Table of Contents: Volume 17; Issue 11; November 2025

This study provides an in-depth analysis of methods for modeling residual components in time series applied to health data. Time series analysis plays a crucial role in many disciplines, particularly in public health. Time series make it possible to study the evolution of phenomena over time in order to identify trends and formulate forecasts. However, beyond the trend and seasonality components, residual components, often perceived as "noise", also contain valuable information that could impact the results of these forecasts if they are not taken into account. After exploring some methods (statistical and machine learning), we applied the first-order autoregressive method AR(1) to health data from the Cameroonian Ministry of Public Health for the period 2018 to 2022. This method successfully captured the relevant information contained in the residuals of our decomposition, achieving a performance of 99% in the test. This result is well beyond those using neural networks (LSTM) and ARIMA-ARCH on the same dataset. The study of the residuals helps to better adjust the general trend of the series and highlights the importance of taking into account the residuals in the modeling of time series in order to improve the accuracy of forecasts. Finally, this study opens up perspectives for the application of other hybrid modeling techniques combining statistical and machine learning methods for a more detailed analysis of health data.

Our atmosphere is predominantly consists of two important gases that are important for livelihood, namely Oxygen and Nitrogen. Clean air is essential to stay healthy as well as to maintain a good environment. Air Quality is measured using a metric called Air Quality Index (AQI). It is a number that tells which pollutant is present in the air, its percentage and how it affects our health and Ecosystem. It keeps a tab on major Air Pollutants namely PM10,PM2.5,No2,So2,CO,O3,NH3,Lead. Besides these, Emission of Firecrackers also made an impact of it by releasing harmful chemicals and organic pollutants. In the present study, we had used machine learning models like Linear Regression,Support Vector Machine,Artificial Neural Networks, Decision Trees and Random Forest. The results showed that ANN outperformed other models with the metrics R2 (1),MAE (1), MAPE (0.7142),RMSE(1) for the city Gummidipoondi. This helps government to take preventive steps that worsens with all reasons related to weather conditions,vehicle emissions and local pollutants that create public health emergencies related to many respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

The relation between radius and the area of a circle is said to be 22/7 times the radius square. Similarly the relation between diameter and the circumference is considered as 22/7 times the diameter of a circle but actually it is not. For practical purposes to determine the area and circumference of a circle we use this with some deviation and variances. Here in this essay I have shown the actual relation with proof mathematical obviously.

Background: Maternal mortality continues to be a global public health problem with anaemia as one of its leading causes. There have been a number of interventions and strategies targeted at preventing anaemia in pregnancy and in effect, maternal mortality in Ghana. Despite these efforts, the problem persists. This study investigated the trends in anaemia aggravated maternal mortality in Ghana and examined how these rates varied across different age groups. Objectives: This study aims to assess the trends in maternal mortality attributable to iron deficiency in Ghana and also examine variations in the trend across different age groups. Methods: A linear regression was fitted to the natural log of the maternal mortality attributed to anaemia in the Joint point Regression Program to assess the overall trends in anaemia attributed maternal mortality. Pairwise comparison tests were also performed to ascertain whether the trends in the rate of mortality were identical across different age groups. Results: In general, it was observed that the rate of anaemia aggravated maternal deaths in Ghana declined from 1990 to 2021. Meanwhile, there were observed temporal increase in the rate among women aged 30 and above with those aged below 30 not recording any temporal rise. Conclusion: Considering the variations in trend across different age groups, this study recommends that age-specific targeted interventions be introduced to combat anaemia in pregnancy and improve maternal health outcomes in Ghana.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionising healthcare by enhancing patient care, diagnosis, treatment, and management. This paper explores the diverse applications of AI in health systems, highlighting its potential to improve efficiency, accuracy, and patient outcomes while addressing the associated challenges. AI technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision enable the analysis of vast healthcare data for predictive analytics, personalised medicine, and disease prevention. These tools support clinicians in diagnosing and predicting diseases swiftly and accurately.Applications like virtual health assistants and predictive modelling are fostering more patient-centred care across various healthcare settings. Beyond clinical care, AI is accelerating medical research and drug development by analysing genomic data, identifying biomarkers, and modelling drug interactions, including repurposing existing drugs to address emerging health threats. Despite its promise, AI implementation faces ethical, legal, and data privacy challenges. Ensuring reliability and safety demands ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration, transparency, and rigorous evaluation of AI systems. Addressing these barriers is critical to harnessing AI's full potential and integrating it responsibly into healthcare.

Aim: We all know the different dietary interactions of rheumatological diseases, but we wanted to determine what their effects on patient follow-ups and treatment protocols will be in long-term follow-ups. Introduction: The importance of diet in many different diseases is known and new effects are added every day. Developed societies, although having successfully reduced the burden of infectious disease, constitute an environment where metabolic, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases thrive. Patients that have chronic fatigue, joint pain (seasonal variability) and resistant dyspepsia symptoms have food intolerance depended auto immune disease.(FIDAD) Weight loss is frequently offered as a therapy and is aimed at improving some of the components of the metabolic syndrome. Among various diets, ketogenic diets, which are very low in carbohydrates and usually high in fats and/or proteins, have gained in popularity.Similar studies reveal a serious problem of dietary influence, shows that it can.73 of our patients were followed up for sixth years. The patients were evaluated according to their previous and subsequent symptom severity, drug use, and examination results. Material and Method: We included five disease groups in the study. The number of lines followed in the sixth year increased to 73. The symptoms and examination evaluations of the patients were performed. Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), multiple sclerosis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis were treated and followed up according to the guidelines, while diet adjustments were made and follow-up was continued. Physical examination and aching joint examination, blood tests and stool analysis were performed every three months. In the follow-up of the patients, the standard treatment protocol was gradually reduced depending on the decrease in the symptoms according to the ACR disease and treatment evaluation criteria. Dietary adjustment was not interrupted in the patients. When an increase in disease activity was observed in reducing the treatment protocol, the previous protocol was returned. Treatment arrangements of the patients were arranged according to EULAR rheumatology criteria. No additions were made to the rheumatological treatment protocols of the patients with the tests performed. According to the results, the treatment protocols of the patients were reduced and discontinued. The follow-ups were continued and the controls were repeated with the same frequency. Patients were instructed to refer again when they felt a change in symptoms or pain.Additional infection treatments were performed in the controls (urinary tract infection, throat infection, etc.). Antibiotic therapy was given when necessary. Result: Nearly all patient treatment aim to collect information on the anniversary of them follow up at years 1 and 2 (year 1 = 40 /73 (54.7%); year 2 = 55/73 (75.3%), with half of the trials requesting intermediate follow- up data at 3 years (70/73 (95.8%). A similar pattern is present between years 3 and 5, with all trials collecting data annually (from year 5 = 70/73 (95.8%); from years 5 to 6 = 71/73 (97.2%) In this way, the rates of no treatment over the years were as observed in the patients who underwent a diet protocol. Discussion: Additional evidence is needed to suggest that diet is the trigger for this remission in patients. However, the fact that diet is a trigger and when it is removed, patients go into remission cannot be ignored. In order to establish a direct connection with these diseases, it must be shown that the defense cells that cause autoimmune disease originate from the same clone. Despite this, it is obvious that a drop of benefit is guiding in the follow-up and treatment of diseases. Although it is certain that more publications and research are needed, it should be considered to be added to medical treatment in cases where adequate treatment response is not obtained or in resistant cases.

La conservation du maïs demeure un enjeu majeur en Guinée, où les pertes post récolte dues à Sitophiluszeamais peuvent dépasser 40 %, compromettant la sécurité alimentaire et la qualité des semences. Les insecticides de synthèse, bien qu’efficaces, posent des risques sanitaires et environnementaux, d’où l’intérêt croissant pour les biopesticides d’origine végétale comme le neem (Azadirachta indica). Cette étude conduite à Faranah avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’efficacité d’extraits de différentes parties du neem a été évaluée dans la protection des grains de maïs. Cinq traitements ont été comparés : un témoin positif (Sarsa-super, T0), les poudres de graines (T1), péricarpe des fruits (T2), feuilles (T3) et écorces (T4), appliquées sur 4 kg de maïs infesté artificiellement par 20 adultes de Sitophilus zeamais. Les observations ont porté sur la pureté, le taux d’infestation, la perte de poids, la mortalité des insectes et le pouvoir germinatif des graines. Les résultats montrent que les extraits de graines (T1) et de péricarpes (T2) ont significativement réduit les infestations (39 %) et les pertes de poids (0,1 %), tout en maintenant une pureté élevée (87 %) et un pouvoir germinatif comparable au témoin (89 %). Les extraits d’écorces (T4) ont été moins performants, probablement en raison d’une faible teneur en métabolites bioactifs. En conclusion, les extraits de neem, notamment ceux issus des grains (T1 et T2), représentent une alternative écologique, économique et durable aux insecticides chimiques pour la gestion post récolte du maïs, contribuant à la réduction des pertes et à la préservation de la qualité semencière.

Background: Recent research highlights the neuroinflammatory basis of Schizophrenia with an intrigue into biomarkers for schizophrenia. The involvement of immunological dysfunction in schizophrenic patients with a blunted type 1 (i.e., IL-2, gamma interferon, IL-12 and TNF-β) and an increased type 2 cytokine pattern (i.e., IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13) has been seen. Aim: To assess the baseline immunological parameters in drug naïve patients of schizophrenia, compare the levels of interleukins-2,6 and 8 in patients on clozapine and risperidone at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks and study their correlation with clinical response. Material and methods: It was a prospective, randomized, and comparative study. Patients with ICD 11 diagnosis of Schizophrenia were randomized to receive either clozapine or risperidone after baseline assessment of socio- demographic and clinical parameters, baseline blood investigations, immunoglobulins and estimation of interleukin (IL-2, 6 and 8) levels. Levels of interleukins were reassessed at 6 weeks and 12 weeks along with application of PANSS and Glasgow antipsychotic side effect check list. Results: 54 of 65 patients completed the study; 30 patients in clozapine group and 24 in risperidone group. A significant rise was seen in IL-2 levels over 12 weeks. There was decrease in IL-6 levels which correlated with the decrease in positive symptoms at week 12. IL-8 had a negative correlation with the general psychopathology score at week 6 which continued till week 12. Risperidone did not have a significant alteration in the interleukin levels over the 12 weeks. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the elevated cytokine levels (IL-6) at baseline in both clozapine and risperidone groups validate the inflammatory basis of schizophrenia and may be used as the state marker for schizophrenia.

The 2025 edition of the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese has raised the recommended vitamin D intake from 5.5 micrograms to 9.0 micrograms. The reason for this is that more and more people are taking measured to protect themselves from the sun on a daily basis, and also to prevent osteoporosis. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a new food product (disaster food or space food) using wood ear mushrooms, which are known to be high in vitamin D. First, we began by analyzing how much vitamin D and calcium wood ear mushrooms contain, and we report on this. We requested the Japan Food Research Laboratories, Nagoya branch. To measure the vitamin D and calcium contents of commercially available Chinese wood ear mushrooms and wood ear mushrooms cultivated using commercially available Japanese mushroom beds. As a result, the vitamin D content of commercially available wood ear mushrooms was 83.5 µg/100g, and the calcium content was 108mg/100g. The vitamin D content of cultivated wood ear mushrooms was below the detection limit (0.7 µg/100g or less), and the calcium content was 49.5mg/100g. Vitamin D is not only required to be taken together with calcium to prevent osteoporosis, but is also an important nutrient because it regulates immune function, inhibits cell proliferation and differentiation, and suppresses inflammation. However, this analysis has revealed that the foods we eat, thinking we are getting vitamin D, may actually contain no vitamin D or only trace amounts. In the development of future disaster and space food, it is necessary to clarify the nutritional analysis values of the wood ear mushrooms to be used before processing them into food.

IPOs are emerging as a major significance to the economy in a global dynamic environment. They are playing a vital role in each and every sectorand resulting in contributing to the growth of the economy. In this context, present study has taken top 4 emerging sectors which Includes, Information Technology, Healthcare, E-Commerce & Fast Moving Consumer Goods. The selected sectorial performances are evaluatedby the 2 analytical tools i.e. return on investment (ROI) and market capitalisation (MC). The study made use of secondary data, such as webpages and journal papers.Since 2007, 25 companies in IT sector went to SME IPOs, 24 companies in Healthcare sector went to SME IPOs, 6 in E-Commerce & 26 in FMCG sector. From the analysis by taking 2 parameters i.e. return on investment and market capitalisation, it was concluded that IT industry is performing well in comparison to other 3 emerging sectors.

This study examines how evolving monetary policy mechanisms and the proliferating use of digital payments have affected economic outcomes in India from 2020 to 2025. While the central bank’s traditional instruments repo rate, reverse repo rate, liquidity management—remain pivotal, digital innovation has emerged as a major catalyst for refining monetary policy transmission. By analysing GDP growth, lending rates, inflation behaviour, and payment system modernization, the paper uncovers links between policy stance and economic momentum. Panel regression and ARDL methodologies reveal that integration of digital payments leads to improved transmission efficiency, lower lending rates, and enhanced macroeconomic stability. The findings suggest that policy makers should leverage digital financial infrastructure for more responsive and inclusive monetary policy, ensuring resilience in the face of domestic shocks and global volatility.

Les partenariats public-privé (PPP) constituent un levier stratégique du développement territorial et touristique, en réunissant acteurs publics et privés autour de projets communs. Toutefois, la diversité des logiques institutionnelles et la répartition inégale de l’information entre partenaires peuvent engendrer des asymétries d’information, sources de malentendus, de tensions et de déséquilibres communicationnels. Ces fragilités internes risquent de compromettre la cohérence du discours collectif et, par conséquent, de fragiliser l’image de marque touristique du territoire. Cette recherche vise à évaluer dans quelle mesure la communication territoriale parvient à réguler ces déséquilibres informationnels et à favoriser la cohérence des messages diffusés par les acteurs publics et privés. En s’appuyant sur une approche qualitative menée auprès des principaux acteurs de la gouvernance touristique de la région Béni Mellal-Khénifra, elle cherche à comprendre comment la qualité du dialogue partenarial influence la construction et la crédibilité de l’image territoriale. Les résultats permettront d’identifier les nœuds critiques de la communication au sein des PPP et d’envisager des leviers pour renforcer la performance et l’attractivité territoriale.

Les zones de dépression constituent des réservoirs d’eaux usées et également des dépotoirs de déchets de différentes natures ; sont alors de potentielles sources de pollution des eaux souterraines. L’objectif de notre étude est d’évaluer le risque sanitaire de la zone de dépression d’Amadahomé. Ainsi, une enquête est réalisée pour recueillir les vécus de la population sur les pratiques sanitaires et d’assainissement. Des analyses bactériologiques et physico-chimiques ont été effectuées selon les normes de l’Association Française de Normalisation sur des échantillons d’eau de forages. Les résultats ont montré que 90% des répondants utilisaient l’eau de forage pour la consommation, 76% déclaraient ne pas être satisfaits de la qualité de ces eaux et seulement 10% des ménages faisaient recours au traitement des eaux. Une proportion importante de ménages allant à 68% témoignaient avoir vécu les inondations, confirmant donc la vulnérabilité de la zone. Quant aux résultats des analyses bactériologiques, il ressort que la flore aérobie mésophile est présente dans tous les échantillons avec une forte présence dans l’échantillon EF1 à hauteur de 12000 UFC/mL. Les paramètres physico-chimiques révèlent que la majorité des eaux analysées ont un caractère acide surtout l’eau du forage EF6. La conductivité est remarquable dans deux forages notamment EF4 et EF6 avec des valeurs respectives de 1398 et 983 µS/cm, traduisant ainsi une forte charge minérale. La présence des ions nitrates est considérable dans EF4 et EF6 à de concentrations égales à 152 et 99,77 mg/L respectivement ; elle peut être source d’une pollution organique.

This study investigates the relationship between transformational leadership, organizational support, work environment, and remote worker performance within Somalia's banking sector. Using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) framework, the research explores the direct effects of these constructs on the performance of Remote Workers. Data were collected from 355 respondents and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal significant positive relationships between transformational leadership and organizational support and the work environment, emphasizing the role of leadership in fostering supportive organizational climates. Furthermore, organizational support and the work environment significantly enhanced remote worker performance, highlighting their importance as critical job resources. By expanding the JD-R framework, this study contributes to the theoretical understanding of leadership and organizational dynamics in remote work settings. It offers practical recommendations for optimizing remote worker performance in developing economies. These findings hold important implications for organizations seeking to adapt to the challenges of digital transformation and remote work in similarly resource-constrained contexts.