November 2021

Background: Teachers are a high-priority group because they are role models for pupils and influential members of society. Teaching is a difficult and stressful career, and instructors experience stress when the demands of the circumstance surpass their abilities to deal with them. School teachers are consistently burden by excessive workload. They may feel burdened or intimidated, and as a result some teacher may resort to protests probably due to excessive stress. Coping as the behavioral and cognitive efforts a person uses to manage the demands of a stressful situation. Coping resources allow a person to deal with stresses more effectively, lessen the severity of symptoms, and recover from exposure more quickly. Life skills are important for the promotion of the health and well‑being of children and adolescents and to develop knowledge, positive attitude, and values to lead a healthy life in future. Objectives •To assess the level of stress and coping among school teachers •To evaluate the effectiveness of life skill training on stress and coping among school teachers •To associate the level of stress and coping with the selected demographic variables Materials and methods: Quasi experimental research design with one group pre-test and post-test was adopted. Sixty three school teachers were selected by using stratified cluster random sampling technique. The data was collected and pre-test data collection was done by using Perceived Stress Scale(r =0.937) and brief COPE Scale ( r =0.911 ) to interview method. 63 subjects were divided into two groups and life skill training was given for the duration of 45 min twice a week for 10 days and the post test was conducted. The data were analyzed in terms of both descriptive and inferential statistics by using paired t- test and Chi-square test. Results and discussion: The study showed that the post-test level of stress of teachers mean score (10.78) are significantly less than the pre-test level of stress (mean score (18.1). And the post-test level of coping mean scores (63.78) are significantly less than the pre-test level of coping mean scores (59.17) by using paired t - test (4.272). This study reveals that life skill training has highly statistical significance in reduction of stress and coping among teachers at P-value <0.001. Conclusion: Thus, this study proves that Life skill training was effective in reduction of stress and coping among teachers.

Covid-19 disease is a fatal viral respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A wide range of clinical findings are seen, from asymptomatic to death. Therefore, it has been observed that empirical antibiotics were frequently used in hospitalizations due to secondary coinfection concerns. The data of 1186 hospitalized patients were analyzed retrospectively.4 groups(30 patients per group) consisting of a total of 120 patients were formed homogeneously. All patients who fulfilled the criteria(Covid PCR test positive, diagnosed with pneumonia, treated with Favipiravir, normal white blood cell and neutrophil, didn’t have bacterial infection, didn’t receive anti-inflammatory and steroid-derived drug) were included in the study. Data of all patients (age, gender, comorbidity, laboratory parameters, tomography reports, antibiotic and other drugs, need for intensive care and mortality) were evaluated retrospectively. The first group was levofloxacin, the second group combination of levofloxacin and ceftriaxone, the third group combination of levofloxacin and piperacillin tazobactam, and the fourth group combination of levofloxacin and meropenem. Combination treatment with levofloxacin ceftriaxone and levofloxacin meropenem is more effective in patients with comorbidities. Levofloxacin meropenem or levofloxacin ceftriaxone treatment in patients with interstitial pneumonia and levofloxacin or levofloxacin piperacillin tazobactam treatment in patients with lobular pneumonia is more effective.Levofloxacin ceftriaxone treatment is more effective on the decrease in CRP value,but there is no statistically significant difference between all treatments (p<0.05). Levofloxacin decreases hospital stay more than levofloxacin meropenem. Levofloxacin ceftriaxone decrease hospital stay more than levofloxacin piperacillin tazobactam and levofloxacin meropenem (p<0.05).There is no statistically significant difference between levofloxacin and levofloxacin ceftriaxone as length of hospital stay. Treatment cost sare have been found as levofloxacin

Bhīm Rao Ambedkar was a reformer, he changed the society by his thoughts. In this paper has described the efforts to change the life of people and briefly study how he changed his own life and how many efforts he made. B.R Ambedkar faced many challenges by society for brought changes .He made many attempts for uplifting the society. His efforts for liberal societies are uncountable. Briefly read about the attempts made by him for the welfare of Indian society also.

Water is renewable resource occurs in three forms viz, Liquid, solid, vapor (gaseous), all these tree forms of water are extremely useful to man. No life can exist without water. Since, water is an essential for life as like that of air, it has been estimated that in the human body two-third portion is constituted by water. The water is not only essential for survival of human beings, but also for animals, plants and other living beings. The present study is attempted to identify the groundwater contamination zones using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Using sequential by preparing of thematic maps like EC, pH, Ca and TDS maps managing these GIS layers in Geo-database and assigning weightages based on the correlative factors that appear to be important in holding / processing of recharge of water and ground water contamination content. This study helped to delineate the part have been classified as high contamination zones.

Methodology: The study was conducted in the Post graduate department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Lalla Ded Hospital, GMC Srinagar, a tertiary care centre over a period of 18 months. 100 caesarean sections performed on 100 female subjects in second stage of labor were included in this study based on inclusion criteria. Data Collection: Obstetrical, maternal and fetal baseline criteria and outcomes were recorded and compared.All the cases, that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were analyzed in terms of indications, instrumentation before caesarean section; intra operative complications like hematuria, uterine incision extension, lower uterine segment tear, atonic PPH; postoperative complications like febrile illness, wound infection; and neonatal morbidity and mortality by way of NICU admission, APGAR score, neonatal sepsis and stay in the hospital. Results The mean maternal age at presentation was 24.66 (± 3.42) years with the range from 17 to 35 years. Maximum number of cases were seen between the age group of 20-25 years (58; 58 %), followed by 25-30 years (28; 28%).Out of 100 pregnancies, 74 were primigravida and 26 were multigravida pregnancies.The gestational age was between 37-39 weeks in 94 deliveries and only 6 deliveries were above 40 weeks. The mean gestational age was 37.94 ± 1.03 weeks. Majority of patients belonged to Low Socioeconomic group (64; 64%) followed by Middle Socioeconomic group (34; 34%). Conclusion: Caesarean section in the second stage of labor is a challenging operation with distortion of pelvic anatomy and a fetal head that is often deeply impacted in the maternal pelvis. So, proper fetal and pelvic assessment should be done to assess the potential impact of the fetus on the characteristics of the labor and every attempt should be made to avoid second stage caesarean section, if possible. When faced with difficult decisions relating to the management, a second opinion from a senior obstetrician should be sought. If second stage caesarean section is unavoidable, a multidisciplinary approach should be followed involving a senior anaesthetist, a senior obstetrician and a neonatologist

Kenyan schools have continued to experience insecurity for many years. The most remarkable one is the Kyanguli High School fire tragedy case in which 67 students perished in the year 2001. This led to formulation of safety standards manual for schools in Kenya in 2008. Despite the existence of school safety standards since 2008, cases of student’s tragedies in schools as a result of insecurity have continued to be reported more so in boarding schools. For instance, in Rangwe Sub-county, Kenya between 2012 and 2018, eight students lost their lives in a Girls Boarding Primary School while, properties of unknown value were burnt down when fierce fires gutted down dormitories at a girl’s secondary school and a boy’s secondary school. In another instance, a 17-year-old student was arrested after he was found with a gun in school at a boy’s secondary school. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of financial resources on implementation of school safety standards in boarding schools in Rangwe sub-county. The study established that financial resources accounted for 33% of the variation in the implementation of safety standards in boarding schools in Rangwe Sub-county. This means that financial resources enhanced the implementation of school safety standards in boarding school in Rangwe sub-county. The study concluded that financial resources influenced the implementation of safety standards in boarding schools in Rangwe Sub-county. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that school Boards of Management should allocate sufficient funds for implementation of safety standards in schools. The study is significant to educational managers by enhancing their understanding of factors which shape the implementation of safety standards in boarding schools. It also forms baseline information for future research in related areas.

The study examining a comparative study of frustration among adolescents of working and non-working mothers. The random sampling technique was used. The sample of the study was 200 adolescents (100 boys and 100 girls).the quantitative analysis technique was used to collect the data. The tool used in the investigation was Reaction to frustration scale by Dr. B.M. Dixit and Late D.N. Srivastava (2011). The result shows there is significant difference between frustration of adolescents of working and non-working mothers. The result reveals that there significant difference between frustration of adolescent boys of working and non-working mothers. The result shows there is significant difference between mean scores of adolescent girls of working and non-working mothers on frustration. Teachers, administrators and counselors should be sensitized about the level of frustration and coping strategies of children of working mothers so that they would take proper measures for planning, counseling intervention for them.

A study to assess the on “Effectiveness of debate programme on futuristic nursing Among 4th Year B.sc Students in selected nursing college Tirupati AP, India.” was under taken by M.Sc (N), in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science, College of Nursing, SVIMS University, Tirupati during the year 2019-2021. Objectives of the Study: • To assess the level of knowledge on futuristic nursing among 4th year B.Sc. Nursing students • To assess the effectiveness of debate among 4th year B.Sc. Nursing students • To find out the association between level of knowledge among 4th year B.Sc. Nursing students regarding futuristic nursing with their selected socio-demographic variables. Methodology: By using Non-Probability Convenient sampling technique, a pre experimental research design was adopted, 50 B.Sc. (N) 4th year students were taken as a samples. Data collection was done by using a self-structured questionnaire. Results: the results revealed that out of 50 nursing student pre test shows majority 33 (66%) had inadequate knowledge, 17(34.%) had moderate knowledge and only 0(0%)students had adequate knowledge. And in post test shows 5(10%) students had inadequate knowledge, 21 (42%) had moderate knowledge and only 24(48%) had adequate knowledge on futuristic nursing. the association between socio demographic variables and level of knowledge of B.Sc Nursing students in pre test, in which type of family shows significant relationship at p<0.02 level. the association between socio demographic variables and level of knowledge of B.Sc Nursing students in post test, there was a significant association such as age, religion ,residence and type of family p<0.001 level. Conclusion: It was concluded that knowledge of futuristic nursing among nursing students was adequate. So, there is a need to educate the nursing students to increase awareness about futuristic nursing. Administration policies should allow for conducting training, workshops for nurses regarding futuristic nursing and its application in the field of nursing. Utilization of research findings in the practice has to be encouraged

Objective: The objective of the study is to identify the gaps, highlight those areas where delay in discharge of inpatients can be eliminated and recommend accordingly, so that the hospital discharge process can be managed smoothly. Methods: A prospective observational study, with data of patients admitted in medical and surgical departments was conducted in a convenient sample of 280 inpatients and the quick changeover approach, also known as the single-minute exchange of die (SMED), was selected as it aims at increasing productivity by reducing waiting times and unused human talent. The data was collected and analyzed from August 2021 to October 2021 at tertiary care teaching Hospital. Results: The average time taken for 32% of patients discharge is 8-10 hrs, 26 % of patients is 6-8 hrs, 20% of patients is 4-6 hrs, 16% of patients is more than 10 hrs and 6% of patients is 2-4 hrs. Using Ishikawa diagram, the possible causes of delayed discharges are illustrated. Showing Pareto chart, the reasons contributing for delay in discharge process, it highlights the credit, billing and patient factor in delay of discharge. Showing 20% of delay in vacating causes 80 % of delay in bed allotment. After the process diagnosis and data collection, the quick changeover approach is conducted before and after the implementation. Conclusion: The delays were mainly related to processes that could be improved by lean intervention. Orienting the hospital settings with measures to prevent causes and implement changes to decrease the effect of delayed discharge process. Thus, interventions should be developed to reduce overcrowding, for higher availability of hospital beds and to improve patient satisfaction.

A survey was conducted across 14 districts of Kerala based on structured questionnaire with an objective of performance of greenhouses maintained by Kerala farmers. Using stratified random sampling 11 farmers were selected randomly from each district and collected the details regarding the problems of greenhouse cultivation, cleaning interval of cladding material, variation of yield with increasing age of cladding material, cost required for cleaning etc. by personal interview method. Details were analyzed using spss 16.0 software.Failure of greenhouses in Kerala is due to aging of cladding material (44.16%), both aging of cladding material and decrease of soilfertility (28.57%), both aging of cladding material and fungal/insect attack (12.34%), aging of cladding material and maintenance problems (9.74%), both aging of cladding material and structural problems like shape, apron length (3.25%). Remedial measures to improve the crop performance inside the greenhouse are intermittent cleaning of cladding material to reduce aging effect of cladding sheet, adopt soil management practices like soil fumigation to improve the soil fertility inside the greenhouse, along with rectifying structural problems design elements have to modify.

The new inventions in technology lead to more power consumption by more number of nonlinear loads, which in turn effecting the quality of power transmitted. The power transmitted in a line is needed to be of high quality. The flow of power basically depends on the line impedance, sending end and receiving end voltage magnitudes. Nonlinear loads create harmonic currents which in turn creates system resonance, capacitor overloading, decrease in efficiency, voltage magnitude changes. The simulation results show that FACTS devices improve the system stability; furthermore, the SSSC-based stabilizer provides a better effectiveness on damping power system oscillation.

Power system has made a stunning entrance to the market.. The structured power systems has effected by different kinds of problems. Whether system stability problems or Power Quality issues, these issues need solving. Classically passive filters were used but nowadays active filters such as Static Var Compensator (SVC) has been chosen for the task. SVC is a device that regulates the voltage level or the reactive power in the system. It is used to maintain voltage stability, enlargement of critical clearing time. In this paper Simulation has been done with one example.

The present study shows the seasonal and spatial changes in physic-chemical parameters of water. The study was carried out for a period of one year from July 2016-June 2021. Sampling stations were established to keep in mind cover whole water body. Some of water parameters were analyzed at the time of sampling while some of the analyzed in laboratory by using appropriate method. Some physic-chemical parameters of water fluctuated form permissible limit. Poor quality of water is affected primary productivity, aquatic fauna and flora.

If we consider on cultural aspect of ancient Indian history, we can say that kushana period is very relevant for it’s marvelous women sculptures. We found many types of women sculptures in this period, auspicious women figure is major part of this catalogue. With flow of time in Indian History there came numerous variations and developments in art forms and tradition, enriching Indian culture and aesthetics. In Kushana period of early ancient Indian history such enrichments in art and sculptures can be witnessed by a close look on women sculptures of the period. In each dynasty women’s representation through sculptures is remarkable and appreciable. It is a well known fact that in Shunga-Satavahana period art forms were based on pre determined parameters leaving limited scope for any deviation. With the beginning of Kushana period specially in northern India sculptures began to be created with new flow of thoughts. Thus like other forms of art, in sculptures also far reaching revolutionary changes took place that took art of that time out of strict discipline of well defined parameters giving it a relatively more open and liberal perspective and integument. Since Kanishka , the most revered king of Kushana dynasty, played decisive role in establishment and spread of Mahayana sect of Buddhist religion, the first depiction of Mahatma Buddha sculpture emerged under his patronage. His regime provided favorable environment for such sculptures. These factors encouraged Indian artisans to develop their creativity without any restraint, because of this there is an advent of a golden age of sculpture which was pioneered by Mathura school of art . with extremely beautiful and refined pieces of sculptures it filled entire north India with marvelous artifacts.

With the arrival of an unanticipated and unprecedented situation of COVID-19 several things underwent major changes which include the education sector as well. The entire educational activities have been shifted to the online mode with a number of changes in the teaching-learning processes. Along with its advantages this sudden change has brought in a number of challenges with it. But those advantages and challenges differ from person to person and from one course to the other. The teacher education is one of those courses which has significant applied component in it. The practice component plays a very vital role in teacher education courses. The actual practicum or the internship component is hardly possible to be done online. Therefore, the challenges that the student-teachers and teacher-educators are facing in current times are quite disparate as compared to the other theory-based courses. Though online education is very flexible in terms of time and cost it has not escaped from its challenges. Having the knowledge of the effective usage of technology is a prerequisite for any kind of online learning. The study gives an account to the possibilities and challenges of teaching teachers online.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is an increasing medical problem in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Current evidence suggests an epidemic proportion of this condition in this developing region, largely due to increasing urbanization and epidemiological transition. There are suggestions that the quality of diabetes care in Africa is suboptimal. However, there is unclear evidence to substantiate these claims. There was the need to systematically assess and summarise the existing evidence on quality of care among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whilst identifying any gaps in information and exploring possible barriers to care in a SSA context. This will provide policy makers and health care providers with a systematic overview of the available evidence on the state of diabetes care in this region from which they can base decision making. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the systematic review was to examine the existing quality of management of type 2 diabetes in SSA by addressing the following questions: i. How good is the current control of type 2 DM in SSA based on indicator outcome of glycaemia? ii. Have implemented strategies, treatment or interventions improved glycaemic control of type 2 DM in Sub-Saharan African countries? Methods: This study was a systematic review of quantitative studies. The population comprised people with type 2 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. All ages, gender, ethnicities irrespective of race, residence, locality, immigration status, educational background and socio-economic status were included. The studies included cross-sectional studies, experimental, quasi-experimental studies, observational studies and review papers. Only full papers as opposed to abstracts were included in the review. Conference proceedings, editorials and case reports were excluded. Two databases were explored to develop search strategies – MEDLINE via Pubmed (1946 to February 2013) and EMBASE via Ovid (1974 to April 2013). Terms such as glycaemia and hyperglycaemia, and terms related to these were used in the search strategy. The search included searching reference lists of derived papers and contacting experts. Data on measures of glycaemic control as primary outcome of interest were extracted and summarised upon. Secondary outcomes included process measures like the frequency of blood glucose levels documentation. Duration of diagnosed diabetes and assessment of diabetes complications were considered. The interventions or implementation strategies within studies or data collected on these were also assessed. Study quality was assessed based on components in a quality assessment tool from the Effective Public Health Practice Project. Results: Thirteen published studies were identified and included in the review. Eleven of these were cross-sectional studies, one was a prospective cohort study and another combined cross-sectional and cohort study. Education on diabetes management and prevention of complications seemed to be the most consistent intervention carried out, followed by drug treatment with oral hypoglycaemic agents and Insulin, then dietary measures. Target levels of HbA1c were generally less than 7% in almost all the studies. This is in keeping with the IDF and ADA guidelines. Target glycaemic control were consistently seen in less than 50% of the patients within studies. Conclusion: This review found the quality of care of type 2 diabetes based on glycaemic control, to be sub-optimal in sub-Sahara African countries. Therefore, quality of care needs to be improved upon in this region. It is likely that several interventions, mainly secondary preventive strategies, and implementation strategies identified would improve quality of care in this region. Targeted interventions and strategies specific to the local populace would be beneficial.

Now a days prevalence of diabetes in increasing due to earlier onset of diabetes and the better treatment opportunities. Early onset Diabetes in young females is commonly associated with pregnancy. Diabetes in pregnancy can lead to adverse effects both on the mother and the baby due to hyperglycemia. In addition, pregnancy itself can also cause altered blood glucose levels due to hormonal changes and leads to deleterious effects on the complications of diabetes. So management of diabetes requires multidisciplinary approach.

Nanotechnology is considered to be an upcoming technology. In the field of dentistry, it helps in diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Nanotechnology incorporates the usage of nanoparticles less than 100 nm. It has delivered its impact on almost every facet of science and development. It is but natural that medicine and dentistry too are being influenced by this recent entrant which has immense potential. A new revolution in the field of dentistry by the use of nanotechnology has got remarkable potential that can bring considerable improvements to human health in the form of nanomaterials, nano diagnostics and nano robotics. The usage of nanoparticles in restorative materials has increased the quality and life of dental restorations resulting in better oral care and hygiene. The technology helps in modifying the existing restorative material in terms of physical, chemical and biological aspects to improve their quality. The restorative materials with nanoparticles currently used are nanocomposites, nano glass ionomers, nano adhesives. In endodontics these nanoparticles can be incorporated in endodontic sealer, obturating material, intracanal medicament and irrigating solutions to provide the desired results. Nanotechnology possesses tremendous potential but social issues of public acceptance, ethics, regulation, and human safety must be addressed before it can be looked upon as the hope for the future.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is an acid-fast staining rod that gets transmitted through aerosolized droplets. Even though TB cases in the United States are decreasing, it is still prevalent in the developing world, especially in travelers from countries with endemic TB. TB is primarily a lung infection because of its aerosol transmission. It can become a systemic infection and last in the body for long periods of time. When the infection becomes systemic, it gets labeled as miliary TB because of the lymphohematogenous and disseminated spread. In this case report, we present an exceedingly rare case of a young patient with latent miliary TB who presents to the hospital with gastrointestinal complaints, ultimately having a small bowel perforation and a complicated hospital course which followed. Of note, according to the CDC, US cases of TB are about 2.7% per 100,000, of which military tuberculosis is a rare complication as low as <2% (6). Secondarily, systolic blood pressure can range from as low as 7% up to 30% occurrence based on the etiology, and patient presentation. Combining both factors can elucidate how rare it is for SBP and disseminated TB to occur individually, let alone simultaneously.

Background: Transformational Leadership TL is a type of Leadership style is focusing on understanding behaviors, feelings, personal attitudes of individuals "employees" toward their jobs, leaders, and the organization. The most relevant studies that mentioned the Transformational Leadership (T.L.) style applied to support the relationship between leaders and employees in the decision-making process and participation in other processes. The actual turnover is a serious problem because financial and manpower wastes follow it. K.A.A.H. Physicians' Turnover and Job Performance are the dependent variables, and Transformational Leadership is an independent variable in this paper. Methods: The online Questionnaire used in the research is Google Forms. Microsoft Excel is used to organize the responses and S.P.S.S. statistical package program to generate regression statistics and descriptive statistics. The target sample size is 175 participants, according to Select Statistics Calculator. The scale used is the Likert scale which is 5 items; 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Results: The results show the effectiveness of applying T.L. to minimize turnover and positively increase employee's job performance. In the 1st dependent variable, most responses are reflected by the physicians "totally disagree" with negative Turnover intentions while two measures are reflected as "neutral." In contrast, a short number of them preferred to answer from "totally disagree" to "agree." Lastly, in the 2nd dependent, four measures out of five are gained "totally agree." These measures are positively describing the feelings of the participants regarding their Job Performance. Discussion and Conclusion: The research is designed as a descriptive case study. This type of design concerns understanding the specific targeted case towards determined variables. The highest percentage of each question's responses is determined by the highest numbers of physicians who agreed, disagreed, or neutral. In addition, the highest numbers of the participants are "totally agree" and "agree" with the measures of the independent variable Transformational Leadership. In contrast, most numbers of the participants are "Totally disagree," "disagree," and "neutral," with the measures of the dependent variable turnover.

Acne sufferers sometimes hate themselves, away from interpersonal relationships. This disease is triggered by the bacteria Propionilbacterium acne, and Staphylococcus aureus. Various acne treatments are offered in the community, but not all acne drug products are guaranteed safe. The purpose of this study was to obtain an acne gel preparation, a combination of extracts of star fruit and papaya leaves which have antibacterial activity against Streptococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes To determine the compounds that have antibacterial activity, bioautography using GCMS analysis was carried out. The preparation was made by mixing carbophol 940, triethanolamine, methyl paraben, propylene glycol, sodium metabisulfite. The results of the evaluation of the preparation at room temperature storage did not experience significant changes and were relatively stable, while at hot and cold temperatures there was a slight change in pH, dispersion, viscosity and flow properties. Peaks include 1,3-Diacetoxy-butane, 1-Pentanamine, Pentadecanoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid.Formula 3 has almost the same stability as formula 1 and formula 2. Formula 3 has room temperature storage for 3 months, including: organoleptic preparations dark brown in color, slightly entangled homogeneous, pH 5.11 preparations, spreadability of preparations 2628.01 mm² viscosity of preparations 79666, 67-258333,33 cPs flow properties 184466,33- 286282,17 cPs, the results of the antibacterial activity showed the Inhibitory Diameter (RD) on P acnes 14,56±0,1131 mm and S aureus 15,18±0, 0424mm . The formula was non-irritating to test animals.

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona -2 (SARS-COV-2) is a highly contagious and contagious Corona virus, creating a respiratory epidemic called Corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) that threatens human health and public safety. On January 30.2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a global public health emergency. In these reviews we describe the basic virology of SARS-COV-2, including diagnosis, treatment. We summarize current knowledge of clinical epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19 and immune response, disease management, control and prevention strategies, advances in the SARS COV-2 vaccine. Highlights - Critical respiratory disease, Corona virus -19, disease, diseases, public health, prevention strategies.

Background: The practice of ear and nose piercing is an age long cultural practice mainly for cosmetic and religious reasons and female gender are mostly involved. Culturally, parents especially mothers do it for their children until about few decades ago when the trend seems to be changing from what was a mere cultural practice among the primitives now becoming a vogue among young people and unusually males and celebrities getting more involved as well. The attendant complications associated with this practice may be very devastating if dire caution is not put into place hence the reason for this study seeking to assess the trends, prevalence, and complications of ear and nose piercing among undergraduate students of AfeBabalola University, a University in the South-West Nigeria. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive cross sectional design, using multistage sampling technique. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 391undergraduate students of AfeBabaloa University based on the required sample size. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with significance set at P<0.05. Result: Results revealed majority of the respondents were between 20-25 years. The prevalence of Ear and Nose piercing was 58%. Majority of respondents pierced their earlobe, with 91.3% having 3 or more piercings. Respondents reported complications such as bleeding (57.2%), infections (66.4%) and severe pain (66.4%) on the pierced site. Only few had piercing done by a professional, as most of the respondents did the piercing themselves in unsterile environment. The prevalence of Ear and Nose piercing is high among undergraduate students of Abuad. Conclusion: The prevalence of ear and nose piercing among undergraduates is very high and by inference among young people with imminent risks. There is therefore urgent need to embark on aggressive health education campaign in schools from nursery to university level and the general populace to grave complications of this new trend in this practice. All the stake holders most especially the ndividual, parents, professional body piercers and the government to work together to ensure safety standard in the shops where these practices are done. The government through the health sector must all be readily available to handle complications of this practice whenever they arise.

Taliban's return to power in 2021, was an important internal and international matter. Afghan society, after 20 years of living under the rule of weak but secular governments, currently is experiencing an ideological rule by Taliban. This paper is not dealing directly the huge problems which Afghan people are facing, but try to clarify the arena of governance of Taliban. This group, has many problems, inside and outside of it's apparatus, in domestic and international area. The causes of it's re-rise is not here our purpose. Now it's on the real politics arena, and one of the most important issue is: what challenges are they facing? How can they overcome on this challenges? Which possible trends is appearing there?

This research aims to study under the context of digital technology & COVID-19 pandemic disruption1) the demanding of SDG’scross cutting issues in Thailand that ODL can facilitate; 2) how STOU use ODL to serve the SDG’ s cross cutting issues; and 3) to recommend how to scale up ODL to serve the SDG’scross cutting issues. Qualitative research via STOU-ODL case study approach was used to analyze how ODL of STOU serve the demanding SDG’s cross cutting issues. Results found 1) the demanding of SDG’s cross cutting issues in Thailand respectively are 1) Goal 4: Quality education; Goal 3: Good health and well-being ; Goal 5: Gender equality; Goal 1: No poverty; Goal 2: Zero hunger; Goal 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure; Goal 10: Reduced inequality ;Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities; Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions; and Goal 17: Partnership; 2)STOU use ODL to serve the SDG’s cross cutting issues by embedded with ICT to offer all types of educational programs : (1) Formal, (2) Non-formal &Informal educations to cover all groups of people in Thailand including all the marginalized can be easily accessed to all kinds of SDG’s cross cutting issues for their new required knowledges and skills, more opportunities, and better quality of life. 3) ODL must be appropriate designed with partnership model to fit well with all contexts of the SDG’s cross cutting issue i.e. in-time & demanded base issue, friendly & appropriate pedagogy, agile administrative & management, and all kinds of participatory contribution. Some examples of STOU-ODL’s academies to serve all the SDG’s cross cutting issues are Smart MOOC, Smart Ageing, Smart Farmer, Smart Youths & Young Women Entrepreneur, and others.

Introduction: To lower the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2, public gatherings are discouraged by the personnel of scientific communities and so educational institutions are closed for being the meeting place of so many students. To continue the education, most of the countries took the decision of teaching-learning through online. But all the countries could not be benefitted completely because of lacking computer knowledge and technical issues. Bangladesh is among them and this study was conducted in the Chattogram region of the country. Materials and method: Data was collected from 300 students and 100 hundred teachers of different educational institutions ranging from primary schools to universities and then analyzed on Excel platform. Results and Discussion: The findings present how attitude, motivation, self-efficacy, and use of technology play a significant role in giving and receiving lessons for academic performance of students and teachers. Also, participants preferred face-to-face learning over online learning. Conclusion: In spite of having many challenges, there is no option to continue education during pandemic except e-learning. So, major challenges should be met and positive attitudes must be grown.

This research paper provides recommendations, based on a reflective analysis, concerning the prescription of safe, effective, and appropriate fascia-focused physical activity, and manual therapy interventions, for patients recovering from COVID-19. In particular this review and emerging recommendations are specific to those who are failing to achieve a full recovery and thus experiencing Long-COVID symptoms leading to a possible National health crisis. The progression of the airborne RNA virus, identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19, is ongoing, and the numbers of Long-COVID suffers are increasing. It is now almost two years since the World Health Organisation (WHO) announced that the spread of this airborne virus had reached pandemic proportions. It is hoped this research paper will provide important information concerning the longer-term effects of COVID-19 and its numerous variants Alpha, Delta, Delta plus (K417N spike protein mutation), Lambda and others. Appropriate guidelines for safe physical activity and touch therapies for hospitalised and non-hospitalised long-COVID patients will be provided. There is emerging detail concerning long-termpost-viral effects showing them to be similarly reflective of other common syndrome sequelae such as Fibromyalgia, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Myofascial Trigger Points, and Chronic fatigue. This information is proving to be useful in offering much-needed recommendations for the safe prescription of physical activities and manual therapy in supporting patient's return to pain-free movement and improved quality of life. While high-quality research is lacking on this topic, according to reliable scientific sources, long-COVID syndrome, or Long-COVID, is an emerging and growing problem worldwide. Several reports confirm that a significant number of people are failing to achieve full recovery following infection. Available research figures show patients who did not require hospitalization when having COVID-19 and who had no underlying medical condition including children, healthy fit individuals, particularly women, and 'under 40' pre-menopausal women are particularly vulnerable to Long-COVID. This reflective analysis provides recommendations concerning informed, appropriate fascia-focused therapeutic physical activity and touch-therapy therapeutic interventions for qualified therapists working with hospitalised or non-hospitalised Long-COVID patients. Based on current data, it seems prudent to consider SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 as a long-term illness. Post-Covid patients require professionally trained personal to provide the necessary clinical support and valuable functional life change advice. Following medical approval, if required, qualified therapist should carry out a complete battery of tests to rule out other underlying causes before providing any therapeutic interventions.

In the dental field, diagnosis and treatment planning is given the utmost importance and for that reason, 3D imaging with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was introduced. CBCT enables the three dimensional evaluation of the structures. Therefore, it allows to identify the exact location and extent of dental lesions in a specific anatomic position. The wide ranging applications of CBCT enable it to be utilized in the fields endodontics, orthodontics, periodontics, oral surgery, implantology and other fields. The objective of this review is to provide up-to-date information to dentists regarding the applications of CBCT for different dental specialty to enable an accurate diagnosis and successful treatment.

The aim of the study is to assess the level of knowledge and knowledge on practice regarding prevention of covid-19 among B.Sc nursing students OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: • To assess the knowledge and knowledge on practice regarding prevention of COVID-19 among B.Sc(N) students • To determine the association between knowledge and knowledge on practice scores regarding prevention of covid-19 with their selected socio demographic variables • To evolve and distribute a self instructional module regarding prevention of COVID-19 infection Methodology: By using Non probability-Purposive Sampling Technique, Non experimental-Descriptive Research Design was adopted, 100 B.Sc nursing students were taken for the study and data was collected by using a self structured questionnaire and analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results revealed that out of 100 that majority 45(45%) of sample had moderate knowledge rest of 35(35%) of them had adequate knowledge and 20(20%) of the nursing students had inadequate knowledge. Conclusion: Covid-19 is a emerging condition which made the entire world to suffer and bring frontline worriers nurses should take active part in preventing the spread of disease and should promote the awareness among the community in order to implement the researcher has taken this study.

The development of male infertility is increasing rapidly worldwide with numerous causative agents and idiopathic causes. Infertility conundrum coincides with the epidemic of abnormal body weight which holds sway to countless pathological conditions. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the relationship between low body mass index (BMI), sperm counts and seminal electrolyte concentrations in young adults. A total of one hundred (100) students of the Niger Delta University constituted the study subjects. The age bracket was pegged between 18-35 years. The study was stratified into two categories; normal BMI (20-25) and underweight (< 19). The BMI, electrolytes and sperm concentrations were analyzed using WHO approved standards and procedures. Data generated from the mathematical and empirical analysis were analysed using student t-test and Pearson correlation obtained using SPPS version 18-20 packages. The result showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in seminal sodium and bicarbonate in the underweight when compared to normal BMI, whereas seminal potassium was on the contrary. Correlation between BMI and sperm count revealed non-significant relationship with Pearson coefficient (r) = - 0.077; p – value = 0.778. In conclusion, the distorted electrolytes observed in the study are a plausible predisposition of underweight to infertility.

This case report describes a case of acute myocarditis post-vaccination. Patient who received the Covid 19 vaccine. There is evidence in the literature linking vaccines to different auto-immune manifestations. Of late, autoimmune manifestations that appear to be caused by an external adjuvant have been grouped into a complex syndrome referred to as autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA). He presented to hospital with chest pain, fever and weakness after 4 days from vaccination. Laboratory investigations showed elevated creatine kinase and troponin-I, and extensive cardiac investigations yielded a diagnosis of myocarditis. Adjuvants are elements that induce an inflammatory response. In the case of vaccines, adjuvants increase the antigen-specific immune response, to ultimately improve vaccine immunogenicity. The incidence of myocarditis post vaccination is rare Given the benefits of the vaccine and the rarity of this complication, we do not discourage its routine usage when clinically indicated. However, ongoing surveillance is required to evaluate the occurrence of rare adverse events.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of independent variables, namely permanent and temporary differences individually and simultaneously on the income of retail companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. Out of a population of 25 companies, 9 companies were selected as samples based on specified criteria. Data processing using Eviews 10 program with data panel regression method. Fixed effect model was chosen as a suitable model for use in this study. The results concluded that permanent difference and temporary difference have a significant positive effect on commercial income. In addition, permanent difference and temporary difference also simultaneously affect commercial income.

Strictness of the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC) against the non-compliance of the Emission norms Notified by MoEFCC in 2016 for Cement Industries was the major challenge for Cement Industries to achieve the emission norms. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emission reduction was the major challenge for Cement Industry therefore, some of the Cement Industries have installed global approved NOx reduction technology called as Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR). After installation of SNCR system in Cement Industries NOx emission through process stacks get reduced but the Ammonia (NH3) gas has increased in process stacks because NH3 gas is injecting in Pre-calciner of the cement Kiln at Temperature range between 870 to 1090o Celcies and converting it into Nitrogen gas ((Production of Ammonium Nitrate, 2000) but some quantity of Ammonia approx 2 to 10 ppm (State and Territorial Air Pollution, 1994) get released from process stacks. Apart from this, some quantity of Ammonia gas also releasing during loading and unloading of Ammonia through tankers.

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis is associated after several days of ongoing heparin treatment. It is an immune-mediated response which leads to life-threatening thrombosis. Thrombocytopenia is caused by presence of antibodies which activate the heparin and bind to platelet factor 4(PF4). HIT is associated with thromboembolic complications in both arteries and venous circulation. Complications such as pulmonary embolism, myocardial infraction, and death due to thrombotic occlusion in heart, lungs and brain. The main diagnostic criteria are to examine the thrombocytopenia during heparin treatment. HITTS mostly occur after 1-2 weeks after the HIT. A complete watch on platelet and laboratory parameters is essential. The treatment options for HITTS are low molecular weight heparin (LMWHs) and antiplatelet agent are provided. The main consequence would be only keeping eye at patient during thrombocytopenia as it leads to thrombosis and providing effective treatment.

In the present research, an attempt was made to study an economics analysis on marketing of maize in serchhip district, Mizoram. The present study was conducted in North Eastern state of Mizoram during year 2020-2021. Primary market (Chawhmeh bazaar) has been selected purposively according to the association of the producers with the market. There are only two channel exist for the marketing of maize and these are: Producer - consumer and Producer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer. The findings from the study shows that total marketing cost was higher in channel II Rs 122, followed by channel I Rs 47 respectively. The total marketing margins was Rs 225 for channel II and the price spread for channel I was Rs 47 and for channel II Rs 347. The study shows that apart from primary market (Chawhmeh bazaar) most of the produce were bought by District agricultural office, serchhip which act as the wholesaler and it was later bought by the animal husbandry department which act as the retailer. Constraints in marketing was mainly due to lack of storage facilities, high transportation charges, and frequent price fluctuation.

According to molecular flexibility, new ethylspacer containing benzoates RO-C6H4-COO-CH2-CH2-O-C6H4-O-CH2-C6H5 were synthesized. As ethylspacer provides good flexibility, this series shows polymorphism. We are introducing an easy one-pot reaction for the esterification of an aliphatic alcohol with the help of isobutyl chloroformate, reaction time and yield as well as liquid crystalline properties of synthesized compounds were studied. As compared to the reported series,the current series is polymesomorphic in nature with a lower transition temperature. Introducing a spacer between two rigid cores enhance the mesomorphic behavior to show Ntb mesophase. The setexture and transition temperatures were carried out in temperature controlling polarizing optical microscope. All homologues were confirmed by 1H NMR, Mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopic technique.