May 2021

Teacher training is an important training of teacher preparation. The trainers play an important role and therefore any variable that affects them affect their service delivery. The service delivery is measured by the trainees performance in examination. It has been observed that quality passes among teacher trainees in Public Teacher Training Colleges in the country has been on the decline. The recent data reveals that out of 12,438 candidates who sat Primary Teacher Education examinations in 2017, only 5 candidates scored distinctions, 4992 had credit, 886 had pass, 5739 failed while 13 had their results cancelled. Furthermore performance among Teacher Trainees has been noted to be declining since 2014, as ranking as per college mean for Primary Teacher Education analysis 2016 results among the top 5 primary teachers training colleges indicated that there has been poor performance since 2014. The previous studies reviewed had captured job satisfaction among primary and secondary school teachers and did not establish the link job satisfaction and performance among tutors in relation to institutional factors. It is from this view point that the current study was conducted with an intent to establish the influence of job satisfaction and performance among tutors in public primary teacher training colleges. Objective of the study was to determine the influence of institutional factors on job satisfaction and performance among Tutors in public primary teacher training colleges. A conceptual framework was used to show how dependent, independent and intervening variables interrelate to influence job satisfaction among tutors and how it impacts on trainees performance. The study established that Institutional factors were found to have influence on job satisfaction and performance among tutors in public primary teacher training colleges as signified with a mean rating of 4.13 which according to level of job satisfaction indicator was high thus confirming that it had influence on Tutors performance. In conclusion the study established that institutional factors had significant influence on job satisfaction and subsequently influenced teacher trainees’ performance. The study recommended that further research be done and extraneous variables not used during the present study be investigated. It further recommended that the findings be used by college administrators, Ministry of Education, Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development and Teachers Service Commission to initiate and develop policies that could help and improve job satisfaction among teachers in the Kenya.

There has been an increased interest among scholars to investigate supply chain resilience (SCRes) in manufacturing and service operations during emerging situations. Grounded in the SCRes theory, this study provides insights into the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the automobile and airline supply chain. Both the short and long-term response strategies adopted by the two supply chains are assessed, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques in three distinct phases. In phase one, we use a sequential mixed-method for resilience evaluation, integrating Time-to-Recovery (TTR) and Financial Impact (FI) analysis. In phase two, we conduct an empirical survey involving 145 firms to evaluate the short-term SCRes response strategies. In the third phase, we conduct semi-structured interviews with supply chain executives both from the automobile and airline industries to understand the long-term SCRes response strategies. Our findings indicate that: (i) the automobile industry perceived that the best strategies to mitigate risks related to COVID-19, were to develop localized supply sources and use advanced industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies. (ii) The airline industry on the other hand, perceived that the immediate need was to get ready for business continuity challenges posed by COVID-19, by defining their operations both at the airports and within the flights. (iii) Importantly, both the sectors perceived Big Data Analytics (BDA) to play a significant role by providing real-time information on various supply chain activities to overcome the challenges posed by COVID-19. (iv) Cooperation among supply chain stakeholders is perceived, as needed to overcome the challenges of the pandemic, and to accelerate the use of digital technologies.

Marketing describes unsatisfied wants and needs. It determines, calculates, and quantifies the size and profit potential of the defined sector. It decides which segments the business is ideally suited to serve and then designs and promotes the required products and services. Marketing is the science and art of finding, designing, and providing value to a target market while making a profit.”Online food ordering in India is becoming increasingly common among Indian consumers. It has been observed to rise at a steady rate of 15% over the last year and is projected to grow at the same rate in the coming years. The proliferation of online food ordering in the Indian market is largely due to the country's smartphone penetration, which is estimated to be at 28 percent. The study discusses the purchasing habits and perceptions of Indian customers in relation to the most widely used online food ordering applications. To provide a more in-depth analysis, the ordering pattern has been categorised based on demographic factors such as age and employment status. The study was conducted in two phases, primary and secondary, and is primarily quantitative in nature. Swiggy, Zomato, Foodpanda, and Ubereats are among the companies that have received a lot of attention in the study. The primary research sought responses through a questionnaire, while the secondary research sought information from magazines, research papers, and news articles. Swiggy, Zomato, Foodpanda, and Ubereats are among the companies that have received a lot of attention in the study. The study studies the root causes of Indian customers' change from conventional approaches to home delivery, the scale of these food delivery startups, and the industry's future. The study aims to uncover consumers' secret mindsets about the faith and confidence they have in these online food aggregators, as well as the factors influencing the customer's attitude toward the online food delivery apps. A total of 165 responses were received based on the primary study. Every app's value propositions and differentiating factors. person analysis based on these answers The data was then analysed using statistical methods, and the findings indicated that the number of males ordering food online was slightly higher than females, owing to males' lack of cooking skills. Further investigation revealed that about 16.36 percent of individuals between the ages of 18 and 29 ordered food on a regular basis, indicating that ‘Students' were making the most online orders on these food distribution applications. According to the findings, there is a tremendous scope for growth for online food aggregators, and they can take advantage of this ability to expand in the Indian market. Furthermore, additional insights showed that a substantial portion of the rural sector remains substantially unexplored and will deliver more opportunities in the coming years as technology penetration in rural areas of the country increases.

Contexte: La mortalité maternelle et périnatale reste un problème majeur enrépublique démocratique du Congo, la disponibilité et la dispensation des soins obstétricaux et néonataux d’urgence reste faible; rendant nécessaire une étude de la parturition dans notre milieu. Méthodes : Cetteétude est une étude descriptive transversale des cas d’accouchements spontanés ou assistés par voie vaginale ou par césarienne sur grossesses à terme monofoetales, gémellaires, sur présentation longitudinale, oblique, transversale survenus dans le département de gynéco-obstétrique en 2018 et de Janvier à Mai 2019.484 femmes ont été retenues à cet effet. Distance parcourue, âge, parité, dilatation à l’admission, mode d’accouchement, APGAR, complications du postpartum étaientles variables étudiées. Résultats : La plupart des accouchées à l’Hôpital Général de Référence Malemba(HGR) étaient jeunes avec un âge moyen de 27,3±7,3 ans, une parité moyenne de 3,6±3,05 ; elles ont parcouru en moyenne 5±7,5 km pour arriver à l’hôpital. Elles se sont présentées dans 51% des cas avec une dilatation complète. 75% des accouchements étaient par voie vaginale, 25% des césariennes pour la plupart des primo césariennes dans le contexte d’urgence maternelle et\ou fœtale. Nous avons noté 11% des mort-nés frais, plusieurs cas des décès maternels chez des paucipares et multipares et fistules vésico-vaginales chez les primipares. Un taux faible d’interventions en cours de travail. Conclusion: Une évaluation rapide des cas et une décision avec prise en charge adaptée s’avère nécessaire la plupart du temps et également une communication permanente avec les communautés.L’utilisation optimale du système de référence par les référents et la compréhension de ce système par les communautés.

BACKGROUND: Restrictive methods such as physical restraint are utilized in mental health facilities as part of patient care by nurses to prevent inpatients from injuring themselves, other patients, or hospital staff (Whittington, Baskind, & Paterson, 2006) but the use of restraints as a non-pharmacological intervention has long been a controversial practice (Barton, Johnson, & Price, 2009). The aim of the study was to reduce prevalence physical restraint incidents and improve patient safety through early intervention. The study was conduct in a 30-bed capacity acute inpatient psychiatric unit at Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants included Inpatient Psychiatric unit nurses including Head Nurses, Charge Nurses, registered nurses and patients admitted under admission criteria. METHODS: The FOCUS-PDCA methodology as a quality improvement tool deployed to undertake this project. A pilot study conducted as a baseline assessment to determine contributing risk factors in the increase of physical restraint incident through documentation review of medical records for 3 months. Restraint Incident Log Book (RILB) used for data extraction on daily number of physically restraint patients against the total occupied bed per days to indicate physical restraint rate. Literature review done to identify the effective monitor tool for data collection. INTERVENTION: A Root Cause Analysis conducted to understand the performance variation to propose effective measure in reduction of physical restraint rate. Through formal discussion, the staff identified early recognition through risk assessment and early intervention of verbal de-escalation for implementation to improve the performance. RESULTS: Upon initiation of Quality Improvement Project on March 2020 and implementation of the action plan, the performance improvement was moving towards the target. After the implementation of training education program, early risk assessment, early intervention, restoration therapeutic room and effective verbal de-escalation techniques, the performance restraint rate reached target benchmark of 15 per 1,000 beds day. In fact, the prevalence of physical restraint rate reduced significantly after two PDSA cycles, from 52 per 1,000 beds day in mid-March 2020 to zero per 1,000 beds day by end of August 2020 and sustained improvement within the target benchmark thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of contributing factors and implementation of effective communication, education training program, early risk assessment-intervention and renovation of therapeutic room was a hallmark for the improvement in physical restraint rate. Leadership also played an essential role in the success of the project by upholding the departmental goal of zero patient harm and creating the culture of safety within psychiatric settings. Although the road to achieve zero harm far off but it is not impossible, additional work is need in several key areas, specifically in assigning a dedicated therapeutic room and introduce non-crisis intervention to replace current outdate practice.

The earliest method of sewage cleaning is manual scavenging. Manual scavenging is the hand excavation done by laborers which were moved down the manholes (a small covered opening in a paved area allowing access beneath, especially one leading to a sewer) for the clogged sewage lines. Sewage system is used for the disposal of wastes but due to manual scavenging there may be loss of human life while cleaning the blockages manually. Now a day’s automation is necessary to reduce the human efforts and to provide the solution to all the problems by which chances of getting better accuracy will increase. But in the sewage cleaning system it is a challenging task to design the safe sewage cleaning system with optimum design and make it possible to get the better result. So this semi-automated sewage cleaning machine is used to reduce the manual scavenging or work. This is going to help the poor labourers to work safely and their health problems also be reduced to greater extent. They do have not go down the manholes for the cleaning and just control the machine from outside. Also by this machine we can do more work in less time.

Two schiff bases containing 1, 2, 4-triazole as subunits were synthesized in high yields. Their coordination properties were characterized by UV-vis spectra, and the results showed that the active groups on the subunit had great effect on the coordination properties of Schiff bases.

Background: The current global pandemic (SARS Covid-19), was first detected in Wuhan, in December 2019. The increasing magnitude and significance of identifying the cases have accentuated the importance of diagnostic approaches to Covid-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Major challenges are being faced in various phases of laboratory diagnosis, from pre-analytical to post-analytical processes. Although the gold-standard method for testing is real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), various limitations such as low sensitivity at early stages of infection, longer turn-around time (TAT) and influence of external factors have been reported in various studies. Choosing ideal targetsfor nuclei acid amplification tests (NAATs) are important to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the assays and lower the limit of detection.At present computed tomography (CT) of chest has been reported as a reliable diagnostic technique, even in rRT-PCR false-negative cases. Immunodiagnostic assays are being developed recently to overcome the short-comings in rRT-PCR method, to confirm the active cases, as well as determine the immune status of asymptomatic patients. Reverse-transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) based assays, have been suggested as rapid, cost-effective point-of-care tests (POCTs). Currently various diagnostic assays are under development based on isothermal amplification, CRISPR, nanotechnology, biosensors and AI (artificial intelligence), most with potential for POCTs. Aim: To identify and compare the relevance of various techniques and tests under development to detect Covid-19. Methods: Original articles, review articles, commentaries and short communications regarding the assays to detect Covid-19 were thoroughly examined to summarise the observations. Conclusion: Understanding the biological properties of the virus is crucial forthe development of new diagnostic approaches which can provide precise identification with high sensitivity, specificity, and short TAT, thus aiding in real-time patient management and controlling spread of infection.”

Rash Behari Bose is well-known in Japan for the Nakamura-ya no Indo Cāre (Indian curry of Nakamura shop). Presently they have some chain shops in Japan andit is very famous among the Japanese people. Rash Behari Bose introduced Indian curry in Japan, carrying the real taste of India with it. Presently there are many Indian shops throughout Japan but the Nakamura’s curry remains different and unique. Apart from this, his contribution in Indian independence is unforgettable. His connection with many Japanese nationals and high-level officers helpedIndian independence movement in various ways. He left India and become stateless until his marriage in Japan. His role in the independence movement is often overlooked in India, but peopleof Japanstill rememberhim and love to go to Nakamura shop and enjoy the taste of Indian curry.

We describe a unique case of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) arising in the scapula of a 2-year old male child masquerading as an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) at clinical presentation and onimaging. Coordination of MRI and open biopsy was conducted. MRI revealed an expansile, multi-loculated, septated lesion involving the scapular body and spine, consistent with ABC. Frozen section biopsy favored ABC based on the presence of bloody and cystic areas associated with histiocytes, bland fibroblasts, osteoclast-like giant cells, and hemosiderin deposition. However, final pathological analysis revealed blood-filled cystic spaces lined with fibroblasts, multinucleated giant cells and focal collections of S100+ and CD1a+ histiocytes, consistent with LCH. Following biopsy, the entire lesion was ompletely curetted, leaving only a rim of bone around the native scapula. high speed bur was used to further extend the margins around the lesion to ensure it was entirely removed. Conclusion: This case is of interest as scapular involvement is only occasionally noted in LCH cases. Furthermore, solitary bone involvement in our patient’s age group is uncommon in LCH without multi-organ involvement. Lastly, there are only two reported cases in the literature of LCH masquerading as an ABC, with this being the third. Careful pathologic examination and immunohistochemical was crucial in establishing this diagnosis due to the presence of a solitary lesion with fluid-fluid levels.

We have created a formula to calculate the number of primes less than or equal to any given positive integer ‘ n ‘ . It is denoted by π (n) . This is a fundamental concept in number theory and it is difficult to calculate. A prime number can be divided by 1 and the number itself. The set of all primes can be written as { 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,...............}. The Prime Counting Function was conjectured in the end of 18th century by the famous Mathematician Gauss and Legendre Sir, to be approximately x/(ln x) .But in this paper we are presenting the real formula, by applying the modern approach, that is by applying the basic concept of set theory.

Health is determined by several factors including genetic inheritance, personal behaviors, access to quality health care, and the general external environment - like quality of air, water and housing conditions. In recent years, scientists and epidemiologists have turned their attention to a growing range of social and cultural variables as antecedents of health. These variables include SES, race/ ethnicity, gender and sex roles, immigration status and acculturation, poverty and deprivation, social network and social support, and the psychological work environment, in addition to aggregate characteristics of the social environments- distribution of income, social cohesion and collective efficacy. In the present era media plays an important role in people’s lives. Watching television, surfing World Wide Web, Listening Music, Reading Newspaper and Magazines, all are time framing production of mass media around the clock. The proliferation of communication technologies, audio-visual learning, encourages omnipresence of the media in daily life. Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PCM) is the burning social cohesion and unrest among the tribal people specially who is residing deep inside the forest, their nutritional value in daily food habit was based on forest collection only. But illiteracy, lack of awareness, shy behaviour and socio-economic proviso did not explore such endeavor to avail proper nutrition. Thus, they are suffering from Malnutrition since decades. The present study peered into Media involvements which effectuate a challengeable ensue to the Santal and Lodha population of the tribal village, Jual Bhanga. The potential role of the media as an actor in the public health ensue, that is, how it can use its presence and power to lead to the mobilization of societal action that creates a challengeable conditions for restriction and protection of Malnutrition in the process of eradication from grass-root level, while Jual Bhanga Tribal village is an unique accumulation towards socio-economic amplifications.

In the present investigation an assessment was made on the potential renal transplant subjects involving HLA typing of the donor and recipient (Table 5.1 - 5.10) , screening for alloantibody against HLA, and obtaining a history of sensitizing events. HLA typing ideally includes A; B; C; DRB1; DRB3,4,5; DQB1; DQA; DPB1; and DPA; but this is not always performed. The single antigen bead (SAB) solid-phase assay is most commonly used as the first line of screening for alloantibody, but multi-antigen screening beads can also be used. In the tables mentioned above, 5.1 - 5.5 imply live donors, while the tables 5.6 - 5.10 are based on cadaveric donors. Furthermore, the criteria such as CDC HLA crossmatch, PRA Class - I and II HLA, PCR-SSOP are pre transplant data, while the remaining such as DSA IgG HLA Class-I and II, SAB-FCXM HLA Class - I and II , NGS - Illumina MiniSeq are post transplant data. Besides in the current pursuit, more importance was given to renal transplant data, than liver, heart and lung. The data were also analysed in the light of advanced statistical and computational tools and expressed as graphics and tables (5.21 - 5.24).

Background: Term babies are those who are born between 37 weeks 0 days and 42 weeks. They are further subdivided into early term (between 37 weeks and 38 weeks) and full term (between 37 weeks and 38 weeks). The objectives of this review are to examine the effect of early-term birth on adverse neonatal outcomes and developmental disabilities. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google scholar from January 2007 to December 2020, for studies investigating the associations between early-term birth and neonatal mortality, morbidity and long term developmental outcomes. Results: Twenty two studies were included in the review, of which fourteen compared morbidity and mortality rates and eight assessed any adverse developmental outcomes among the subgroups of term babies. Reviewed studies found that early-term birth was associated with increased neonatal mortality, poor neonatal outcomes and short term and long term developmental disabilities. Conclusion: The included trials in this review involved a sizeable population, with good quality with limited reporting for adjusting the outcomes for obstetric, social and regional factors. We recommend to assess the benefits or harms before planning early birth and to carefully follow infants born early term for neurodevelopmental disabilities.

The article aims to evaluate the severity of anxiety-depressive disorders (ADD) in elderly and middle-aged female patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Material and methods: A study of 139 patients with CHF Functional Class (FC) 2 and 3 was conducted. The average age was 67.1±10.6 years. Depending on the age characteristic, the patients were divided into three groups: the elderly, senile, and middle-aged groups. Assessment of the severity of depression was conducted using the Hamilton Scale for Depression Assessment (HAM-D) and the Minnesota Quality of Life Assessment Questionnaire (MLHFQ) to assess the impact of CHF on the social aspects of patients' lives. Results: It was found that the highest prevalence of depression in FC II was in elderly patients. The highest prevalence of depression in FC III was observed in the middle-aged group. The analysis showed that there is a pronounced relationship between the degree of depression and CHF FC, which was determined in the age group of elderly patients. The assessment of the correlation between the severity of ADD and the indicators characterizing the severity of CHF showed that there was a noticeable or strong direct correlation between the indicators in the middle and senile age group, which indicates that ADD is a marker of the severity of CHF in patients of these age groups. Conclusion: The presence of ADD affects the physical component of the quality of life, which is proved by reliable results obtained using both the MLHFQ scale and the Clinical status assessment scale (CSAS). At the same time, the influence of the severity of CHF on the mental component was revealed when using HAM-D as a tool for determining ADD.

This study’s objective is to assess the performance of the Second National Tobacco Control Strategy 2559-2562 B.E. (2016-2019) vis-à-vis the target set. This research was a combined method evaluation research by collecting both quantitative and qualitative data from October to December 2562 B.E. (2019). The studied population in group 1 was the Thai population aged 15 years and over. A total of 6,660 people and group 2 were youths who were 15-19 years old. A total of 6,965 subjects were recruited using the stratified two-stage cluster sampling method in the provinces with the median of the highest and lowest smoking rates. The past 3 years of the 12 health districts and 25 Bangkok provinces. The results showed that the prevalence of tobacco use among the Thai population aged 15 years and over was 16.3% (95% CI: 14.2, 18.5) with the prevalence value adjusted according to the Age Standard Structure (ASR) accounted for 16.1 percent which can be reduced according to the target (not more than 16.7%). Males have 11.6 times higher smoking rates than females (29.0% and 2.5%, respectively) and the protection of public health from the dangers of tobacco smoke the prevalence of seeing smokers / using tobacco products or having been exposed to secondhand smoke in public places is required by law to be 100% non-smoking in five places: markets, public bus stations, religious institutions, lower level higher education, and public health facilities. They were equal to 20.1%, 16.3%, 7.2%, 6.5% and 4.8%, respectively which decreased more than the target set. It was concluded that the results of the Second National Tobacco Control Strategy Plan 2559-2562 B.E. (2016-2019) achieved the target designated.

Abuse is a serious and common problem in and around the World. A quarter of all adults have been physically abused as children. One in 5 women and 1 in 3 men has been sexually abused as a child. In the world, India has the largest number of children 375 million, covering 40% of its population, out of which 69% of Indian girls are victims of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Objectives: The study aims to assess the effects of "Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude regarding child abuse among Mothers of pre-school children in Anganwadi, Puducherry”. Methodology: Quasi-Experimental (One group Pre-test, Post-test only design with non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data from 40 mothers of preschool children in Sedarapet, Anganwadi at Puducherry. The data were collected by the Structured Interview guide method. Result: The findings of the study revealed that in the pre-test, 32.5% of mothers had Inadequate Knowledge and 22.5% had Adequate Knowledge. In the post-test, 2.5% had inadequate knowledge and 70% had adequate knowledge. In terms of attitude, 82.5% had a desirable attitude and 17.5% had the most desirable attitude in the pre-test and the post-test result was 42.5% had desirable attitude and 57.5% had the most desirable attitude. No one was with undesirable attitudes both in pre-test and post-test. Conclusion: The study recommended that the various measures to combat child abuse are awareness of children, parents, and urging strong policy. The study concluded that Mother’s knowledge and family involvement in a child's well-being and development plays a major role in the prevention of child abuse.

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the frequently occurring infertility related problem world-wide. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations may be associated with pregnancy loss. To justify this proposition, we studied the serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 concentrations in pregnant women who have experienced two or more pregnancy loss and control subjects who had successful pregnancy history. Objective: In this study, we investigated whether serum 25(OH)D3 concentration was associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. Design: In this prospective cohort study, 45 pregnant women in their early pregnancy with previous history of two or more early spontaneous pregnancy loss and 45 women in their early live pregnancy with previous history of one or more successful pregnancy and no history of any pregnancy loss were recruited to investigate the association between maternal serum concentrations of serum 25(OH)D3 and the risk of experiencing pregnancy loss (n = 45). Results: Our study revealed that serum 25(OH)D3 concentration is significantly lower in RPL group than the healthy controls (P<0.01). The multivariable logistic analysis revealed that serum 25(OH)D3 concentration is negatively associated with RPL outcome (OR: 0.78 with 95% CI: 0.62, 0.99) with 22% lower odds for one extra level of serum 25(OH)D3 concentration. We also found that pregnant women who does not intake vitamin D3 containing food has 5.6 times higher odds of having RPL outcome compared to those who intakes vitamin D3 containing food (OR: 5.66; CI: 1.56, 20.52). Conclusions: We found an association between serum 25(OH)D3 concentration and RPL, which indicates that serum vitamin D3 acts as a modifiable risk factor for pregnancy loss.

Child trafficking is severe offence prevalent worldwide. Children are abducted, forced or transported for sexual or physical exploitation, prostitution, begging, slavery or other kind of crimes. Exact figure or rate of this crime is very difficult to estimate because there are many cases which are not even reported. In India, where 44 percent population is near or below poverty line, this heinous offence affects the security of children nationwide and large numbers of children are trafficked every year. There are many forms of child trafficking such as child labour, sex trade, domestic slavery etc. In India, poverty and unemployment are discovered as major cause of trafficking. Other cause such as lack of education is also emerged as a problem behind child trafficking. It is very difficult to fight against this form of exploitation against children until and unless we cope with the challenges that come across. Also, there is need of strict implementation of laws against trafficking in country and no person should be left unpunished who try to infringe the child rights and exploit them in any way. Corruption is a factor that compromises the protection programs in the nation; therefore reduction of corruption to enhance the child security is necessary. Public awareness and involvement of police, parents and other government or non-government organizations is equally important for protecting children from trafficking and other forms of crime.

Background: Left ventricular lead instability encounters some cardiac resynchronization therapy implantations affecting heart failure patient's responsiveness. We present a left ventricular lead stabilization in the coronary sinus via a drug-eluting stent in addition to the literature review of this technique. Methods: A 33-year-old male patient had advanced heart failure and implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy. Left ventricular lead dislocation mandated redo-implantation. Lead instability complicated the procedure until a drug-eluting stent anchored it in the posterolateral branch of the coronary sinus. Furthermore, we reviewed the literature to address all studies and reports of left ventricular lead stabilization via coronary stent in the coronary sinus during cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation. We explored words as left ventricular lead stabilization, lead stenting, coronary sinus stent, coronary sinus angioplasty. Results: A total of 14 studies spotted left ventricular lead stenting in the coronary sinus during biventricular pacing between 2000 and 2021; four observational studies: three case series: seven case reports. The studies included 400 patients, and mean follow-up was 20 months. Stenting the lead during the primary procedure (n=368) versus stenting in the redo procedure (n=32). Stenting for lead instability and phrenic nerve stimulation (n=374), whereas stenting due to unfavorable anatomy (n=26). Most patients received a bare-metal stent (n=396), a drug-eluting stent (n=2), and a bioabsorbable scaffold (n=2). Overall reported stenting the left ventricular lead since the first procedure description in years 2003 to 2011 was 390 stents and between the years 2012–2021 was ten stents. Conclusion: During cardiac synchronization therapy implantation, left ventricular lead retention in the coronary sinus by stent is feasible and effective.

Background: The radicular cyst is considered to be an inflammatory odontogenic cyst. The radiographic findings, present a well circumscribed, round or teardrop-shaped radiolucent area. Final diagnosis should be based on histopatological examination. The objective of this paper is to report a classic case of radicular cyst located in the anterior region of maxilla. Methods: A 24 years male patient complained of gingival and palatal swelling in the region of 11, 12, 13 and 14. Radiographic examination revealed a single well circumscribed radiolucency with approximately 2 cm diameter. Results: A total enucleation of the lesion was performed. Histological examination revealed that the lesion was "radicular cyst of inflammatory origin". Conclusions: The treatment of choice is surgical removal and subsequent histological evaluation to confirm the diagnosis. Relapses are infrequent.

Homoeopathic system of medicine uses drugs prepared by the process of potentisation, by which crude medicinal substance become immeasurably small and penetratingly efficacious and remedial. Dr.CFS Hahnemann (1745 – 1842) could not demonstrate these particle and this bring forth severe criticism from and outside the homoeopaths. This stood as an obstacle to acceptance of Homoeopathy by scientific world and public at large. The situation was changed on demonstration of nanoparticles in some of the potencies of some homoeopathic drugs by using one or two nano-technological procedure. Hence, it was attempted to undertake the material characterisation of different potencies (6C, 12C, 30C, 200C 1M, 10M, 50M, and CM) of Homoeopathic drug – Plumbum metallicum, with different nano-characterisation procedures - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The samples were prepared without any pre-concentration and pre -treatment of drugs. The investigation has demonstrated the presence of nanoparticles of plumbum met along with other elements in all dilutions. This opens an opportunity for further studies in the standardisation of homoeopathic drugs as well as understanding its mode of action.

Collision tumours are rare tumours; defined as tumours composed of two histologically distinct neoplasms located in the same organ or anatomical site. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) histological classification, collision tumours include at least two different malignant components, without mixed or transitional area. Collision tumours are different from the mixed tumours formed by more than one type of neoplastic tissue, but, having the same histological origin, as shown by the transitional area. Pathogenesis of this rare entity remains unclear, although there are several proposed hypotheses. Preoperative diagnosis of collision tumours is difficult because of the lack of specific clinical symptoms and radiological features. Histological diagnosis also poses a significant problem and Immunohistochemistry needs to be done in all the cases to reach the conclusion. We, hereby, report a case of 60 year male having Pancreatic head Neuroendocrine carcinoma and Ductal Adenocarcinoma collision tumour. Based on our case report and review of literature, we conclude that collision pancreatic cancer is a very uncommon tumour which poses a significant challenge in diagnosis and treatment.

Biological hazard is a biological substance that causes a threat to the health of living organisms primarily humans. One of the most important health issues the world faces is the threat of a global disease outbreak called a pandemic. Biological risks related to pandemics & epidemics can affect the health of workers, particularly in specific occupations such as health care workers, transport services etc. Pandemics are large-scale outbreaks of infectious disease that can greatly increase morbidity and mortality over a wide geographic area and cause significant economic, social, and political disruption. The management of this biological devil is a crucial problem in the bad situation. India, the world famous democratic countries weeks and strength is mainly discussed in this paper.

Background: Laboratory turnaround time is a periodic measure for improving hospital services and increasing the quality of care as well as patient satisfaction. The current study aims to evaluate the correlation between TAT and LOS at Al Noor Specialist Hospital ED. It also help policy makers to enhance the quality of services provided by minimizing the root causes of the problem. Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional research design uses ED Health information system data at Al Noor Specialist Hospital. Analysis of all laboratory tests (Hematology and Biochemistry) ordered by ED physicians from 05 October 2018 until 4 October 2019. The Regression analysis tests used to report the correlation in-between two TAT and LOS. The IBM SPSS "Statistical Package for the Social Sciences" version 21 used to generate the result. Result: The total number of ED visits is(181,704) and the average LOS is about 2 hours and most people using the services are the Saudi citizen, male, in 21-40 years old. The second in order is pilgrims of HAJJ and UMRA His more than 21% of visits. The Study indicated that there is a statistically insignificant result and weak relation between TAT and ED length of stay so, the study accepts the null hypothesis. Conclusion: The study has been proven that there is no relation between TAT and LOS. Further research is needed to assess and evaluate time to physician diagnosis with TAT to verify if there is a relation between them.

Introduction: Cancer is the second most common cause of death in Malaysia. Early detection and treatment may help to optimise outcomes, but most cancer patients in Malaysia present with late-stage disease. The aim of this community health project was to improve community awareness of the risks of cancer (among other non-communicable diseases), and the benefits of screening for disease prevention and early detection. Methods: Community health screening was conducted during the 2016 Kembara Mahkotacommunity event in Johor, Malaysia. Blood-based biomarkers were used to screen for risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and thyroid disease in the population attending the event. Cancer screening involved measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a marker of colorectal cancer risk, cancer antigen 125 (CA125) for assessment of ovarian cancer risk, prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA II) levels for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk, and pepsinogen I/II (PG I/II) ratio for assessment of gastric cancer risk. Individuals identified as high risk were referred for specialist follow-up. Results: A total of 2744 individuals participated in biomarker screening.CEA and CA 125 levels indicated that 4–7% of the population had high cancer risk. HCC risk was high in 17% of individuals, based on PIVKA II levels, and 3% were at risk of gastric cancer based on the PG I/II ratio. Conclusion: Community health projects such as ours are required to raise awareness of the risks of common preventable diseases, and to encourage individuals to participate in health checks and disease screening programmes.

Method for selection of endophytic diazotropic isolates for use as nitrogen bio-fertilizer in rice cultivation is developed and standerdized. Ten endophytic diazotropic bacterial isolates were collected from roots of a wild rice species, Oryza rufipogon, from Sunderban area of West Bengal. These isolates were characterised on the basis of nitrogenage activity, siderophore & IAA production capacity. These isolates were also tested for contribution in yield attributing parameters in rice in pot culture. Based on these studies, 4 isolates were selected for field trials in coastal saline and red & laterite zones of West Bengal. In the trial 25% ( 20 – 22.5 kg) of recommended chemical nitrogen dose was deducted and supplemented by endophytic diazotropic bacteria application. Two isolates for each zones were selected on the basis of their contribution in 1000 grain weight and total yield in rice. These isolates are recommended for inclusion in INM package in rice cultivation.

Theater is a recreational, artistic, and educational activity. But above all it is enriching that offers you a comprehensive opportunity to complement education with the skills that students seek to develop. It is important to consider that educational life is evolving and above all is advancing by leaps and bounds, it cannot be taught in the same way as our teachers taught us, there are currently countless new pedagogical methods that are put into practice, who is only the end is to obtain beneficial results, for this process that we know well as teaching-learning. It is important to consider that educational life is evolving and above all is advancing by leaps and bounds, it cannot be taught in the same way as our teachers taught us, there are currently countless new pedagogical methods that are put into practice, who is only the end is to obtain beneficial results, for this process that we know well as teaching-learning. The theater not only brings us closer to this artistic part that we all know by its very nature, it allows us to live a new way of educating, transmitting knowledge using innovative tools, which allows a more effective approach towards the learning that is intended to be achieved.

Objetivo: Identificar as competências da enfermagem em internações psiquiátricas, considerando a Reforma Psiquiátrica e o processo de dissolução do modelo manicomial. Método: Revisão Integrativa de Literatura realizada no período de novembro/2019 a março/2020. Foram utilizados os descritores cadastrados no DECs – Descritores em Saúde: “Cuidados de enfermagem”, “Hospital psiquiátrico” e “Humanização da assistência”, e incluídas publicações do período de 2007 a 2018. Resultados: Realizada a seleção da amostra, foram incluídos na revisão 14 estudos, dos quais emergiram quatro categorias: a transição do modelo assistencial considerando a reforma psiquiátrica; as relações interpessoais e a comunicação terapêutica como cuidado de enfermagem em internações psiquiátricas; o trabalho em equipe multiprofissional; obstáculos e recursos na prática de enfermagem em saúde mental. Conclusão: As competências de enfermagem nas internações psiquiátricas assim como as possibilidades de atuação têm se expandido superando as contenções diversas e o saber exclusivamente biológico. Reformula-se e reinventam-se os modos de assistência estabelecendo um cuidado psicossocial menos invasivo e mais respeitoso, que usa da disponibilidade e da criatividade do profissional para contribuir na reabilitação e no processo de reinserção do sujeito na sociedade.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory process causing destruction of the periodontal tissues and alveolar bone. Various adjunctive treatment approaches are introduced along with scaling and root planing for treating periodontitis; Statins being one of them. Statins are considered as “Gold-standard” to treat hyperlipidemia and widely used to control cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Apart from the lipid-lowering properties, various non-cholesterol-dependent biological effects of statins are captivated. These include Antioxidative, Antibacterial, Antithrombotic, Anti-inflammatory, Immunomodulatory, and Osteomodulatory properties. Considering these effects, this group of drugs might play a potential role in regenerative periodontal therapy.

The chromosomes movement during the somatic division in all flowering plants followed certain conservative pattern. The centromeric regions with kinetochore are the sites for spindle binding and pull towards the opposite poles. Do a parasitic plant chromosomes follow this movement? For the above query the shoot tips of parasitic plant, Cuscuta reflexa, Roxb were collected, fixed in Carnoy’s solution for 24 hours from Indian plum, Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., but the plants have found to parasite on other plants. The fixed shoots were macerated in the solution of glacial acetic and 1 N HCl and squashed and observed under the microscope. The chromosome number of the plant was 32 with monocentric chromosomes. The pattern of the movement of the chromosome was observed to be quite acquainted as in other plants. The nuclear architecture of the interphase nuclei and dividing cells are quite conventional. The patterns of prophase to cytokinesis stages are quite stable as in other angiosperms. As expected the heterochromatic content in the interphase nuclei known as chromocenters were huge and distinct. The shoots of 3 cm to 7 cm could be utilized for mitotic studies. The future works are to determine the chromatin organization of the plant and study the germinal chromosomes and compare them with the other species.

Many prosthodontic situations demand an additional set of complete dentures. In such cases, the additional set can be made by duplicating the existing ones. Sometimes it is desirable to make a few changes when making new complete dentures for a patient who has been wearing old dentures for a long time and is satisfied with them. Replica dentures can be made for these patients, and success with the new dentures can be assured. A procedure is presented for duplication of the old dentures with intact intaglio but attrided occluding surface.

Aim: An analysis about cloud kitchens in India and also how they have changed recently due to the recent pandemic. Background: Cloud Kitchens are a growing disruptive model that a lot of young entrepreneurs can tap into in recent times. Not a lot of people are aware of it although the usage of it is increasing tremendously. This paper would analyse how this industry works to give a detailed insight into the current trends and industry impacts. Design: A Research paper. Data Sources: A search of published evidence from 1990–2020 using keywords (as outlined below) was undertaken from which relevant sources were selected to build an informed discussion. Conclusion: This paper discusses the conceptual models of cloud kitchens and demonstrates an important link between the it and pandemic.

Foi avaliado, no contexto da saúde pública, o papel da tele-eletrocardiografia (Tele-ECG) em pacientes com dor torácica atendidos em serviço de pronto socorro médico, durante o primeiro ano de implantação deste serviço. Procurou-se determinar através da tele-ECG as alterações eletrocardiográficas encontradas nesses pacientes, analisando-se especialmente os casos de infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST e acompanhá-los quanto ao tratamento e eventuais complicações na fase aguda (30 dias) dessa síndrome clínica. Foram coletados os eletrocardiogramas transmitidos de 161 centros remotos do Brasil para uma Central de Telecardiologia situada em Uberlândia-MG. O sinal transtelefônico do ECG foi decodificado usando um software específico que permite a realização de todas as medidas, análise e armazenamento. De um total de 15.095 ECGs recebidos na Central, 4.428(29,33%) corresponderam a pacientes queixando-se de dor torácica. Dentre esses, 2.173(49,07%) apresentavam ECG considerados dentro dos limites da normalidade; 503(11,36%) pacientes com bloqueios de ramo do feixe de His; 576(13,00%) com alterações da repolarização ventricular do estímulo elétrico; 263(5,94%) com área eletricamente inativa; 179(4,04%) com sinais sugestivos de isquemia e 150(3,39%) com IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. Dos 150 pacientes diagnosticados como IAM, foi possível acompanhar 77(51,33%) quanto ao tratamento instituído e eventuais complicações. Observou-se que 54(71%) receberam tratamento clínico; 15(19%) trombolítico; e 8(10%) angioplastia transluminal coronariana terciária. Conclui-se que: aproximadamente 50% dos pacientes com dor torácica apresentam ECGs dentro dos limites da normalidade. Esse achado, associado aos dados clínicose laboratoriais, pode reduzir o tempo de hospitalização, resultando em benefício para os pacientes, bem como redução dos custos hospitalares; a tele-ECG permite um diagnóstico precoce do IAM, possibilitando uma abordagem terapêutica adequada em tempo hábil; por outro lado, vale ressaltar que apesar do suporte proporcionado pela tele-ECG para confirmar o diagnóstico precoce de IAM, a maioria dos pacientes não é submetida ao tratamento mais apropriado (trombolítico ou ATC primária) e recebe tratamento clínico, que no nosso trabalho apresentou o maior número de complicações.

Introduction: The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus belonging to the herpes virus family. It causes latent and persistent infections and may be responsible for morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised and newborn infants. The objective of this study is to determine its prevalence among our blood donors. Patients and methods: Prospective cross-sectional study conducted from November 2019 to February 2020. All donors were screened for CMV and other routine tests (HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis). The fisher test was used to analyse the data and we considered a threshold p < 0.05 to be significant. Results: Out of a total number of 121 donors, 89.3% (n=108) are male and 10.7% (n=13) are female (sex ratio= 8.3). The average age of the donors was 32.57 years (extremes of 18 to 57 years). Older donors represented 45.5% (n=55) versus 54.5% (n=66) of new donors. The prevalence of CMV was 43.8% (n=53), HIV prevalence was 0.8% (n=1, HIV profile 1), and hepatitis B prevalence was 11.6% (n=14). For hepatitis C and syphilis no donors were tested positive. There was no significant difference between CMV seroprevalence and sex (p=0.314) or status (p=0.09).

In the decade of unrivalled growth, companies have enjoyed the morning sun. This sun has empowered their monetary growth, helped them develop new market niches and focus on expansion/improvement of the business. As a result of management failure, companies have immensely failed to understand their employees. They treat their employees as mere workers who contribute to the profits but often fail to consider them as one of the greatest assets of the organisation. The result of this leads to increased levels of stress among employees and this leaves them with what is known as burnout. This situation of burnout often leads to higher level of stress among employees. Stress is a general component and people from practically all social statuses need to confront it. Organisations today are investigating the reasons behind higher levels of stress that ultimately lead to unsatisfactory job performance among employees. The primary motive is to do an extensive study on the impact of stress on employees’ performance. Moreover, this research paper will throw light upon few factors that lead to an increased level of stress among employees and how their productivity is hindered due to the same. There is an immense need for employers to treat their employees as their assets and be all ears to their problems. Stress and employees’ performance are directly proportional to each other. One of the major reasons behind employees being stressed is the lack of appreciation and motivation by their superiors.

Mental harassment as a method of managing pupil discipline in primary schools is currently unlawful in line with the Basic Education Act, 2013 after it had been established to be one of the causes of pupil indiscipline. However, despite the ban, by the year 2015, Emuhaya Sub-County had a higher rate of indiscipline cases where there were 833 (53%) cases, 644(43%) in Vihiga Sub-County and 543(37%) in Hamisi Sub county; and 2750 (42%) at national level. The objective of the study was to establish the influence of implementation of ban of mental harassment on pupil discipline in Emuhaya Sub County. A conceptual framework consisting of implementation of ban of mental harassment as the independent variable and pupil discipline as the dependent variable was used. The results showed that there was a weak negative relationship between mental harassment and level of discipline of pupils: where r = -.065, N=71 and P > .05. This meant that ban of mental harassment did not significantly influence pupil discipline. The study recommends that ban of mental harassment be fully implemented in primary schools. The study is significant in as it informs the stakeholders in education, that is learners, teachers, policy makers and members of school management boards that mental harassment ban should be reconsidered in primary schools with the view of improving pupil discipline.

Objectives: The use of radiological examination is increasing worldwide. Since radiation exposure can result in many health hazards, medical professionals, as well as medical students, should possess adequate knowledge regarding radiation and its related hazards to protect themselves and the patients. Many studies have assessed medical students’ knowledge on this topic, but never in Kerala. In this study, we aimed to examine medical students’ awareness and knowledge regarding radiological examination modalities and their risks on themselves and their patients. To examine the level of knowledge about the radiation exposure to various radiological modalities among the medical students and to suggest how education could be improved. Material and Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, population-based study, conducted among all medical students and interns from Believers Church Medical College Hospital in Kerala. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of their actual knowledge on ionizing radiation and various radiation safety issues. A total knowledge score that ranged from 0 to 20 was calculated for each participant, with higher scores indicating better knowledge regarding radiation doses and the related hazards. All questions were in multiple choice formats ranging from 4 to 5choices. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical software. Results: Four hundred and forty seven students participated in our study, with a response rate of 71%. The average knowledge score of the participants was 10.97 ± 1.31 out of a maximum of 20 points. More than half of the students were aware of radiation shielding and the contraindication to radiological modalities. Approximately 78.9% of respondents underestimated or do not know the American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria. Conclusion: This study has clearly shown that awareness of ionizing radiation from diagnostic imaging is lacking among senior medical students and interns. The results highlight the need for improved education to minimize unnecessary exposure of patients.

The Italian management of the coronavirus epidemic by the technical scientific committee (TSC) was a failure according to an editorial in the prestigious English journal NATURE as reported in the first decade of March 2021. According to a study published in Science by the Emory University of Atlanta, the coronavirus will take on an endemic character and its lethality, i.e. mortality of the infected, will end up settling around 0.1% below seasonal flu, therefore strong social distancing. It is not the solution, the lockdown, masks, closures, hunting for the infected, blaming the people. Who gets sick must be treated, using hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and healing people at home. Used cortisone and heparin and avoided thrombus embolisms. People died because the correct drugs were not used. The incidence of asymptomatic positive cases in Wuhan post-lockdown was very low (0.303 / 10,000) and there was no evidence that the cases identified as positive asymptomatic were infectious. As attested by the few data made public by the pharmaceutical companies that produce them, the current vaccines do not guarantee a perennial immunity nor, even less, a “sterile immunity” to the vaccine that continues, therefore, to transmit the virus. They only promise to reduce the symptoms of the infection; symptoms that in 90-95% of the "infected" do not even manifest themselves. It would have been logical, therefore, that only the elderly were vaccinated in whom the onset of Covid represents a real danger. If seniors over 80 had been vaccinated in January as originally planned, there would have been no 500 deaths per day. Instead, a mass vaccination has been chosen which - in addition to multiplying the risks, inevitably associated with vaccines - will not guarantee even temporary herd immunity. There are currently three major genetic variants of COVID-19. these mutations typically arise when the virus is subjected to selective pressure by antibodies that limit but do not eliminate viral replication. the specific antibodies, which neutralize the virus, are still able to act on the viral "spike" protein, despite the sequence changes of the viral nucleic acid being present in the D614G variant, as in the other subsequent ones that have the purpose of allowing survival of viral particles. Protease inhibitors have been effective in the treatment of other viral pathogens such as HIV and the hepatitis C virus, both alone and in combination with other antivirals. Currently commercialized therapies that target viral proteases are generally not associated with toxicity and as such, this class of molecules can potentially provide well-tolerated treatments against COVID-19.

Chylothorax is an extremely rare complication of pulmonary resections of lung cancer. Traditionally, it is treatment initiated with drainage, conservative and somatostatin. Later, pleurodesis and intrathoracic ductus mass ligation are other surgical options. In our study, we present a case of chylothorax after lobectomy in lung cancer. Conservative, somatostatin, pleurodesis and intrathoracic ductus mass ligation were not successful. Serious clinical deterioration was observed due to the continued increasing chylous drainage. Since permanent chylothorax is associated with mortality, method was considered for stopping chylous drainage. Treatment was completed with intraabdominal ductus ligation (proximal cisterna chile).

Impacted mandibular 3rd molar is most common in younger adults and the patient seeks treatment whenever there is pain, swelling or any other discomfort such as sensory disturbances. Although the rate of complication is low, the efforts to limit intraoperative or postoperative complications may have a great impact in terms of enhancing patient outcome. Mandibular Impacted third molar are in close proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve, lingualnerve, mylohyoid nerve and buccal nerves. Each of these nerves is at risk of damage during surgical removal of mandibular third molar, but the most troublesome complications result from inferior alveolar or lingual nerve injuries. The majority of these injuries results in transient sensory disturbance but, in some cases, permanent paraesthesia (abnormal sensation), hypoaesthesia (reduced sensation) or, even worse, some form of dysaesthesia (unpleasant abnormal sensation) can occur. This paper reviews the lingual nerve injury after surgical removal of mandibular third molar and how to prevent from lingual nerve injury.

Background-The respiratory disease brought about by the COVID19 (Coronavirus) is a pandemic with serious clinical manifestations, including death, and influencing nations on all landmasses. On March 11, 2020, the World Health proclaimed that the worldwide spread of the novel Coronavirus infection, was a pandemic. The sheer size of numbers coupled with high virulence of the infection has set off nationwide lockdowns across huge wraps of the globe. In such an emergency, there are ingredients at risk to stir up our ethical principles, sharpen our ethical dilemmas, and lead to situations of languishing over guardians. Main Body- In India, a few states have uniform guidelines, while other states have no approaches at all. Doctors constrained by the density of work, the absence of promptly accessible beds and the conceivable outcomes of moving patients to settle on agonizingly experienced decisions that were in contrast to their basic ethical principles and source of immediate burden. While Coronavirus has taken our whole concentration in treatment, we appear to have overlooked our non-Coronavirus patients? Conclusion - The ethical challenges that have emerged are probably going to persevere for quite a while on account of the drawn-out impact of changes in health care practice, economies, and social norms. The requirement for cautiousness about viral contagion need not diminish a likewise significant message: COVID or NO COVID, we are still here to care for you.

Introduction: Hydrocele is one of the commonly encountered cases in Surgical OPD in Govt Kilpauk Medical college hospital. Aim of the Study: The study was conducted to compare between the advantages and disadvantages of Inguinal approach and Scrotal approach in hydrocele surgeries. Materials and Methods: A randomised controlled study was done in a tertiary care hospital between September 2018 and September 2019 in two groups. Group A underwent hydrocele surgery by INGUINAL approach and group B underwent hydrocele surgery by SCROTAL approach. Results: Both groups were compared and analysed. Statistically significant results were attained. The post-operative stay, post-operative pain, discharge from wound were less in Inguinal approach than Scrotal approach. Early return to work is observed with inguinal approach. Duration of surgery was more with Inguinal approach than Scrotal approach. Conclusion: Inguinal approach was found to be superior to scrotal approach in Hydrocele surgeries.

Background: Differentiation between types of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) whether physiological or pathological is essential for Management and/or follow up. Purpose: To examine the accuracy of 2D and 3D strain and LV dyssynchrony for differentiating athletes with moderate LVH (13—15 mm) from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Patients & Methods: A prospective case control study carried out at Benha University Hospitals, Cardiology Department and National Heart Institute during the period from March 2019 to September 2020.The study included 100 subjects divided into four groups:First Group: 25 competitive athletes with moderate LVH (13—15 mm),Second Group: 25 competitive athletes without LVH, Third Group: 25 patients with HCM and moderate LVH (13—15 mm), andFourth Group: 25 sedentary healthy subjects (control group). Results: Our result reported thatthere is a significant difference between athletes with LVH and HCM group regarding 2D & 3D GLS, GRS and GAS (where these measures were higher in athletes with LVH). Also, there is a significant difference between Athletes without LVH and HCM group GRS and GAS (where these measures were higher in athletes without LVH) while no significant difference between groups regarding GCS. Also, LV end-diastolic diameter has the highest sensitivity (98%) with cutoff < 54 mm for distinguishing HCM from athletes with or without moderate LVH with high significance (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We demonstrated that a preserved 2D and 3D longitudinal strain function and the absence of LV dyssynchrony can be used to exclude HCM, while abnormal longitudinal function associated with dyssynchrony is specific to HCM.

Recent concerns about environmental pollution and escalating energy consumption accompanied by the advancements in battery technology have initiated the electrification of the transportation sector and the exponential growth of electrical vehicles in the near future, utilities need to be prepared to maintain reliability of the grid. The primary impacts on electrical systems are generation adequacy, generation flexibility, transmission grid capacity, and distribution grid capacity. With the universal resurgence of Electric Vehicles (EVs) the adverse impact of the EV charging loads on the operating parameters of the power system has been noticed..Further, the penalty paid by the utility for the degrading performance of the power system cannot be neglected. The high charging loads of the fast charging stations results in increased peak load demand, reduced reserve margins, voltage instability, and reliability problems. This work aims to investigate the impact of the EV charging station loads on the voltage stability, power losses, reliability indices, as well as economic losses of the distribution network. The main challenge of electrification of transportation expansion lies in the distribution networks and the overloading of network assets: 1. Medium voltage substations may be needed 2. Replacement of the head feeders and the distribution transformers, optimal allocation of charging infrastructure and lack of regulation. Electrification of transportation provides utilities a way to solve the challenges of flat electricity demand, optimize decentralized systems, and improve customer engagement. Planning for E-Mobility can help mitigate utility pain points and provide new means of opportunity. Utilities are a critical partner for connecting vehicle charging stations to the grid and have the capabilities to own, operate, and support the charging infrastructure. In this project proposed approach for a real and reactive power analysis and harmonics in a charging current at the grid side and based on a novel Voltage stability, Reliability, and Power loss (VRP) index. The entire analysis is performed on the IEEE 14 bus test system representing a standard radial distribution network. The simulation model developed in a MATLAB Simulink tools and verified with corresponding factors.

L’évaluation constitue l’une des étapes principales de processus dans tous les domaines des sciences (sanitaire, éducatifs, judiciaire…) dans lequel elle apprécie la qualité et la quantité des acquisitions réalisées. Ce processus implique des objectifs, des instruments de mesures et un ensemble d’informations.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of major disease of the world today causing significant morbidity and mortality. The perception of wellbeing of the patient of the diabetes is usually negatively impacted. ‘Wellbeing’ of the person is subjective and depends on the personal perception and is difficult to measure. Therefore, the quality of life is considered as the overall measure of the wellbeing of a person. Objectives: The present study was carried out in order to know the quality of life of the diabetics which include their physical, mental, and social wellbeing. Materials and Methods: The present study is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. A pre-designed, pre-tested, and semi-structured questionnaire, “MOS SF-36 v 2” was used to determine the quality of life of the study participants. Results: MALE participants had higher quality of life scores, when compared to female participants with 68.54 ± 15.41 and 53.87 ± 14.12 scores respectively. This difference was found to be statistically significant.The quality of life was higher in patients with normal BMI when compared with patients with obesity or over weight which was statistically significant. The quality of life in patients with longer duration of the diabetes was poorer when compared to the patients with shorter duration of diabetes. The quality of life in patients with comorbidities was poorer when compared to the patients with shorter duration of diabetes. Conclusions: The quality of life is compromised in the diabetics who were females and had co morbidities, with longer duration of diabetes and the patients who were overweight

A new Schiff base 3-[3-(hydroxyimino)butan-2-ylidene]hydrazinylidene}methyl]phenol) has been synthesized by the condensation of m-hydroxybenzaldehyde and diacetylmonoximehydrazone (1:1 molar ratio). Its complexes with trivalent lanthanides (La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Gd3+, Tb3+ and Dy3+) have been synthesized. The ligand has two coordination sites, azomethine and oximinonitrogens take part in coordination. The complexes have been assigned the general formula [Ln(DMHmHB)2NO3] on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment, PMR, electronic absorption and FT(IR) spectral studies. The electronic spectra of the complexes of La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Gd3+, Tb3+ and Dy3+ have been analyzed and discussed. The spectral parameters show covalent nature of bonding between the metal and the synthesized ligand.