March 2025

National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) is India's premier institute for dairy research, established in 1955, located in Karnal, Haryana, having been accorded with the status of Deemed University since 1989. NDRI operates under the aegis of Indian Council of Agricultural Research. National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal was established in the year 1923 in Bangalore as Imperial Institute of Animal Husbandry and Dairying. In 1947, the institute was renamed as National Dairy Research Institute. Later in 1955, the college was shifted to Karnal. NDRI offers various courses such as diploma programme in DT & Animal Husbandry & Dairying, undergraduate programme (B.Tech in Dairy Technology), postgraduate programme in Dairying, and diploma of philosophy. Situated on the sprawling 560 hectare campus at Karnal, NDRI has over 1800 dairy animals with modern milking parlour system and shelter management system catering to breed improvement projects and other research activities, number of labs equipped with the state-of-the-art analytical instrument to conduct research in most advanced areas of biotechnology, molecular biology, cell structure, fermentation technology, protein chemistry, nutritional studies, food technology and micro element analysis.Nearly 160 highly qualified and experienced scientists and 185 technical staff, in addition to administrative and supporting staff, work at NDRI to run its research and academic programmes having total annual budget of over Rs 215 crores.

Purpose: This review explores Gender Dysphoria (GD), previously referred to as Gender Identity Disorder, by examining its medical, psychological, and social dimensions. It assesses the current landscape of transgender healthcare in India, compares it with global trends, and highlights the role of plastic surgery and emerging medical innovations in shaping gender-affirming care. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate. Search terms included “Gender Dysphoria,” “Transgender Healthcare,” “Gender-Affirming Surgery,” and “Mental Health and Transgender Individuals.” Only peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2025 were included. Selection criteria prioritized methodological rigor, inclusion of both Indian and global perspectives, and relevance to the medical and psychological aspects of Gender Dysphoria. Results: Global prevalence rates of Gender Dysphoria range from 0.3% to 1.3%, whereas India reports a lower recorded prevalence of 0.04%, likely due to underreporting and societal stigma. Gender-affirming surgeries (GAS) have seen a significant global increase, and India has witnessed a growing demand, driven by affordability, medical tourism, and rising social acceptance. However, barriers such as inadequate insurance coverage, lack of trained professionals, and healthcare discrimination continue to limit access for transgender individuals. Conclusion: India is emerging as a prominent hub for gender-affirming care, but systemic challenges such as social stigma, inadequate professional training, and limited insurance coverage persist. Future research should focus on evaluating the long-term psychological and surgical outcomes, expanding insurance policies, and enhancing specialized medical training to ensure equitable access to transgender healthcare.

Les crises humanitaires, notamment les catastrophes naturelles, les conflits et les épidémies de maladies infectieuses, menacent la santé, la sécurité et le bien-être des enfants, des familles et des communautés. La méthode utilisée, est axée sur la revue documentaire mais aussi sur des données quantitatives et qualitatives collectées et analysées de Juillet à Août 2024 dans 6 communes, 30 arrondissements et 60 villages du département de l’Alibori, en République du Bénin. Au total, 611 personnes ont été interviewées avec le questionnaire. Tandis que, 122 entretiens individuels ont été fait avec les personnes ressources. Aussi, 63 focus groups ont été organisés. Cet article analyse la perception des populations d’accueil et des migrants (immigrants et émigrées de retour)surl’existence des risques de radicalisation et d’extrémisme avec les mouvements migratoires dans le département de l’Alibori. Les principaux facteurs de risques identifiés, incluent la marginalisation socio-économique, le manque d’opportunités éducatives et professionnelles, ainsi que l’influence de groupes extrémistes qui exploitent ces vulnérabilités. Les communautés locales perçoivent la radicalisation comme une menace croissante, affectant particulièrement les jeunes. L’étude de ces phénomènes nécessite une approche multidisciplinaire, combinant des méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives. Sur la base des résultats et analyses, il convient de souligner que l’hypothèse de base de cette recherche est confirmée. Effectivement, la diversité des mouvements migratoires dans le département de l’Alibori au Nord-Bénin expose les communes de cette zone à la radicalisation et à l’extrémisme violent. Mais les participants a cette enquête ont une appréciation variée sur l’existence des risques, des attitudes et comportements des migrants face aux phénomènes de radicalisation et d’extrémisme violent. Aussi, le positionnement du département, l’hétérogénéité des migrants, la diversité culturelle et la formation des réseaux sociaux culturelle ou politique sont à la base du risque de la radicalisation et de l’extrémisme violent dans ce département.

Aims & Background: The main aim of this paper is “Toinvestigate the relationship between elevated serum uric acid levels and the disease severity of inflammatory arthritis and spondyloarthropathy.” Materials and Methods: It’s a cross-sectional study conducted for a 6 months duration. Diagnosed cases of arthritis visiting to Orthopaedic OPD or admitted in wards were the study population. A total of 100 patients were selected for the study. Clinical and demographic data were collected from medical records, including, age, sex, duration of disease, disease activity scores (e.g., DAS28 for rheumatoid arthritis, BASDAI for ankylosing spondylitis) and laboratory parameters, including serum uric acid levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: In the Inflammatory Arthritis (IA) group, the mean Disease Activity Score 28 using C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) was 3.1 and in the Spondyloarthropathy (SpA) group, the mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) was 4.2 .The correlation analysis showed higher SUA levels are associated with increased disease activity in both IA and SpA. Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was observed between SUA levels and disease activity scores in both groups. Regression analysis further confirmed this association, demonstrating that elevated SUA levels remained an independent predictor of increased disease activity even after adjusting for age and disease duration. Furthermore, SUA levels were significantly higher in patients with higher disease activity in both IA and SpA. These findings suggest a strong association between elevated SUA levels and increased disease activity in these inflammatory conditions. Clinical significance: Elevated uric acid levels can exacerbate inflammation in joints, potentially worsening symptoms and disease progression. Understanding these effects can lead to improved treatment strategies tailored to managing uric acid levels, thus alleviating symptoms and enhancing quality of life for patients with these conditions.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the education sector and its impact on pupil-teachers training to become educators is significant. AI-powered tools like ChatGPT provide numerous advantages, including quick access to information, assistance in lesson planning, and personalized teaching strategies. These technologies help pupil-teachers develop engaging learning materials, refine their communication skills, and receive instant feedback on their instructional methods. Additionally, AI streamlines administrative work, allowing educators to focus more on interactive teaching. Despite these benefits, AI also presents challenges. Excessive reliance on AI-generated content may hinder the development of independent thinking and creativity among pupil-teachers. They might become too dependent on automated lesson planning instead of crafting their own unique teaching approaches. Furthermore, AI lacks the human touch required to understand students' emotions, motivations, and individual learning needs, which are crucial for effective teaching. To maximize the benefits of AI while addressing its limitations, pupil-teachers should be trained in using these technologies responsibly. Teacher education programs must emphasize critical thinking, ethical AI use, and the importance of maintaining a balance between technology and human interaction in the classroom. In summary, AI and ChatGPT are transforming teacher training by offering valuable support and innovative solutions. However, careful integration of these tools is essential to ensure that future educators develop both technological proficiency and essential teaching skills. Proper guidance and a balanced approach will help pupil-teachers become more effective in the modern educational era.

Background: Monopolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) has long been considered the gold standard for managing Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). In recent years, bipolar TURP has emerged as an alternative, claiming reduced complications. This study aims to compare the outcomes of monopolar versus bipolar TURP (1, 2). Methods: A prospective study of 150 patients undergoing TURP was conducted at a tertiary care center over 18 months. Patients were divided into two groups: monopolar (n=75) and bipolar (n=75). Intraoperative parameters (operative time, blood loss), postoperative recovery (catheterization time, hospital stay), and complications were evaluated. Results: Monopolar TURP demonstrated shorter operative time (mean 55 ± 10 min vs. 65 ± 12 min, p<0.05), lower intraoperative blood loss (average 180 ± 20 mL vs. 250 ± 30 mL, p<0.05), and faster postoperative recovery. Complication rates, including urethral strictures and TUR syndrome, were lower in the monopolar group (5% vs. 12%, p<0.05). Conclusion: Monopolar TURP remains superior to bipolar TURP in terms of operative efficiency, blood loss, and overall patient outcomes, reaffirming its role as the gold standard in BPH surgery.

The aim of this study is to carry out experimental analysis and modelling of the sorption isotherms of construction materials, in particular cement block. The equilibrium desorption and adsorption moisture content of the materials were determined at 40°C using the static gravimetric method. Equilibrium was achieved after 28 days for desorption and 21 days for adsorption. The results show that the isotherms obtained have a sigmoidal shape and are classified by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as type II isotherms. For a fixed temperature, the moisture content of the material varies according to the relative humidity. This moisture content increases with relative humidity. The material has a greater capacity to absorb water as relative humidity increases. The effect of hysteresis is observed at this temperature. Three mathematical models were used to modelsorption isotherms and predict hygroscopic behaviour during absorption or drying. The GAB model, Henderson and Oswin model. The prediction of the isotherms showed that the Henderson model is the most appropriate for describing these isotherms.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients attending the cardio vascular outpatient Department at ASCOMS Hospital Jammu tertiary care centre. Methodology: A cross sectional analysis was conducted, involving 100 patients attending the cardiovascular OPD conducted over 1 month duration. Standardized psychometric assessments, including validated questionnaires like Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ- 9) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder- 7 (GAD - 7) were employed to screen for depression and anxiety respectively. Results: Findings revealed the mean age of participants was 52.2 years. 68% were males and 32% were females.30% of the participants had minimal or no depression, 44% had mild depression, 17% had moderate depression, 9% had moderately severe depression and none had severe depression. Whereas 18% had minimal or no anxiety, 23% had mild anxiety, 30% had moderately anxiety and 29% had severe anxiety. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing depression and anxiety in patients visiting a cardiovascular OPD, shedding light on the holistic care required for individuals with cardiovascular diseases.

This research examines strategies to enhance mathematics achievement among senior-level students at Peace Chapel Christian School, situated within Samoa's diverse educational landscape. Concerns regarding low proficiency and disengagement in mathematics among Year 6 and 7 students prompted a critical investigation into underlying factors. Using a qualitative methodology, insights were collected from students, educators, and parents through open-ended questionnaires. Thematic analysis identified key challenges such as ineffective teaching methods, socio-economic disparities, and cultural influences. The study underscores the necessity of fostering engagement through interactive and collaborative learning, adapting instruction to diverse learning needs, and implementing culturally responsive pedagogy. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks such as Socio-Cultural Theory and Self-Determination Theory, the research proposes a comprehensive approach to mathematics education that prioritizes inclusivity and support. By addressing these challenges and integrating participant insights, the study offers practical recommendations for improving mathematics outcomes at Peace Chapel Christian School and beyond.

The digital revolution has transformed cultural promotion and product marketing globally. Hunan Province, China, rich in cultural heritage and specialty products, can leverage TikTok to enhance its global visibility. This study investigates strategies for promoting Hunan’s culture and products on TikTok, analyzing the platform’s features and successful case studies. Key findings emphasize the importance of authenticity, creativity, and community engagement. The study concludes that TikTok offers significant opportunities for cultural and economic growth in Hunan, despite challenges such as cultural sensitivity and algorithmic competition. Recommendations are provided for stakeholders to optimize their digital marketing strategies on TikTok.

Static conformally flat charged fluid spheres have much attracted the relatives in recent years. In 1968, De and Raychaudhuri (9) have shown that in relativistic unit a pressure-less charged dust distribution in equilibrium will have the absolute value of the charge to mass ratio as unity. Many workers have already studied the charged fluid distribution in equilibrium. The Einstein-Maxwell field equations in the presence of matter and charge from a highly non-liner system of equations and so a small number of exact solution have been obtained. It is believed that exact solutions of the field equations in general relativity for extended charged distribution will prove useful in the study of quantum field theory in a Reimannin manifold as question of self-energy becomes answerable. Sphere of charged dust have been investigated by Papapetrou (23). Bonner and Wickramasuriya (5) and Raychaudhuri (24). It is believed that exact solutions of the field equations in general relativity for extended charged distribution will prove useful in the study of quantum field theory in a Reimannin manifold as question of self-energy becomes answerable. Sphere of charged dust have been investigated by Papapetrou (23). Bonner and Wickramasuriya (5) and Raychaudhuri (24). It is known that the pressure less charged distribution in equilibrium will have the absolute value of the charge to mass ratio as unity in relativistic units (De and Raychaudhuri (9)). Firstly, the solution does not reduce to the interior Schwarzschild solutions when tensor charge density equals zero. This is not surprising as the vanishing of σ_0 does not mean the absence of charge but only implies that the total charge in the sphere is zero. Secondly the gravitational self-energy contribution to the total gravitational mass inversely as the radius of the sphere and not inversely as the square of radius. It can be Mentioned that if one attempts to generalize Kyle and Martin assumption of taking 〖 e〗^λ2 σ(r)∝r^m,m≥0. Q(r)∝r^(m+3), The solution of Wilson can always be overlooked. Hereσ(r) is the proper charge density within the sphere λ is metric potential and Q(r) represent the total charge contained within the sphere of radius r. Q(r) = 4 π∫_0^r▒x^2 e^λ2 σ(x)dx For a spherically symmetric charge distribution the unique exterior metric was obtained by Reissner (25) and Nordstorm (21).

This study aims to investigate the history of the composition and clarify its intellectual property rights by examining the song’s historical and cultural background. The research process involved gathering oral testimonies from scholars familiar with the song’s history, as well as reviewing archival materials, particularly the manuscripts of DorjdagvaJigzav. These sources have provided valuable insights into the timeline of the song’s creation and have helped to accurately identify the contributions made by each of the authors involved. The establishment of these facts is crucial for reaffirming the intellectual ownership of “Soyol-Erdene”, thereby ensuring that proper credit is given to its rightful creators. The research also underscores the critical importance of maintaining precise historical and archival records for songs like “Soyol-Erdene”. Inaccurate documentation not only leads to confusion about the song’s origins but can also result in legal complications regarding intellectual property rights. Therefore, it is recommended that great care be taken when recording the names of composers and lyricists in songbooks and other reference materials used by performers. Finally, this study highlights the necessity of safeguarding the intellectual property rights of Mongolian cultural compositions such as “Soyol-Erdene”. By tracing the song’s history, verifying its authorship, and promoting accurate performances, contribute to the preservation of Mongolia’s cultural heritage.

Crop agronomic performance are mostly related to the agricultural practices used for production. Study was carried out at Kamboinsin, in Burkina Faso, with aim to evaluating the effects the fertilization and planting density on mung bean (Vigna radiata) agronomic performance. The fertilization was at three (03) levels of treatment (control, NPK (14-23-14) and poultry manure), the planting density at three levels (D1:177,777; D2: 133,333 and D3:106,666 plants ha-1) and the genotype at two (02) levels (Beng tigre, M3). The experimental design was a split-split-plot replicated thrice. Growth, yield components and yield related data were collected and subjected to amultifactorial analysis using JMP 16.1.0 version software. Significant means were separated using Student Newman Kheuls’s test at 5% threshold. The results showed that fertilizing with organic matter resulted in the highest number of branches per plant, leaf chlorophyll content, number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, pod yield per hectare, number of grain per pod, hundred grains weight, grain weight per plant, grain yield per hectare and harvest index. The mineral fertilization (NPK) was more favorable to a high aerial biomass. The lowest performance were registered from the control. Plants were highly performing under the planting density D1 (177,777 plants ha-1). Decreasing plant population densities led to a progressive decrease in agronomical performance of mung bean. Beng-tigre is the most grain productive and recommendable compared to the M3 genotype. The type of fertilizer, the planting density and the genotype have significant influence on mung bean production.