February 2022

This paper incorporates some of the research findings related to detection and effect of Geoelectromagnetic Field (GEF) is presented. The effect of GEF on various areas of built environment in general is elaborated and hypothesis of origin of GEF is discussed. It is to be seen that underground water is the main source which produced GEF. Such location is very harmful to human being as well as animals. However in-depth study to detect GEF and to study its effects is necessary

Free gingival grafts are widely used to treat gingival recession with inadequate attached gingiva in lower anterior teeth region. Although, it has got several disadvantages like poor colour match and donor site morbidity render it unsuitable for root coverage. Placement of free gingival graft continues to be the most anticipated method to increase the apico-coronal dimension of the keratinized mucosa. This article would highlight the efficacy and reliability of free gingival grafts in managing gingival recession in lower anterior teeth region.

The main purpose of the research was to establish the relationship between psychosocial factors and virtual teaching in conditions of social isolation, in university students in Lima. The research method was non-experimental, with a descriptive correlational design. For the statistical treatment of the data, the Pearson r correlation coefficient was applied. The study sample consisted of 80 university students of both sexes, between 18 and 25 years old. Two scales, elaborated by the authors, were applied to them, the same ones that were subjected to validation and reliability processes. The results indicated that there is a strong positive correlation between psychosocial aspects and virtual teaching, corroborated by an r = 0.777 obtained. It was concluded that in adequate psychosocial conditions, students adapt better to the virtual teaching modality in pandemic conditions by Covid 19.

Drug abuse is becoming increasingly problematic in Kenya. Studies done outside Vihiga and Sabatia Sub-counties have shown that students abuse drugs. The foremost concern was the number of these students that would form an addiction to serious substances, jeopardizing their own health and safety and creating difficulties for their families and the public at large. Preliminary survey in five schools revealed that students in Vihiga and Sabatia sub-counties were abusing drugs. In Vihiga and Sabatia sub-counties, cases of indiscipline had been experienced. For instance, 4(80%) were found doing examination under the influence of alcohol, 4(80%) stealing and 5(100%) students fighting. It was alleged that most of these incidences involved students who abused drugs. What was not known was the influence of drug abuse on student discipline in secondary schools in Vihiga county. The objective of the study was to establish the influence of drug abuse on student sexual harassment in secondary schools in Vihiga county. A conceptual framework showing influence of drug abuse on student sexual harassment in secondary schools was used to guide the study. The study established that with regard to influence of drug abuse on student sexual harassment principals' rating was moderate (M =3.04) while Guidanceand Counselling teachers' was high (M = 3.61). The findings of this study are useful to the managers of schools in Kenya in understanding the issues related to substance abuse among students in their schools and to come up with strategies to be used in addressing substance abuse related issues.

The concept of Teacher Performance Appraisal and Development (TPAD) policy was officially operational zed in Kenya in 2016 with the main aim of improving the performance of teachers and consequently, academic achievement of pupils. Despite the good intentions of TPAD, pupils’ performance in Kenya certificate of primary education in Ndhiwa Sub County has been low despite the operationalization of TPAD in 2016 with mean scores of 241.66 in 2016, 238.93 in 2017, and 238.65 in 2018 and 238.92 in 2019. This necessitated the current study which explored the perspectives on the effect of TPAD on teachers` performance. The objective of the study was to determine perspectives on the effect of TPAD on professional knowledge application in public primary schools in Ndhiwa Sub County. The study established that Teacher Performance Appraisal and development policy had moderate effect on teacher professional knowledge application. This is because it enhanced the following aspects of knowledge application. This included: maintenance and use of schemes of work in teaching, maintenance and use of lesson plans that guide teachers in effectively managing lessons during lesson presentations, teachers’ ability to set examinations for pupils which is undertaken regularly, preparation and use of marking schemes by teachers to the expected standards, teachers’ commitment to timely marking of pupils formative examinations which are regularly administered to learners, teachers’ commitment to giving timely feedback to pupils on their academic performance in terms of weaknesses and strengths, maintenance and use of record of work covered, maintenance and use of pupils’ progress records, teachers’ commitment to regularly updating of lesson notes relevant to teaching, teachers’ organization of individualized education programmes for pupils, teachers’ effectiveness in invigilating formative and summative examinations, teachers’ ability in identification of weak learners in time and assisting them in improving academically. These findings are important to stakeholders in education particularly, the Ministry of Education, Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development, Teachers Service Commission, Kenya National Examination Council and Boards of Management in informing policy formulation relating to teacher professional knowledge application which is always at the centre of curriculum development and implementation.

Introduction: Swine Flu is a respiratory tract infection from the hogs. This infection is a worldwide virus outbreak which can kill the human race. It has affected nearly 42,592 people and claimed over 2,990 lives in India. Methodology: An experimental study with Pre-test, Post-test Control group design was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of structured teaching programme (STP) on knowledge and attitude regarding prevention and control of swine flu (H1N1) among school students at selected school of Rajasthan. Simple Random Sampling technique was used to select 60samples through lottery method to receive STP. Structured knowledge questionnaire and Attitude Scale were the tools. Result: Study found a statistically significant (P 0.00003) increase in Post-test knowledge score 18.46,±2.04 of the experimental group from pre-test knowledge scores of 10.2, ±2.21.The mean post-test knowledge score of experimental group (18.46, ±2.04) was statistically significantly (P 0.0145) higher than the mean post-test knowledge scores of control group (18.46, ±2.04). In experimental group, mean post-test attitude score (57.16, ±6.69) increased statistically significant (P 0.0068) from mean pre-test attitude scores (46.36, ±5.69). Similarly the mean difference (10.1) between mean post-test attitude scores (57.16, ±6.69) of experimental group and control group (47.06, ±5.63) was statistically significant (P 0.0186). Correlation (r = 0.67) between post-test Knowledge and attitude scores of school students in experimental group were statistically significant (P 0.000051). Post test knowledge and attitude score was independent of demographic variables. Conclusion: The structured teaching programme was found effective to improve the knowledge and attitude of school students regarding prevention and control of swine flu. This suggests the importance of adopting health education strategies through various mass media regarding swine flu.

The annual world production of wheat is approximately 758 million tons. In Côte d'Ivoire, the quantity of wheat imported is more than 550 000 tons. Wheat thus occupies an important place in the Ivorian diet. However, its cultivation is struggling to take off in the country because of climatic conditions unfavorable to its productivity. A study was initiated with the main objective of evaluating the agronomic characteristics of five wheat accessions and their resilience to climate change in west-central Côte d'Ivoire. Five wheat accessions, including three from Morocco obtained in Marrakech (AM), Tanger (AT) and Safi (AS); two from Nigeria (AN) and Côte d'Ivoire (AC). A completely randomized design was used with pots. Three treatments (T0, T1, T2) were applied to the 5 different accessions. The seedlings were sown on the same day in 5 dm3 pots, filled with a substrate composed of soil and chicken droppings. The control pot (T0) was filled with 100% soil. T1 is filled with 20% chicken droppings for 80% soil. T2 was filled with 40% chicken droppings and 60% soil. The different organic manures of treatments T1 and T2 significantly increased the vegetative and production parameters of wheat. The effect of different treatments on grain production of wheat accessions showed significant difference with T2 treatment. Accession Nigeria had the highest number of spikes per plant (5.4) and spikelets per spike (27.5). It had the highest number of grains per spike (19.0). The highest grain filling rate (74.6%) of wheat was also observed with the same accession Nigeria for the same treatment T2. The effect of different treatments on grain production of wheat accessions was very highly significant (p<0.001). Of the five accessions evaluated (AM, AT, AS, AN and AC), only the AN accession was the most productive.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) has many risk factors that lead to its diagnosis in premenopause and more common in postmenopause; most of these factors are modifiable; including anthropometric factors and reproductive factors. Objectives: To assess knowledge and its associated factors among physicians in primary healthcare settings in Makkah city about the modifiable risk factors of breast cancer. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Makkah Al-Mukarmah city, western area of Saudi Arabia among a sample of primary healthcare physicians working at the PHC centers, belonging to the internal PHC sectors inside the city. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized in the present study. It includes two main sections; background information of the physicians and assessing the knowledge of the participants regarding modifiable risk factors for breast cancer (Contraceptive history, obesity/physical activity, smoking and diet). Results: A total of 150 primary healthcare physicians have participated in the study. More than half of them (58.7%) aged between 20 and 30 years, and 56% were females. The knowledge score ranged between 16 and 30 with a mean±SD of 23.71±3.16. Almost two-thirds of the physicians (68%) had high level of knowledge. Among studied sociodemographic factors, only the degree of job of the participants was significantly associated with knowledge level about BC as the highest score was observed among residents (25.46±1.98) and the lowest among general practitioners (22.27±3.39), p<0.001. Conclusion: most of primary healthcare physicians in Makkah had good level of knowledge regarding breast cancer modifiable risk factors, resident physicians. Their main source of information was the Internet, followed by books and guidelines.

Background and Objectives: The annual incidence of diabetic foot ulcer in diabetic patients is known to be about 2% to 5% and the lifetime risk ranges from 15% to 20%. The main objective of this studyis to determine the most prevalent pathogens involved in diabetic foot ulcers and its antibiotic susceptibility. The predominant organism related to the different Wagner grades were also assessed as part of this study. Methods: The present study was a hospital-based descriptive study conducted on patients admitted with diabetic foot in the department of General Surgery at Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala during the period from August 2019 to July 2020. Tissue or swab culture was taken from the ulcer and the antibiotic sensitivity was tested by Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test. Results: At the time of presentation more than 50% of ulcers were of Wagner’s grade II and III. The predominant organism isolated from diabetic foot infections were Klebsiella (32.98%) followed by Pseudomonas (24.47%). Multi-drug resistance was seen in 12 out of 62 samples that yielded Klebsiella, 2 out of 46 samples that yielded Pseudomonas, 4 out of 22 samples that yielded E. Coli and MRSA was seen in 8 out of 22 samples that yielded Staph. Aureus. Discussion and Conclusions: The predominant organisms isolated were Klebsiella and Pseudomonas species and were mostly sensitive to Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin. Hence it is advisable to start patients on empirical therapy with these drugs for better outcome. Proper assessment of ulcer and targeted antibiotics against these organisms can aid in early healing and avoidance of diabetic foot related complications.

The binding energy and dissociation energy of fourteen first and second row diatomic molecules (twelve hydride molecules and two hydrogen halide molecules) have been computed using Börn-Mayer, Gaussian, Woodcock and Logarithmic (L_5) potential models. The Woodcock and Logarithmic models are also used to compute the electron affinity of halogen atoms and hydrogen atom. The estimated values are compared with the experimental findings. The Logarithmic (L_5) and Woodcock models provide the better results in comparison to other proposed models.

Studies worldwide have established that parents have significant influence on their children’s academic performance. Studies in some parts of Kenya have indicated that parental factors like income level, parental age, and parental marital status do influence students’ academic performance. Notwithstanding these assertions, students’ academic performance in Homa Bay Sub county had been relatively lower for the last three years as follows, 2016-2018 respectively; Rangwe 3.6278; 3.4647 and 5.0251, Rachuonyo South 3.6265; 3.3311 and 4.6163, Rachuonyo East 3.7384; 3.4940 and 4.6372 and Homa Bay Town3.8197; 4.2920 and 4.4860. The objective of this study was to establish the influence of parental occupation on student academic performance in public secondary schools in Homa Bay Sub County, Kenya. A conceptual framework based on Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory showing the relationship between the independent (Parental influence) and dependent variable (Academic performance) was used to guide the study. The study established that parental occupation highly influenced students’ academic performance with a mean rating of 3.55. It is therefore recommended that parents should serve as good role models to their children in their respective occupations so as positively influence students’ academic performance. Schools should also strengthen surrogate parenting in schools to help students find the good role models in their teachers. The findings of this study are significant to the Ministry of Education, Teachers Service Commission, teachers and parents in formulation of guidelines involving parental occupation in enhancement of student academic performance in secondary schools.

Background: As a result of Covid-19 pandemic, doctors across the kingdom of Saudi Arabia were recruited to provide their services to cover hospitals and quarantine facilities. This recruitment included residents from local training programs. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, preparedness and impact of COVID-19 pandemic among family medicine residents in Makkah 2020. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia among all joint program of family medicine resident physicians, levels two, three and four on September 2020 (n=120). A self-administered electronic questionnaire was used in this study. It includes sociodemographic data, COVID-19 knowledge related questions, questions regarding basic Infection control skills and the overall impact of this pandemic on resident well-being. Results: A total of 104 family Medicine residents participated in the study out of targeted 120 with a response rate of 86.7%. Most of them (75%) aged below 30 years. The total Covid-19 knowledge score ranged between 0 and 7. It was abnormally distributed (p-value of Shapiro-Wilk test was<0.001). The median and interquartile range (IQR) were 5 (4-5). Females were more knowledgeable about Covid-19 pandemic than males, p=0.047. Majority of the family medicine residents reported receiving of COVID-19 vaccine (98.1%), formal training for hand hygiene in the last two years and on wearing and removing personal protective equipments (94.2%), and participated in COVID-19 duty (92.3%). 14.4% of the residents tested positive for Covid-19 whereas 12.5% did not perform the test. Majority of them (85.6%) thought the lockdown has negatively affected their family medicine training and theoretical learning/classroom training (78.8%). Almost half (51.9) of physicians mentioned that their exam result was negatively affected by the pandemic. Most of them (72.1%) thought that the COVID-19 lockdown has increased their stress levels. Conclusion: Overall, knowledge of family medicine residents in Makkah, Saudi Arabia about Covid-19 pandemic was satisfactory; they were adequately prepared for the Covid-19 pandemic. However, majority of them thought the Covid-19 lockdown has negatively affected their family medicine training and theoretical learning/classroom training.

This case report focuses on the use of a minimally invasive transbuccal method in open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular angle fractures, as well as the limits and benefits of doing so. It entails a mix of transbuccal and intraoral techniques. Following reduction, the mandibular angle fracture was fixed transbuccally using a needle cap for drilling and miniplate fixation. With this approach, adequate reduction and firm fixation were obtained with less intraoperative time. The transbuccal method is a minimally invasive, cosmetic, and better alternative to the extraoral approach for rigid internal fixation of mandibular fractures, with a very low complication rate 1.

Synchronousmultiplecolorectal cancers are defined as multiple malignant tumors of the colon and rectum, occur simultaneously, are distant from each other and are not a result of metastasis. We present a case of a 76 years old male who was admitted to our hospital complaining of diffuse, mild abdominal pain started a month ago, associated with diarrhea, fatigue and body weight loss. Computer tomography revealed a mass at the splenic flexure. Colonoscopy confirmed the finding of the tumor at the splenic flexure obstructing the lumen of the colon, not allowing the examination to be completed. Furthermore, a second tumor was found at the boundary between descending and sigmoid colon, narrowing the lumen at approximately 75%. Virtual colonography under CT reconstruction illustrated the previous two lesions and revealed an additionally mass at the hepatic flexure. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy the day after and all the above findings were confirmed intraoperatively for which he received a successful extended colectomy.

Marketing refers to company activities to market the buying or selling of a product or service. Marketing involves advertising, selling, and delivering products to consumers or other businesses. Some marketing is completed by affiliates on behalf of a company. Very often the success or failure of a corporation may be a direct result of an efficient or not so effective marketing strategy. Therefore, choosing a marketing strategy that matches the corporate product is of important importance. At its most initials, marketing seeks to match a company's products and services to customers who want access to those products. The matching of product to customer ultimately eventually ensures profitability. Technology is revolutionizing how consumers shop. Every retail marketer must be prepared to regulate their marketing and customer experience strategies consistent with the newest trends while gearing up for upcoming developments. The Internet marketing plan will help define specific e-marketing objectives and develop strategies to make sure that resources are deployed to require advantage of the marketing opportunities provided by the web and to counter its threats. The study is through all the variety of marketing corners from content and social marketing to marketing technology, analytics and organizational transformation, to find and establish the ultimate summary for marketing trends. This study tries to know about current trends of digital marketing, awareness levels of consumers on digital marketing in Visakhapatnam city. Interest and curiosity to gain more knowledge in the field of digital marketing have been the main ground for selecting the topic of digital marketing for the research purpose.

The right to education is globally acknowledged as a basic human right. Education is regarded as the primary vehicle by which economically and socially marginalized persons can break vicious cycle of poverty. In Kenya, the right to education is provided for in article 53(b) of Kenya Constitution, which advocates for the right to free and compulsory basic education for every child. Article 54 of the Constitution of Kenya emphasizes the need to enhance education for persons with disabilities. The Government of Kenya recognizes the importance of Special Needs Education as a crucial sub sector for accelerating the attainment of Education For All, Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals. The objective of the study was to establish teacher based opportunities and challenges influencing education for the mentally challenged learners. The study established that teacher-based opportunities influencing education for the mentally challenged learners are: qualified teachers, teacher’s attitude, special school allowance for teachers, teacher-pupil ratio, teachers’ skill, motivation, gender and teachers’ experience. Teacher-based challenges include: level of retardation of learners, availability of qualified teachers, teacher’s attitude, special school allowance for teachers, teacher-pupil ratio, teachers’ skill, motivation, teachers’ experience. It was concluded that learners are accorded various opportunities to participate in learning but there was an array of challenges too. The study recommended that school management and the ministry of education should establish strategies to ensure that learners and teachers are motivated and facilitated to foster quality education for the mentally challenged. This information is valuable to policy makers with regard to promotion of special education in Kenya.

The Philippine educational system currently follows the K to 12 Program, covering ten years of basic education and two years of Senior High School (S.H.S.). During the last two years of this program, students have to select a specific strand that will aid in preparation for higher education. However, it is not always that the students’ chosen strand will align with their college course. This qualitative paper uses a phenomenological research design to answer the question "How do Filipino college students adapt to the challenges of strand mismatch?" and to raise awareness of the lived experiences of these college students. The set of data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and was analyzed using inductive reasoning in theme development. Four themes were extracted from the verbal musings of the participants. These are: (1) Crucial Circumstances which include Decisive Factors, Restrictive Hindrances, and Reflective Insights; (2) Receptive Response which encompasses Social Support, Exerted Effort, and Adaptive Action; (3) Individual Impact which pertains to Personal Convenience, Relational Indifference, and Emotional Encumbrance; and (4) Acquired Abilities which involve Cognitive Capacity, Progressive Proficiency, and Environmental Expertise. While strand mismatch has made college transition more challenging for most students, there is no fixed way of coping with it. The study reveals that strand mismatch has opened a door of opportunities for personal growth and development amongst college students after facing the adversities that came along with this experience. The researchers recommend further exploration of the perspective of college students who have taken non-academic strands and are also experiencing strand mismatch, the implementation of mixed methods research design to reinforce further the study results, and the impact of strand mismatch to outcome-based education (OBE).

Stenosing tenosynovitis or trigger finger is a common cause of hand pain and disability.Its prevalence is higher in the diabetic population. The mainstay of treatment consists ofsurgical release of the A1 pulley, either open or percutaneous. The present study attempts to compare the outcomes and complications of conventional open versus percutaneous release, in patients with diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: In total, 69 patients (69 digits) withchronic diabetes mellitus (38 insulin- dependent and 31 non-insulin dependents, with an average age 48 years old) were treated for trigger finger between 2014-2019). The mean duration of symptoms was 6 months. All patients had failed conservative treatment. The digits were graded accordingto severity of symptomsby using the Quinnel classification. There were 22 grade IIfingers(31,9%), 28 grade III fingers (40,6%), and 19grade IV fingers (27,5%) [8 locked in extension and 11 in flexion]. Thirty-seven patients were treated with the open technique and 32 with the percutaneous technique. Postoperatively, the patients received follow-up visits at 2 weeks and 6 months. Results: The outcome was assessed using the questionnaire of Gilberts and Wereldsma and documenting the complications and satisfaction rate. The overall complication rate was 16.2% in the open technique group and 15.6% in the percutaneous group, with the most commoncomplications in both groups being postoperative pain on the surgical site. In the open technique group, 21 patients were very satisfied patients after treatment (56.76%), 13 were satisfied (35.14%) and 3 patients (8.1%) were unsatisfied with the surgical result. Inthe percutaneous technique group, there were 19 very satisfied patients (59.37%), 11 satisfied (34.37%), and 2 dissatisfied (6.26%). Conclusion: This study highlighted the effectiveness of both techniques; however, the percutaneous technique has the advantages of lower cost and the avoidance of wound complications.

The novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has now spread to over 222 countries and territories. The ever-growing list of patients with corona virus-19 disease (Covid19) has demonstrated the high rate of transmission among humans. To avoid or survive a Covid-19 pandemic, one will need a lot of good immunity. Ayurveda explains to us how to evolve our physiological responses in order to strengthen our immune system. In Ayurveda, the preventive aspects of pandemic situations are defined in sufficient details. They must be researched scientifically and fine-tuned for precision. As prevention is always better than cure, the Ayurveda ways can be considered for future strategies to avoid pandemics such as Covid-19. Ayurveda has described many herbal and compound drugs for improving the immunity like single herbs guduchi, marich, ashwagandha, yashthimadhu, rasona and compound medicines like chyawanprasa, chitraka haritaki, agastya haritaki rasayana, giloy ghanvati, kanakasava, kantakary avaleha, haridra etc. In this pandemic scenario, this conceptual study shows how immunity can be strengthened as a preventive and curative measure.

Bochdalek Hernia (BH) is a rare variety of Diaphragmatic hernia. It’s non- specific presentation delays its diagnosis and makes patient vulnerable to potential risk of complications. The presenting symptoms include Abdominal, 62 percent, Respiratory, 40 percent, Obstructive (vomiting/abdominal distension) 36 percent, Strangulation, 26 percent; 14 percent of them are asymptomatic. They are managed by surgical intervention; surgical approach involves laparotomy, thoracotomy, and combined thoraco-abdominal approach. However, Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy have yielded promising results and better short term outcome. Here in, we present a case report of 25 yr old man presenting with intestinal obstruction without any chest symptoms managed successfully with Laparoscopic repair and mesh placement with a good result and short hospital stay associated with minimal morbidity and mortality.

Background: In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 to be a pandemic. Since then, studies have demonstrated the potential of this virus to cause changes in the central nervous system and psychiatric symptoms. Some reports associating the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection and manic symptoms have been published. Objective: Present the characteristics of manic syndrome after the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection and provide ways to better prevent risks and identify this syndrome. Methods: Data from multiple sources of information, including reviews of medical records, direct examinations of the subjects and interviews with patients and their families, were collected and analyzed. Results: Six cases of Covid-19 infection with a first manic episode and no previous psychiatric history were reported. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that for mild symptomatic cases, the use of corticosteroids should be disregarded due to the risk of inducing a manic episode. The use of anticoagulation in severe conditions is reinforced by the finding of microlesions of probable microvascular etiology in one of the patients. All patients in the study had psychotic symptoms with symptom onset within the first 30 days of infection.

Objective: Alliumcepa is often used in traditional African medicine for the management ofmany pathologies. Therefore, our objective was to study the anti-histaminic effect of the aqueous extract of Alliumcepa in mice. Material and Methods: Allergy was previously induced in mice by administration of an allergic solution (0.15 ml egg white, 0.05 ml maalox and 0.05 ml NaCl) intraperitoneally. The antiallergic effect of the Total Aqueous Extract (TEA) of Alliumcepa leaves was evaluated by observing the number of scratching in allergic mice treated orally with different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight) of this extract. Results: The phytochemical study revealed the presence of polyterpenes, sterols, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, quinone and alkaloids but also the absence of saponosides. The acute toxicity study at the single dose of 2000mg/kg CP orally revealed that the aqueous extract of Alliumcepa is not toxic and would have an oral LD 50 greater than or equal to 5000mg/kg CP. After oral administration of the extarit, we observe a reduction in the number of scratching in allergic mice. Conclusion: These results show that Alliumcepa bulbs have an anti-allergic activity, which would justify its use in African traditional medicine to prevent or treat allergy.

Background: According to the WHO-2020, a quarter of the world’s population will suffer from a mental disorder due to substance abuse are projected to account for 15 % of the global disease burden. AUDs can be categorized as harmful use, hazardous use or dependence. Depressive and anxiety disorders as well as alcohol use disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders in the general population that alarming as these disorders have a serious impact on a person’s physical, social and occupational functioning and constitute a large economic burden to society. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care hospital in Department of Psychiatry. 90 Patients diagnosed with AUD andtheir 90companion who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in study. Participants were subjected to social-demographic details, alcohol consumption details, AUDIT, HAM-D and HAM-A. Results: Of 90 AUD patients, 5(5.6%)-low, 14(15.6%)-medium, 42(46.7%)-high and 29(32.2%)-veryhigh AUDIT score. In AUD patients 27(30%) were depressed and 27(30%) were anxious & suggests that possible association with demographic variables(age, occupation and age of onset) and depression & with demographic variables(age, SEC and age of onset) and anxiety.In Companion, 21(23.3%) were depressed and 8(8.89%) were anxious & suggests that possible association with demographic variables(education, occupation,social economical status and duration of living with AUD patient) and depression with demographic variables(education, occupation, SEC and duration of living) and anxiety. Conclusion: This study indicated that AUD patients showed severe levels of depression and moderate levels of anxiety & companion had severe levels of depression and moderate levels of anxiety.

The use of a tacheometer (total station) during precision surveying makes it possible to combine the altimetry and planimetric components for the rapid execution of the work. Tacheometers offer the advantage of defining with enough precision the position of the points in the plane. But for a comparison of the altimetry component to the results of a direct leveling it is desirable to take into account certain factors in order to improve the accuracy of the measurements. The evolution of technology gives the possibility not only to carry out certain works quickly but also with the necessary precision. The tacheometer makes it possible to make a tacheometric survey (detail survey) simultaneously in planimetry and altimetry. This avoids performing this task first with the theodolite for the planimetric component and then with the level for the altimeter component. The section of the railway adjaha crossroads "Commune of Cotonou" – Pahou crossroads "Commune of Ouidah" was chosen in order to be able to compare the results of the measurements on different ranges. The fieldwork was divided into two stages. The first is based on the use of theodolite for planimetric measurements and the level for altimetry. For the second phase the tacheometer was used for a combination of the two measurements (altimetry and planimetry). For ranges greater than 150m it is recommended to evaluate the joint influence of refraction and curvature of the earth in order to improve the altimetry component of the measurement.). The study focuses on the methodology and content of geodetic engineering work on railways (Carrefour Adjaha – Carrefour Pahou). It gives an analysis of existing methods and describes the characteristics of the work using electronic tacheometers.

The generalized data of publications on coronavirus infection in children, including neonatal and subsequent age periods, are presented in the review. Children are less likely to get sick than adults, but they are more often asymptomatic carriers of infection. The similarities and differences in the course of infection in adults and children are shown. A rarer incidence and a mild course of infection can be associated with the peculiarities of the activity of the immune system in children due to frequent age-related vaccinations and more frequent "contact infections". In addition, the difference in the expression sites of the APF2 receptor may play a role, facilitating the penetration of the pathogen of CoV-19 into the cell (in children - in the intestine, in adults - in the respiratory tract). Children develop gastrointestinal tract pathology more often than adults when infected with SARS CoV-2, typical and atypical manifestations of Kawasaki disease are found. The main recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on the treatment and prevention of coronavirus infection are presented.

The synthesis, spectral analysis and biological activities of 5-phenyl-2- hydroxy-chlorosubstituted-2-amino-1,3 thiazoles have been carried out. In this case 5- (2’-hydroxy-3’,5’-dichlorophenyl)-4-(heptan-1-one)-2-phenyl amino-1,3-thiazole (K) has been screened. The compound K was synthesized from 1-(2’-hydroxy-3’,5’- dichlorophenyl)-2-bromo-1,3-nonanedione (a4) by the action of phenylthiourea. The nanoparticles of the compound K has been prepared by using ultrasonic technique. The titled compound and its nanoparticles were assayed for antipathogenic impact against some common crop pathogens viz - Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas lachrymans, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani.

WHO defines disaster as a sudden ecological phenomenon of sufficient magnitude to require external assistance; thus they have a greater impact on habitat, usually changing the landscape of an area. Disaster management deals with the human, material, economic or environmental impacts of said disaster in the form of grim distraction to the operative part of a community that surpasses its capability to cope with. Disasters affect the substantial numbers of people who are exposed to life-threatening events to which they are susceptible, causing injury and loss of life, frequently pooled with destruction to property and livelihoods. Hazards brings about the emergency situation leading disastrous impact cannot be controlled but their impacts may be reduced. The present study is based on descriptive research analysis of disaster management with the help of published material on the subject matter as well as religious text especially Islamic treatise Holy Quran and Hadith. It also aims to explore the role of religious thoughts and public opinion based these established religious opinions to manage these disasters. The study reveals that the religious knowledge and are not solely responsible to control the though making process and have limitations as compared to scientific explanations pertaining to the genesis and warning of occurrence of disasters, however these religious writings and explanations can be of much importance to provide the strong base to the scientists for further exploration. It has also been revealed that all kinds of occurrence of natural disasters have hidden scientific systems to be reconnoitred. The most important components being the preparedness followed by response, recovery and rehabilitation would be optimally and rationally managed with the inspiration and inducement of religious leaders, institutions and organisations irrespective of their location. It is suggested that the society and community should be prepared in such a way that can represent the resilience whether using top-to-bottom or bottom-to-top approach in dealing with the impact on these natural disasters considering an integrated approach keeping in view the knowledge and expertise of local indigenous traditions, perception, rituals, religious education besides government policies and framework to entrust with the scientific temperament of the subject matter.