February 2020

Background: The main objective of this paper is to explore strategies of effective U.S. banks leaders used to identify efficiency changes during a financial crisis. Methods :Data consisted of semi structured interviews. All interpretations of the data were subjected to member checking to ensure trustworthiness of interpretations. Results: Based on the methodological triangulation of the data collected, 3 of the main themes that emerged were excellent management skills and strong decision making, staff education and reduction, and expenditure reduction. Conclusion: The implications for positive social change include the potential to avoid bank failures in the future, resulting in a stronger and more robust economy, thus sparing taxpayers the burden of bailing out failing banks.

Much of gender inequalities in society are related to empowerment issues. Measuring women empowerment has become relevant indicators to measure half of the dimension of gender inequalities. The primary aim of this study is to use quantitative data to measure women empowerment to understand trends of gender inequities in the SNNPRS. The study used data collected by governmental and international organizations. The findings indicate that women empowerment in field of politics, social and economy have been substantially rewarding. Nevertheless, the political, educational and labour participations gaps between women and men changed little. The findings also suggest that much remain to be done by development actors at regional, national and international levels to steer the direction of development policies in away to reduce gender inequalities. In this regard, establishing gender disaggregated data at national and sub-notional levels have become crucial to design meaningful development policy and strategy to achieve gender equality as one of the integral parts of sustainable development goals.

This study was designed to investigate the challenges and opportunities of women in self-employed jobs. A qualitative, descriptive study was employed by randomly selecting 97 women and three key informants from the three kifle-ketemas of Sodo Town. A survey questionnaire and checklists were used for sample respondents and focus group discussions, respectively. To analyze the quantitative data that was gathered through a questionnaire, descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency and percentages were used. The qualitative data was analyzed through case analysis and content analysis. The results indicate that the great number of respondents had middle age; demographic and socio-economic characteristics limit women’s economy in self-employed jobs and women begin their job for various reasons. Challenges, such as socio-cultural constraints, lack of enough capital for the job, shortage of working place, regular increment of rental house, lack of market information and market access, lack of saving habit, problem of benefit or wage, lack of business skill and lack of entrepreneurship training are the major challenges that affect self-employed women’s job Therefore the conerned bodies should give attention to solve the challenges that affect women's participation in self-employed jobs in the area.

The imperative to revisit the effects of public debt management strategy in Nigeria is necessitated by the fact that the country is currently under severe revenue pressure arising from her volatile macroeconomic environment and uncertain global economic outlook. This is due to the structural subsidence of the international price of crude oil. Debt sustainability has for decades been a topical issue in Nigeria because of the recurring and divergent issue on the debt problem and the resultant challenges and contradictions on Nigeria's development. This is despite the assurances given by the Debt Management Office on the sustainability of these debts. The study, therefore, set out to examine whether the debt refinancing strategy adopted by Debt Management Office has a positive impact on employment generation in Nigeria and ascertain whether the regulation of sub national government borrowings facilitates the development of infrastructure in Nigeria. The study utilizes Rational Choice Theory while adopting qualitative content analysis with data majorly driven from secondary sources. The study finds out that the debt restructuring strategy has temporal respite due to the inability of the capital loan projects to regenerate revenues for its repayment as it is either misappropriated or mismanaged of which the consequences are debt accumulation. Thus, the study, therefore, recommends for viable ways of generating internal revenues and a legal framework for adequate monitoring of sub national governments.

Background: Prenatal care needs to be focussed to reduce the adverse effects in pregnancy and improve the outcome. Prepregnancy obesity might be a risk factor for hypertensive disorder of pregnancy which causes fetal and maternal morbidity. Objective: To evaluate the relationship of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) with the occurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Method: The descriptive type of observational study was done at a tertiary care centre . Women were included in the study at their first visit before six weeks. The prepregnancy weight was used to calculate the BMI. Blood pressure measurements, routine examination and investigations were done at every visit. 45 women who developed HDP were considered as cases. Equal number of normotensive women were taken as controls. Data collected was analysed. Results: Out of 45 cases 57.7% were overweight, 31.1% were normal weight, 11.1% were underweight whereas of 45 controls, 20% were overweight, 55.55% were normal weight and 24.44% were underweight. The associations were statistically highly significant Conclusion: Since maternal obesity is a risk factor for it, prepregnancy reduction in weight would significantly help in reducing the risk of developing hypertension in pregnancy.

Background: Open heart surgery patients usually develop pulmonary complications such as atelectasis, pneumoniain early postoperative period. Literature reported that to prevent or reduce these complications we can use Positive Expiratory Pressure (PEP) therapy techniques with Conventional Physiotherapy Treatment (CPT). Methods: The study design was Randomized Pilot Study. 20 patients included (n=20), 10 patients in each group, Control and Interventional group. Control Group received CPT while Interventional Group received CPT with Blow Bottle PEP (BBPEP) on Post-operative Day (POD) 1 and 2, twice a day and oxygen saturation noted pre and post treatment. Unpaired-t test was used. Result: The therapist made cost-effective and easily BBPEP therapy showed a short-term improvement in oxygen saturation with significant p-value 0.03. Conclusion: BBPEP device is effective in improving oxygenation in early POD i.e. on 1st and 2nd after open-heart surgery.

An observational study was conducted to assess the compliance to the use of surgical safety checklist in elective surgeries at JIPMER, Puducherry. Background: Surgical service is one of the fundamental health care services given in the health care system. Over 234 million operations performed annually worldwide and this yearly volume now exceeds that of childbirth. The surgical complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and pose a major financial burden to the patients and healthcare provider. A strong safety culture that enhances patient safety initiatives has been reiterated in the healthcare system and safety of surgical care is a global concern. As a part of different effort modalities world health organization lunched “safe surgery saves lives campaign”. Around 1800 institutions are now reported to be using the checklist worldwide. The potential for surgical safety checklists to improve safety and outcomes and generate substantial cost swings has attracted global interest. The compliance to surgical safety checklist has many positive effects towards attaining a quality patient care. The effectiveness includes a protective patient environment, reduction in mortality and morbidity, a well co-ordinated teamwork and communication among the health care professionals. Aim: The present study aims to assess the compliance to the use of surgical safety checklist in elective surgeries. Method: The Descriptive Observational design was used in the study with 384 samples of elective surgeries through Convenient Sampling technique. The data was collected in all the Operation Theatres except emergency OT’s for a period of 3 months with help of standardized surgical safety checklist. Results: From the observation about 22.39% of elective surgeries had excellent usage status of surgical safety checklist, 53.9% had very good compliance, 10.41% had fair compliance and 13.28% had poor compliance on usage of surgical safety checklist. There is a significant association between usage status of surgical safety checklist and type of surgery (p<0.05). From the comparison of overall score of the checklist in relation to type of surgeries, major surgery has greater compliance (with mean score 20.96+2.76) than the minor surgeries (with mean score 19.17+3.00) in usage of surgical safety checklist. The total score of different items in time out (item 6-15) and sign out (item 16-25) were statistically significant (<0.05). In relation to the major surgeries, time out phase 193(8.6+3.95) and sign out phase 193(8.4+ 1.6) were observed analytically. There was highly significant difference between sign in items (1-5) with regard to major surgeries 193(3.95+1.7) and minor surgeries 191(4.12+1.5). Conclusion: The study revealed that the level of usage of the surgical safety checklist for elective surgeries was very good. Majority of elective surgeries had very good compliance; a few of elective surgeries had fair and excellent compliance to surgical safety checklist. There was the significant association between the usage status with the type of surgery. The usage of surgical safety checklist shows Time out and Sign out phase had significantly associated and were followed mostly in major surgeries.

Dogs have been identified as the main reservoirs of Leishmania in many parts of the world and play a very important role in the maintenance of the parasite and its transmission to humans and other susceptible hosts. This study was conducted with objective of determining the seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis in three selected Local Government Areas (Wamakko, Sokoto South and Kware) of Sokoto state, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 316 dogs and the separated sera were tested for Leishmania spp IgG antibodies using Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Total number of seropositive dogs was 11 showing overall seroprevalence of 3.5 % all from the adult dogs. Based on sex, female seropositive dogs account for 3.8% as against males (3.0%). Hunting dogs recorded higher seroprevalence (3.9%) compared to companion dogs (1.7%). There was no significant association between age, sex, use of dogs and seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis (P > 0.05). Highest seroprevalence was recorded in Wamakko L.G.A (5.9%), followed by Sokoto South L.G.A (2.7%) and the lowest was recorded in Kware L.G.A (2.6%). There was statistically significant association (P < 0.05) between seroprevanlence of canine leishmaniasis and dog location in the three L.G.A. From this study, we have been able to show evidence of the presence of canine leishmaniasis in parts of Sokoto State, Nigeria. This poses serious possibility of increased risk of the disease transmission to both human and animal population in the study area.

We examined 48 premature newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and 20 healthy premature newborns. We determined the level of lactate and pyruvate in blood serum, as well as the activity of the Krebs cycle enzymes succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPhDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in peripheral blood lymphocytes using a quantitative cytochemical method by reaction with nitrofiolet tetrazolium. The development of RDS in premature newborns was accompanied by severe lactatacidosis on the background of hypoxemia and violations of bioenergetic processes at the cell level. These disorders were characterized by dissociation of the activity of peripheral blood lymphocyte dehydrogenases involved in the energy-forming process. There was a decrease in SDH and LDH activity with an increase in α-GPhDH activity in most newborns. To normalize the processes of bioenergy in infants with RDS, it is advisable to develop methods of pharmacological correction.

Introduction: Peripheral intravenous catheter associated blood stream infections are a cause of nosocomial infections which can lead to substantial patient morbidity and increased health care costs. I took this study because more studies are only on central venous associated blood stream infections and PVC-BSI is submerged. Aim: To determine colonizing bacteria on peripheral intravenous catheter & their associated blood stream infections and to determine their antibiotic susceptibilities. Methods: Fifty patients from different medical intensive care units and post operative patients in maternity ward were included in study, conducted in department of microbiology, SVMC, tirupati. Five cms of peripheral venous tip should be cut aseptically placed in sterile container and 10ml of blood from another vein inoculated to BHI broth after 48 hrs of catheter insertion and processed according to conventional microbiological techniques Results: out of fifty patients fourteen showed positive tip culture and of which four showed positive blood cultures. Most common organisms are Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii, Enterococci. Most of them Multi drug resistant pathogens. Conclusion: Even though peripheral venous associated blood stream infections shows low incidence, it is remarkable in terms of patient morbidity and their safety. From the point of view of quality of care we recommend that hospitals emphasize increasing improvement initiatives with in a wider total quality process that includes adequacy of venous access, optimal insertion care maintenance & management of intravenous therapy.

Severely resorbed ridges, narrowing of arches and increased interarch distance engender difficulties for prosthodontics. The severely resorbed maxillary and mandibular edentulous arches that are narrow and constricted with increased interarch space provide decreased support, retention and stability. Increased inter‑ridge distance often creates a clinical problem due to heavy‑weighted maxillary prosthesis and solution for the same is hollow maxillary denture. To fabricate a hollow denture many materials are used ranging from sugar, salt, catheter and putty. The main disadvantage of all these techniques is that the opening has to be sealed with self-cure material which will be a potential site for microleakage and the junction between the auto polymerized and heat polymerized portions of the denture cause increases risk of seepage of fluid into the denture cavity. In this article a unique technique is used to fabricate a one-piece hollow maxillary denture which will abolish the main disadvantage of microleakage.

This significant industry is vulnerable to extreme climate occurrences owing to majority of its action being complete by substantial work done by individuals. Although a number of researches have been done over the influences of extreme weather happenings, for example, flooding, rain and high temperature controlled study has been directed on the influences of rainfall and hot climate environments. The rainfall offers a fairly various danger outline to construction, unlike extreme climate actions, for instance, hot weather and flooding that state physical difficulties to work over the place. However, both hot weather and rainfall have destroyed the construction business. Besides, construction conditions have been made owing to opposing climate states. Along with hot weather and rainfall which are being estimated to happen more commonly in the upcoming years, this industry may hurt far from any other trade throughout the phase. This makes the requirement to examine approaches that would let construction accomplishments to advance in the course of rainfall and hot weather state stages with lowest influence on construction plans. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the climate change and the influence it brings on construction plan in the Iran. The data collection approach was arranged survey and the objective population includes customers and four groups of specialists who were engineers, quantity assessors, builders, and architects.

The ionospheric Slab thickness is a very important parameter for the study of the neutral temperature and electron density profile; it can be related directly to the scale height of the ionizable constituents. The variability of ionospheric slab thickness at high latitudes during the high solar activity period 2005, we have selected a high latitude station Casey (66.30 S, 110.60 E) in the southern polar region. The results show that the diurnal variability of slab thickness shows that the night time values are higher than the day time values. A significant difference is observed between the day time and night time values during equinoxial months. The diurnal variability at Casey during the high solar activity period is also characterized by a pre sunrise peak in some months which does not occur around the same time as well as is not pronounced during the other months of year. The monthly variability of slab thickness at high latitude follows the semi-annual type of variability with two peaks during the month of March and September. The value of slab thickness is highest during the equinox while least in the summer season. We also notice that the night time values of slab thickness are higher than the day time during all the seasons. The pre sunrise peak is much pronounced during the summer and equinox seasons. The monthly variability of slab thickness follows a very good association with X-ray flux (1-8Å) and EUV flux (26-34nm) and very weak association with the F10.7cm. The correlation coefficients of slab thickness with F 10.7 cm, X-ray Flux (1-8Å) and EUV Flux (26-34nm) are 0.28, 0.58 and 0.60 respectively.

The study focused on the evaluation of the implementation of senior secondary schools mathematics curriculum in Abakaliki education zone of Ebonyi State. Four research questions are posed to guide the study, and three null hypotheses are formulated and tested at 95% confidential level. Evaluation research design was adopted in the study. The design was chosen because of the evaluative nature of the study. The population is made up of all the teachers teaching mathematics and SSS students in all the public secondary schools in Abakaliki Education zone totally 119 schools, 142 teachers and 43,323 students respectively. The sample size is made up of 74 mathematics teachers and 600 students using purposive sampling Technique. Two instruments were adopted for the study - proforma and observational checklist. The proforma helped the researcher to collect data of the qualification of the sampled mathematics teachers and also yield data that was used to answer the research question one and for testing null hypothesis one. Observational checklist for collecting data of content coverage of mathematics curriculum, availability of mathematics instructional materials and extent of the utilization of the recommended assessment practices. Proportions, mean and standard deviations were used to answer the research questions while z-test and chi-square statistics were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 significant levels. The findings of the study shows that for the proportion of qualified mathematics teachers, out of the 74 mathematics teachers only 46 of them which is the proportion of 0.62 or percentage of 62% is qualified. The mathematics curriculum content coverage is fairly covered with mean coverage of 2.41. It is significantly below an average since the expected bench mark of 2.50 as recommended in Ho2. Result also shows that out of 25 listed mathematics instructional materials only one is sufficiently available while 8 are insufficiently available and 16 is not available. This situation certainly does not enhance effective teaching and learning. Based on the findings of the study the following recommendations were made; Government should ensure that more qualified mathematics teachers are employed. Vice principals academics and principals should ensure that mathematics teachers sufficiently cover the mathematics curriculum content. Government should ensure that adequate mathematics instructional materials are provided apart from chalk, chalkboard and textbooks.

The aim of this study of to review the relationship between Organizational Climate and Job Satisfaction as reported by different authors within the last 10 years. Seven different relationships are reviewed in this study. It begins by describing Organizational Climate and Employee Commitment, then continues with Organizational Design and Employee Commitment, Leadership Communication and Employee Commitment, Teamwork, Culture and Employee Commitment, Motivation and Job Satisfaction, Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance, and finally Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. The author concludes that within the past 10 years, researchers agree that a positive organizational Climate tend to lead to higher commitment from employees and vice versa.

A series of new thiazolidinones with barbituric acid scaffolds 5(a-j) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis, B. sphaericus, S. aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, K. aerogenes, C. violaceum) and also antifungal activity against C. albicans, A. fumigatus, T. rubrum and T. metagrophytes. The antibacterial activity of compounds containing 4-hydroxyphenyl (5c), 2,6-difluorophenyl (5g) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- phenyl (5i) groups on thizolidionone ring showed considerable activity against tested bacterial strains. Compound, contain 4-chlorophenyl group (5c) and 4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl (5h) showed better activity against Gram-positive (except B. Subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (except C. Violaceum). Similarly, compounds containing 4-methylphenyl (5b), 3-nitrophenyl (5f) and pipernyl (5j) were active against B. sphaericus, and S. Aureus, respectively. The antifungal evaluation of 5(a-j) indicates that the compounds 5e and 5i which contain 4-hydroxyphenyl and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl respectively showed considerable activity against all the fungal strains.

This reseach was conducted to contribute to the values of medicinal and aromatic plants of Cote d’Ivoire. As such, we carried out the phytochemical composition of essential oil from Enantia polycarpa and Clerodendrum polycephalum baker by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), estimate the antioxidant activity per spectrophotometer and finally achieve some antimicrobial tests upon reference strain of the Swiss center in Cote d’Ivoire. Thus, we identified 96.61% of the total composition of essential oil from Enantia polycarpa leaves which is mainly made up of oxygenated compounds (45.45%) followed by sesquiterpenes (42.42%) and monoterpenes (12.12%). The main compounds are β-Elemene (27.14%), γ-Elemene (23.46%) and α-Pinene (6.43%). Concerning essential oil from Clerodendrum polycephalum leaves, 95.84% of the compostion was identified. It is mainly composed of sesquiterpenes (69.04%) followed by oxygenated compounds (23.80%) and monoterpenes (7.14%). The main compounds are Caryphyllene (30.27%) and Germacrene D (23.96%). The IC50 of essential oil from Enantia policarpa and that of Clerodendrum polycephalum are respectively 0.27 (±0.05) mg/mL and 0.73 (± 0.2) mg/mL. The vitamin C taken as a reference has an IC50 of 0.06 (±0.003) mg/mL. Moreover, the antimicrobial tests have revealed that the essential oil of Clerodendrum polycephalum leaves has got no effect upon the tested strains. The essential oil from Enantia polycarpa has got no effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida tropicalis but has got an inhibitory activity on Bacillus subtulis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimirium, Klebsielle blse, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata.

Traditionally, mangrove plants have been used medicinally in diverse cases like to treat infections, relief pain and purify blood and as antioxidant. Avicennia officinalis is a folk medicinal plant used mainly against rheumatism, paralysis, asthma, snake-bites, skin disease, hepatitis, leprosy and ulcer. Phytochemical constituents from Avicennia officinalis leaf extracts were determined qualitatively. Crude extracts of the plants under study were screened for the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, diterpenes, triterpenes, sterols, saponins, glycosides, proteins, carbohydrates and reducing sugars. Avicennia officinalis was tested for bioactivity against seven bacteria.

Background: India leads the world with largest number of earning the dubious distinction of being termed the “Diabetes capital of the world”. A pre experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding selected self care practices among the Diabetic patients of a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow. Methodology: The subjects consisted of 30 patients suffering from DM type 2. Non probability purposive sampling using structured questionnaire was administered to the subjects to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program. A structured health teaching program was conducted by using appropriate audio visual aids. The tool consisted of three parts, section A with socio demographic data, age gender, qualification, trade occupation, duration of illness. Section B about the knowledge regarding DM type 2 and section C on knowledge regarding selected health care practices. Results: Study findings revealed 50% of the respondents were in 40 – 46 years age group. Most of the subjects ( 40% ) were educated up to primary school, majority of the subjects (30%) had Rs 30,000 as monthly income. Approximately 16 %, 66% and 18% of respondents had good, average and poor level of knowledge respectively. The present study elicits that in pre test maximum (50%) had excellent knowledge,40% with Adequate Knowledge and rest with Minimum regarding self care in DM. In post test maximum (60%) had excellent knowledge and 40% with good knowledge regarding self care in DM.

A weed survey was carried out during 2014 and 2015 main cropping seasons with in two agro-ecologies (Mid land and Low land) of Guji zone, Southern Oromia, to assess the distribution and importance of cereal crop weeds as well as to investigate the most dominant weed flora in cereal crops. For this survey, data was collected from four agro-ecologically representative districts where two districts were selected from each agro-ecology purposively. From each districts four Peasant associations were selected and totally, 80 fields were assessed during this survey. Collected data was tested using quantitative and descriptive tools. Accordingly, a total of 42 weed taxa belonging to 18 plant families were identified. Among these families, Gramineae, compositae, polygonaceae and Rubiaceae were the most abundant families recorded during the investigation. Snowden Polistachia, Avena fatua, Bromus pectinatus Thunb, Phalaris paradoxa L, Setaria pumila, Digitaria abyssinica, Galansoga Palviflora, Guizotia Scabra, Tagetes minuta L, Bidens pilosa L, Bidense pachloma , Parthinium hystrophorus L., Polygonum Nepalense , Oxygonum sinuatum, Rumex abyssinica , Andropogon Abyssinicus, Lauracaea Cornuta, Galium Sporium were the most frequent species (68%) followed by Snowden Polistachia (51%). Furthermore, most of farmers(90%) in mid and low land districts mentioned Setaria Verticillata (L.)and Setaria Pumila as important weeds which are the most abundant, frequency and dominant weed species of cereal crops. at both Mid land and Low land agro-ecologies of Guji Zone. In general, this study would provide basic information's regarding the situation of cereal crop weeds in different agro ecologies of Guji Zone that could serve as corner stone for future research on weed.

Introduction: A Dental implant placement is a surgical procedure in which component of implant interfaces with the bone of the jaw or skull to support a dental prosthesis such as a crown, bridge, denture. A successful implant placement in aesthetic zone is depends on the health of the person receiving the treatment, drugs which affect the chances of osseointegration, density of bone and the health of the tissues in the mouth. Implant placement in the anterior maxilla remains a challenge to surgeons because of functional and aesthetic results. Dental implants may be used to replace single or multiple teeth, or provide abutments for complete dentures or partial dentures. This case report study is representative of such instance, when following the correct guidelines, a successful outcome is made possible when aesthetic result is prime concern. The aim of this article to present case report with replacement of missing anterior teeth in compromised site with Dental Implants and bone graft to obtain desirable result in aesthetic zone. Case Report: A 30 year male patient visited to the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery at, Nagpur with chief complaints of loss of upper front teeth due to trauma 2 year back. On detailed intra oral examination revealed that missing teeth on 11,21 & 22 regions. After proper treatment planning endo-osseous implant followed by Alloplast bone graft was placed and guided tissue regeneration membrane was placed on the labial bony surface in defect area. Conclusion: The case report includes the planning, execution and outcome stages of an Implant in the anterior maxilla. Implant therapy fulfil both functional and aesthetic concerns of the patient as it is considered a primary treatment modality Before surgical placement of a Dental Implant, the adequate hard and soft tissue must be available. The clinician must consider the time needed for Implant Osseo integration (total integration of Implant within the Bone) and soft-tissue healing around the implant, creation of emergence profiles, occlusal loading forces in relationship to progressive masticatory forces on the final restoration.

Information Security, as the word says, has always meant securing assets and providing controls and procedures to resist damage or potentialimpact on the system(s) under consideration. This definition as isunderstood in security circles has various potential inferences and istypically understood in the defensive sense. Protect the network, protect the server, protect the logs, the list never ends. Honeypot is a security mechanism whose value lies in unauthorized or illicit use of that resource.It is a resource which is intended to be attacked and compromised to gain more information about the attacker and his attack techniques. They are a highly flexible tool that comes in many shapes and Sizes. However, this paper examines the different types of honeypot and their levels of interaction with the attacker. This paper attempts to examine a honeypot environment using Tcpdump packet sniffer through SSH client.

Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a variant of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with low malignant potential. The most common site of occurrence was the buccal mucosa followed by the mandibular alveolar ridge and gingiva. The treatment of oral verrucous carcinoma remains controversial. Whenever possible surgically, total excision and skin or mucosal grafting is recommended. Here we present a case report of oral verrucous carcinoma which was treated with wide local excision followed by reconstruction with split thickness skin graft.

Anomalies of the urinary tract rank third to fourth among congenital malformations and are most frequently associated with other congenital malformations elsewhere in the body. This study is intended to shed light on the role of Ultrasound in the diagnosis of most of these diseases either alone or sometimes in conjuction with other tools of investigations in different age groups and in utero as “ prenatal diagnosis”.

The management of completely edentulous patients with xerostomia with sunken cheek, pose a significant challenge to the prosthodontists. The overall goal of rehabilitating such individuals is focused on improving phonetics, esthetics, proper occlusion and masticatory function. Salivary reservoirs are often incorporated in the dentures of xerostomic patients to hold and dispense the artificial saliva. The major disadvantage of the conventional salivary reservoir is the reduction of the tongue space. This article describes the fabrication of the salivary reservoir in a patient with sunken cheeks and shallow palate, in which the esthetic correction of the sunken cheeks was achieved together with minimal encroachment into the tongue space. Additionally, neutral zone impression technique for the resorbed mandibular arch and recording of palatogram was also done

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the impacts of the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on household food security, asset accumulation and annual income. The intervention areas of the project are in improving the overall livelihood of rural poor households. Even though the project has been implemented since 2005 in Ethiopia, its impact on food security, asset accumulations, and household income have not well studied. Both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed. The primary data was collected from 154 PSNP beneficiaries and 174 non-beneficiaries. Secondary data was used from previous related literature and office reports. Descriptive statistics and econometric model of propensity score matching (PSM) were used to analyze the collected data. The result of the descriptive statistics showed that there are significant mean differences between PSNP beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries in terms of the number of months with food shortage, educational status, contact with development agents, and family size. Since the project gives priority for female-headed households, more than half of beneficiaries (64.94%) were female-headed households. Moreover, the mean difference of outcome variables for samples before matching the households for daily caloric intake per adult equivalent (t=6.68), asset accumulations (t=7.05) and annual income (t=5.44) was statistically significant between PSNP beneficiaries and non-beneficiary based on the results of t-tests. Similarly, the result of PSM confirmed that the ATT of PSNP beneficiary households increased the total calorie intake per adult equivalent by 738.27 Kcal which was significant at a 1% significance level. Similarly, there was a statistically significant mean difference between the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries groups regarding asset accumulations and annual income in birr of 29652.7 and 26732 birr respectively. The sensitivity analysis result showed that the impact results estimated by this study are insensitive to the unobserved selection bias of gamma value 3.5. Therefore, since the impacts of the project were found positive, it is better to widen the implementation of the project to other food prone areas of Ethiopia.

The Indian retail industry has come forth as one of the most dynamic and fast paced industries contributing 10 percent of the country*s GDP and 8 percent of its employment. India is Asia*s third and the fourth largest retail market globally offering massive investment opportunities. Organised retail in India has seen a continuous influx of players in to the market, but not all of them have tasted success yet because of factors like having initial investments that are required to break even with other companies. The Indian retail market environment is also ever changing with evolving consumer behaviour. Consumer experiences play a decisive role in their buying decision. Over the last decade we have gone from a liner retail focused model to today*s iterative, digital-centric model of customer behaviour. Retail branding has become complex due to the presence of dual layered of objectives-stablishing a differentiated positioning of the retailer and its own line of goods, secondly, making the positioning attractive enough for successful off take of other manufactures brand. India*s favourable macro-economic indicators, investor friendly policies and rapid growth in consumption are driving the growth of the retail sector in the country as a whole.

All healthcare urinary tract infections are caused by instrumentation of urinary tract. Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) has been associated with increased morbidity, mortality, hospital cost and length of stay. It is usually caused by multidrug resistant strains; require higher antibiotics and these strains may spread to other patients. Duration of catheterization is directly related to the development of bacteriuria. Aim of the present study is to, identify CAUTI in relation to age, sex, department wise, days of catheterization, to isolate the aetiolological agent and their antibiogram. To identify various risk factors in the causation of CAUTI and to bring down the incidence of CAUTI. Out of 384 catheterized patients(185 males, 199 females) majority of them belongs to the age of 61-70 (23.18%) followed by 19-30 (19.27%) years. CAUTI as per definition was found in 2 patients with rate of 1.56 /1000 catheterised days. The causative agents were Esch. Coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae which were multi drug resistant. Infection prevention policies are stringent in this institution, which helped infection control team to keep low incidence of CAUTI in the present study. This study provides baseline information in the context of incidence of CAUTI, to identify causative bacteria and their antibiogram for prophylactic and empiric therapy in these patients.

The purpose of this study was to assess inventory management practices in the case of manufacturing firms in Hawassa City. The study adopted a descriptive research design which allowed the collection of primary and secondary data through structured questionnaires and document review respectively. Purposive sampling approach was employed to identify fifty (50) employees directly involved in inventory management operations. The collected data was analysed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23 and Microsoft Excel 2016 Software. The study revealed that the company under investigation experiences a lot of inventory management procedures to keep their stock always available to meet customer demands. They have a very good inventory management practices. However, it was revealed that, for some of the companies faced with serious long lead time challenges due to bureaucratic procedures in ordering parts leading to the cancellation of purchase orders and losing customers. Finally, it is recommended that the companies have to remove some of the bureaucratic management styles to cope up with the dynamic marketing environment and exist for a long period of serving their customer.

Endodontic-periodontal combined lesion is a clinical dilemma because, arriving at a differential diagnosis and deciding a prognosis is difficult. An untreated primary endodontic lesion can become secondarily involved with periodontal breakdown, which may clinically present with unusual signs and symptoms. This can delay the diagnosis and formulating the correct treatment. This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment protocol for an Endo-perio lesion of primary endodontic with secondary periodontal involvement.

Prostate cancer invasion to the rectum mucosa as T4a disease is common scenario, but as rectal mass quite uncommon. Findings in the patient reported here emphasize the importance ofthe relationship between urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms in detecting prostatic neoplasms in older malepatients.

An edentulous smile might look appealing in an infant but its persistence is a serious cause of concern for the parents and the child. Loss of teeth will negatively affect the child's ability to chew, and may affect his or her self esteem. The management of tooth loss in children is distinct from that of adults as the children are in growing stage and the morphology of primary tooth is different from permanent. It has always been a challenge for pedodontist to come up with the best way to replace missing teeth. Mini implants is now used in pediatric dentistry for replacing missing teeth. It becomes a promising alternative to crown anchorage, especially in oral rehabilitation of growing patient due to its simple ways to use, versatility and great biocompatibility. It provides good aesthetic and functional results which improves the child’s quality of life, social integration and increases the self-esteem.

The incidence of ABO & Rh blood types varies among different population groups. The knowledge of the distribution of ABO & Rh blood groups is essential for effective management of blood banks, transfusion purposes, in population genetic study, transplantation, hemolytic disease & resolving certain medico–legal issues, of disputed parentage. Our aim was to determine the distribution of different blood groups in girl students in Y.C.W. M. Warananagar. A study was conducted at Zoology Department laboratory in Y.C.Warana Mahavidylaya over a period of two years – 2016 and 2017. During study, some Rh –ve girl students were found. The study of blood groups have a significant implication regarding the inventory management of blood bank, transfusion services and hemolytic disease. Present study concluded that most prevalent Rh negative blood groups are B & O while AB is rare blood group amongst the girl students in Y.C.Warana Mahavidylaya, Warananagar.

Large oro-facial defects causes serious functional as well as cosmetic deformities. Acceptable cosmetic results usually can be obtained with a facial prosthesis. This article describes prosthetic rehabilitation of a 41 year-old male having a left orbital defect with heat cure acrylic resin material. The resultant facial prosthesis was structurally durable and aesthetically acceptable with satisfactory retention.

Under-nutrition remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children globally, which is directly or indirectly related to knowledge and practice of the mothers regarding child feeding. Haldwani region is also having more undernourished children in the Uttarakhand state. Therefore, the present study was performed to assess the knowledge, practice, and attitude of the mothers regarding weaning which is the major factor for nutritional deficiency in the infants. A mixed research approach and descriptive survey design were adopted among 50 mothers selected through a purposive sampling technique. The majority of the mothers (60%) showed adequate knowledge on the weaning concept and its starting time but were less informed regarding breastfeeding routine. Half of the mothers knew the need for hygiene (50%) and proper cooking practices. The mothers showed a positive attitude in the areas like weaning process, diet, position & hygiene. The present study concludes that mothers require detailed knowledge regarding weaning practices and the attitude in order to improve the nutrition status of the children.

Today the competition for scarce water resources in many places is intense. Managing water as an economic good helps to achieve efficient and equitable use, and ensuring sustainability of water resources. This paper focused on investigating the water production and pricing in Rwanda to improve clean water accessibility. The findings showed that the amount of water produced increased from 38818228 cubic meters in 2012 to 43558705 cubic meters in 2016. The change in number of customers with water connections in the same period has risen from 118393 customers to 175646 customers. The price changes according to the amount of water used in order to influence water accessibility and management. Therefore, pricing water contributes to development of water sector, improving water supply and maintaining water infrastructures countrywide. Strengthening the capacity of existing water treatment plants will lead to ensured production and supply of the required volume of clean water on daily basis.

English language has emerged as the most sought after second language in the world. Mother tongue is learnt quite automatically, whereas a second language is learnt consciously. Learning a second language is a painful process and it requires a lot of practice. A second language is learnt, mainly to use the target language in the society. As stated in the theories on language acquisition by Noamchomsky and Stephen Krashen, second language acquisition demands a comprehensible input for its proficiency. The advent of Smart classrooms in schools of Kerala laid the foundation for an easy and interesting way for second language learning. Conscious and legitimate use of technology can create an acquisition rich environment in the English classroom, boosting up the sensory experiences of the learners. This paper intends to explore the enormous application of technology in enhancing second language acquisition.

Introduction: Damage-control surgery is abbreviated surgery performed to control a patient’s life-threatening illness. It minimizes the time during which the patient is exposed to coagulopathic stimuli, hypothermia and acidosis in the operating room in favour of returning the patient to the intensive care unit as expeditiously as possible for a full resuscitation. Aim: Evaluation of efficacy and safety of dynamic wound closure system in open abdomen Methods: Between March 2018 and March 2019, 12 patients with severe peritonitis and abdominal trauma were stabilized by laparotomy and the developed open abdomen was treated by dynamic wound closure (ABRA SYSTEM) after a variable period of ICU admission with strict following of the protocol of damage control surgery (DCS). Results: The mean duration ICU admission before ABRA application was 5 days. The mean duration of ABRA application was 15days. The average width of the abdominal defect was 15 cm. The average length of defect was 20 cm. Delayed primary abdominal closure was accomplished in 8 patients without further surgery. Incisional hernia with a small abdominal defect developed in 2 patients. Skin graft was applied over wide defect in 2 patients. Conclusion: Abdominal re-approximation by dynamic wound closure system is safe and effective, however it is very pain full and needs more analgesic support.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and microleakage of class II cavities in maxillary premolars restored with Cention-N, with and without an adhesive, silver amalgam and bulk fill composite resin. Settings and Design: This was an in vitro study. Materials and Method: A total 120 maxillary premolars were selected and divided into four groups (30 each) according to the filling material used - Group 1- Class II cavities restored with silver amalgam, Group 2- Class II cavities restored with bulk fill composite resin, Group 3- Class II cavities restored with Cention N without an adhesive, Group 4- Class II cavities restored with Cention N with an adhesive. Half of Samples were subjected tothermocycling and immersed in methylene blue dye. Samples were then sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for dye leakage under stereomicroscope. Remaining half were tested for fracture resistance under universal testing machine. Recorded results were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The results of this study showed that Cention Nwith an adhesive showed the highest fracture resistance and lowest microleakage score followed by Cention N without an adhesive and bulk fill composite resin (Tetric N Ceram). While the specimen restored with silver amalgam showed least resistance to fracture and highest micro leakage. Statistical analysis of fracture resistance showed a highly significant difference between the groups and statistical analysis of microleakage showed a significant difference amongst the groups. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it may be concluded from the present study that Cention N when used with an adhesive provide highest resistance to fracture and lowest micro leakage amongst all the groups and thus it is suitable for posterior teeth restoration in class II cavities as a good alternative to amalgam and posterior composites.

Objective: The objective of our study was to analyze fetal prognosis during delivery from below in the presence of a cord circular in a country with bad medical care. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical aims relating to delivery from below with an umbilical cord circular. The study covered a period of 3 years from January 2016 to December 2018 and took place at the Teaching Hospital of Cocody. Results: the frequency of deliveries from below with a circular cord was 3.3%. The average age of the population was 28 with extremes of 17 and 42 patients were evacuated in 69.3% of the cases and, the presence of the cord circular was specified in 41.7% of the cases. Our patients were nulliparous in 39.9% of the cases. Among them, 63.8% had performed at least 4 ANCs. In 57.7% of cases (263/456), an emergency caesarean section had been decided before delivery. At birth, the umbilical cords were short (<50cm) in 2.6% of the cases, normal (50 to 70 cm) in 94.8% of the cases and long (> 90cm) in 2.6% of the cases. 19 neonatal deaths were observed (4.2% of cases). Neither fetal weight nor hours of labor were found as determinants of stillbirth in this association. Conclusion: Delivery from below is possible when the umbilical cord circular is unique, as long as there is rigorous monitoring of the labor of delivery and that emergency caesareans section once decided, are performed within a reasonable time.

Background: Introduction of IMRT techniques for the treatment of Head and Neck carcinomas (HNSCC) has given better dose conformity and sparing of the organs at risk (OARs). Disadvantage of fixed angle IMRT is longer radiation delivery time and increased patient exposure to low dose radiation. Recently, VMAT has been developed which enables IMRT-like dose distributions to be delivered using a single rotation of the gantry and thereby reducing the treatment time. This study is undertaken to compare VMAT (single and double arcs) and IMRT plans for dose homogeneity, dose conformity and ability to spare OARs in HNSCC. Aims and objectives: • To compare IMRT and VMAT (Single and double arc) techniques in terms of tumor coverage, conformity and doses received by normaltissues. • To compare the treatment delivery time between IMRT and VMAT (single arc and double arc) in terms of monitor units(MUs). Methods and Materials: Between January 2014 to December 2015, 43 patients with nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypoharyngeal and laryngeal cancers were taken. IMRT, VMAT single arc and VMAT double arc plans were generated. Comparison of doses using dose volume histogram (DVH) was done. Doses to normal structures, tumor coverage and dose homogeneity and dose conformity was compared. Results: VMAT double arc plans had a superior homogeneity index(HI) equal to (0.1 ± 0.01) [p = 0.001] and best conformity(CI95%=1.2±0.16)[p= 0.02] compared to single arc plans with a HI of (0.1 ± 0.02) and slightly inferior conformity(CI95% = 1.3 ± 0.17) and IMRT plans with a HI of (0.1 ± 0.16) and least conformity (CI95%= 1.3 ±0.23). The average MU needed to deliver the dose of 225cGy per fraction was (637 ± 117.6 MU) [0.001] and (600.7 ± 113.95 MU) for double arc and single arc as against (1121.7 ± 390.27 MU) for the IMRT plan. The average number of monitor units was reduced by 53% for VAMT plans and double arc plans required only 10% more monitor units than single arc plans. Interpretation and Conclusion: VMAT double arc proved a significant sparing of OARs without compromising target coverage compared to IMRT. Hence VMAT is a fast, safe and a better treatment option in our comparison for HNSCC that uses lower MUs compared to IMRT.

2 year old child presented with acute onset respiratory distress after ingestion of multiple Dapsone tablets accidentally. Relevant blood investigations revealed methemoglobinemia. Child responded with freshly prepared Inj. Methylene Blue and discharged after 7 days.

International research associates transformational leadership applied by the school leader with the effective teaching of the teacher. Differentiated teaching is considered a holistic way of approaching the learning process and a vital component of effective teaching. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether Greek teachers differentiate their teaching according to their students' interests and needs and whether transformational leadership influences this implementation. The sample of the research consisted of 147 secondary education teachers in the region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. The results revealed that the 73.5% of teachers apply differentiated teaching. There was also a statistically significant but weak positive correlation between the three sub-factors of transformational leadership, charisma, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation, with differentiated teaching. Principal’s charisma has the highest positive correlation than the other two sub-factors and can predict the application of differentiated teaching at 9.3%. The findings of the research could be used to train potential principals in transformational leadership practices.

Peace education is a fundamental component of peace building. With the experiences of ruptured peace and conflict recovery in some areas peace education becomes an imperative in Nigeria. All segments of the society would gain from peace education where values, moral rectitude, tolerance and method of resolving any dispute peacefully and in a spirit of respect for human dignity and non-discrimination are inculcated in the minds of the citizenry. The study adopts the Theory of Learning to Abolish War Model of Reardon, B. and Cabezudo, A. which argues that peace can be taught to children by promoting culture of peace and abolishing culture of war. The study recommends that Nigeria should make peace education a compulsory subject and course in institutions of learning across board, make workable legal and institutional framework for peace education with adequate budget backed by political will for appropriation and implementation of peace education. The study concludes that Nigeria stands to reduce incidences of conflict and violence when peace education is prioritized. ‘Since war begins in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that defense of peace must be constructed’ - Preamble to the UNESCO Constitution.