January 2022

21st century is essentially an era of information, communication and technology. New economic policy opened up thousands of career opportunities to the aspiring youth. Because of globalization and privatization, there is no place for any kind of compromise as far as qualitative metrics are concerned. Students have to prove their potentialities in order to create their own position in the career market. Students of humanities especially, languages and social sciences have good career opportunities in the fields like marketing, BPO/ KPO industry, banking, finance, insurance, management, HR sections of MNCs, business administration, counseling, media, entertainment and journalism, editing and translation, event management, compering, hoteling and tourism, public relations departments etc. No doubt our students work hard and achieve good marks in the examination. They obtain good score in the final year examination. Students are having necessary hard skills in computer, Tally, MS Word, Excel, animation, PowerPoint etc. Our students lack focused approach which is a key factor in becoming successful in the life. Workshops on ‘Soft Skills’ at UG level provide the best platform for students to realize their potentialities and make career planning accordingly. The present research focuses on enhancing employable skills among the UG students of languages and social sciences through soft skills.

Today is the world of tough competition; any industries in the world are under a constant dilemma to reduce cost and improve quality. To overcome this dilemma and confusion, company are required to follow some modern techniques like Active Base Costing, Target Costing, life cycle costing, Kaizen costing and many other available techniques. But most popular among this are Kaizen costing. By using the kaizen techniques company can increase their production and improved overall efficiency of the company. This paper discussed on different literature that have been published in the field of Kaizen techniques and present a Review of literature. This review of literature will help to the new researched for their further studies.

Humanitarian aid is currently experiencing a major economic and organizational crisis. Initially direct aid has been prioritized and standardized with a view to efficiency, making it counter-productive and exposing it to numerous criticisms. This is why we are currently witnessing a refocusing on the ethics of action, one of the most explicit symptoms of which seems to be the increasing attention paid to resilience. It becomes problematic, then, to ask how ethics in humanitarianism contribute to building the resilience of the vulnerable for socially sustainable development. Based on the hypothesis that ethical humanitarianism plays an important role in building the resilience of beneficiaries towards sustainable development, this work attempts to assess the extent to which ethical humanitarianism contributes to the resilience of the vulnerable. This work attempts to assess the impact of ethical humanitarianism on the level of resilience and development of beneficiaries through a sample of 300 beneficiaries.

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and believe regarding influenza vaccination in family medicine residents. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among family medicine residents at Makkah Al-Mokrramah joint program, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was administered by web based survey in September – November 2020. It composed of 5 sections; general information of participants, their awareness, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding influenza vaccine. Results: One hundred and sixty three (n=163) family medicine residents have included in the final report. More than half of them (51.5%) were females. Almost half of them (49.7%) were aware of the published guidelines Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), Scientific Committee for Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination (SCIPV) or CDC for influenza immunization; particularly among R4 residents, p=0.034. Male physicians were more likely than females to believe that administering the influenza vaccine should be part of their medical practice (91.1% vs. 78.6%), p=0.026. Most (76.1%) of the family medicine residents have taken routine vaccination against influenza. Among those who did not routinely vaccinated against influenza (n=39), the main reasons were believing that the vaccine will make them sick (43.6%), dislike needles (17.9%), no big deal as they had flu before (17.9%) and believing that the flue is not so serious (17.9%). The commonest reported barriers preventing family medicine physicians from giving influenza vaccine to some or all patients were concerns regarding vaccine safety for patients (54.0%), availability (42.3%) and concerns regarding vaccine safety for them (30.7%). Discussion: Knowledge level of family medicine residents in Makkah Al-Mokrramah regarding influenza vaccination is acceptable in many parts; however it is defective in some other parts. Their attitude is overall encouraging and coverage rate is acceptable, but can be improved.

Smilax anceps leaves are used in the treatment of arthritis and rheumatism in traditional medicine. The anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol leaf extract of Smilax anceps were investigated using carrageen an and egg albumin assays with in vitro human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. Fifty albino rats divided into twenty-fivealbino rats for each in-vivo model were then sub-divided into five groups of five rats each and were used. The first three groups received doses of the extract at (250, 500 and 1000mg/kg) respectively, while the control groups were treated with ibuprofen 20mg/kg and distilled water. All administrations were done through the oral route. Inflammation was induced by right hind limb sub-plantar administration of 0.1ml of 1% w/v carrageenan injection and 0.1 ml of fresh egg albumin in the respective in-vivo models. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, tannins and flavonoids while the LD50 was found to be greater than 5000mg/kg. There was a statistically significant (P<0.05-0.01) inhibition of inflammation in both carrageen an and egg albumin induced inflammation when the extracts at doses of (250, 500 and 1000mg/kg) were compared against the positive control group at 5 hours, and at 300 minutes respectively in both models after induction of inflammation. The plant extract also showed a good inhibition of erythrocyte membrane lysis. The findings showed that ethanol leaf extract of Smilax anceps possesses anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing activities.

Introduction and background: Robotic revolution has influenced all aspects of human life, the field of medicine is one of them. Robotic technology is the latest in surgical armamentarium that looks very promising. Versius is the next-generation robotic system, developed by a British private limited company CMR surgical, which has been useful in conducting over 1000 surgeries globally by November 2020 since its introduction in the year 2018. The aim of the present review article is to give an objective evaluation of robotic technology and to share our experience on total robotic hysterectomy with or without salpingo-ophorectomy using Versius robotic system. Methods: A review of the literature on robotics was undertaken using google search. Various studies describing the history and development of robots in the field of surgery were included in the present study. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and intraoperative and follow-up data were obtained with data collection forms from electronic medical records and history given by six patients planned for hysterectomy with Versius robot admitted in PSRI Hospital, Delhi. All the patients had completed their family and they underwent Hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy by Versius robotic system. Results: During the course of this study for seven patients who underwent total robotic hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingoophorectomy average duration was 207 minutes and the indication for the surgery in five patients was abnormal uterine bleeding and in two patients it was postmenopausal bleeding. The average intraoperative blood loss was 120 ml. six out of seven patients were discharged the next day after the procedure. Conclusion: The evolution of robotic armamentarium in the surgical field is no doubt a milestone. We figured out that, robotic surgery can be highly advantageous with the learning curve and appropriate training and skill, along with proper patient selection. Versius robotic system is a revolution in the healthcare system, not only it is doctor friendly also it is patient-friendly too. For minimally invasive gynecologic surgery, Robot-assisted surgery provides an alternative surgical tool.

Introduction: Fatigue is a significant and frequently encountered health complaint that may accompany many medical conditions, communicable and non-communicable. Long-Covid is increasingly presenting to general practice and specialist neurology and rheumatology clinics which in most cases involves elements of CFS causing sudden increase in the patients seeking solutions for chronic fatigue. Results: There are many supplements offered commercially for the treatment of fatigue. Some are categorised as complementary or traditional medicines and are not licensed or controlled as medicinal products. Of those licensed as medicines, many are not licenced for the treatment of fatigue, so are prescribed ‘off-label.’ Patients have reported variable experiences with the different supplements and medications discussed. This paper attempts to document the available evidence for their efficacy in the treatment of fatigue. Conclusion: In almost all cases, only some patients derive any benefit and the benefits found are marginal culture RCT comparative studies using standardised products from those listed in this review are required to be able to make a definitive conclusion.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare congenital anomalies resulting from the direct communication between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins without the interposition of a capillary bed with an increased risk of severe complications such as rupture, haemothorax, and hypovolemic shock. We report a case of Complex type PAVMs with 34 week pregnancy presented with dyspnoea, cyanosis and underwent intrauterine death.

Fever is one of the reasons for consultation in Cameroon. Malaria and typhoid fever are the first incriminated, constitute public health problems in Cameroon. In Bangangté’s Health District, these two diseases are managed by modern medicine and / or traditional practitioners, each according to his approach. This study aims to describe the management of fever by traditional medicine and modern medicine in order to explore the possibilities of collaboration. The methodological approach was based on a cross-sectional study with a sample of 65 patients and 50 health care providers. The data collections tools used was the questionnaires and the interview’s protocol, their practices and their opinions of the care of others. We have also investigated the in vitro efficacy of traditional therapeutics on S typhi and E Coli. The study was conducted in hospitals and traditional healers in the department of Ndé during the period from 02ndJanuary to 30thJune 2018.The patients were submitted to the consensual admission for the treatment of typhoid and malaria in the hospital and a mixture of several plants, parts of plants and eggs usually used by traditional healers. The treatment follow-up criteria were clinical and paraclinical. This study shows that traditional medicine relies more than we think on modern medicine for clinical diagnosis of diseases but, especially for Para clinics. There are informals exchange of patients between these two systems of medicine. The follow-up of the patients in the two systems shows that, in traditional medicine, for these diseases, fever drops as from the second day of treatment whereas with the modern medicine, it is necessary to wait three to four days to observe an improvement. At the 15th day, all the parameters perturbated are normalized for all the Protocols. It appears that the treatment of typhoid with a juice of Ocinum gratissinum, Lemon citrus, egg yolk and that of malaria by a tea made from tuna Ficus thonmigu (bark), Bidens pilosa (leaf), Eremonasta speciase, Ocimum gratissimum (leaf), Cymbopogon citratus (fruit), citrus (fruit) and Aloes vera are effective. An extract based on the potion used to treat typhoid has a bactericidal activity, were better for Salmonella typhi than for Colibacille, confirming the activity of this potion on typhoid fever. Formalized clinical trials deserves to be undertaken on galenic preparations ensuring a better stability of these preparations. Based on this conclusion, we recommendates to health sector decision-makers in Cameroon that, traditional medicine which is often closer to the population, can be integrated into the medicine’s modern circuit for more effective care of patients as in West Africa (Senegal) for example.

Coals are heterogeneous combustible sedimentary rocks made by the decay and deposition of organic and inorganic materials derived from plant parts in past geological processes. The major elemental constituents of coal consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with lesser amounts of sulphur and nitrogen. Inorganic coal constituents like ash, are mostly derived from ash-forming compounds distributed throughout the coal. The Krishnshila coal mine selected for this study belongs to NCL (Northern Coalfields Limited).Five coal samples were collected and analyzed for their proximate, ultimate analysis, and gross calorific value estimation. According to laboratory analysis, the gross calorific values of these coals fall into the G-7, G8, G9, and G-6 grades, which determine the fuel's energy content, while the moisture content and carbon content define its heat value. Moisture content affects the burning power. Coals are bituminous in nature, medium to high in volatiles. After the beneficiation, coal KLS-4 and KLS-5 can be used in coke-based industries. This study will help in the better utilization of theses coal in various industries.

Introduction: En République Démocratique du Congo, l’un des problèmes majeurs de santé publique rencontré dans l’immunisation, est la recrudescence des maladies évitables par la vaccination. L’une des causes serait l’inachèvement des séries vaccinales chez les enfants de 0 à 11 mois dans le PEV de routine. Elle reste l’une des mesures préventives primordiale en matière de soins de santé primaire. Mais bien que la vaccination ait permis de lutter contre certaines maladies infectieuses, elle n’a pourtant pas atteint son plein potentiel. Cette étude vise à évaluer la couverture vaccinale des enfants de 12 à 14 mois dans la cité de Malemba. Méthodes: Il s'agit d'une étude descriptive transversale couvrant la période allant de Février à Mai 2021. L'étude a porté sur 369 repondantes et enfants de 4 aires de santé de la cité de Malemba (AS Kametemete, AS Nyoka, AS Mukomutombo et AS Kyamakanza). Les données ont été saisies et encodées avec le logiciel EPI INFO version 3.3.2. Résultats: La proportion des enfants complètement vaccinés par le BCG était de 100%, pour le DTC-HEPB Hib1 était de 98,6%, DTC-HEPB Hib2 était de 91,8% ; pour le DTC-HEPB Hib3 était de 79,2% et 51,4% pour le VAR et VAA. On remarquait ainsi une diminution progressive de proportion d’où la proportion des enfants complètement vaccinés, s’avérait être de 44,1% soit un taux très faible. Les raisons de non vaccination évoquées par la plupart des mères était la perte des carnets de vaccination avec 35, 2% ; la négligence de certaines mères avec 12,3% ; refus sans raison avec 19,9% etc. Conclusion: Cette étude est une photographie ou un enregistrement des évènements de santé de manière instantanée. Et la couverture vaccinale chez les enfants de 12 à 14 mois dans la cité de Malemba est faible.

Food is a necessary response to the body's needs and also a highly socialized practice that exposes the consumer in making a choice in these behaviors. The objective of this work is to analyze the food behaviors in connection with the nutritional status of women in sedentary and pastoral households. To do this, a dietary survey of 845 households was conducted as part of this cross-sectional analytical study. Multiple linear regression was applied to see the relationship between dietary behaviors and the nutritional status of women. Thus, the results revealed that most (74.3%) of the households usually eat 3 meals a day and that breakfast (90.9%) and eating between meals (81.6%) are frequent. The results also show that 93.4% of households do not systematically add salt to ready-to-eat meals. On the other hand, 92.6% of the respondents do not take food supplements. However, the addition of chili to meals remains a reality in both sedentary and pastoral settings. In fact, more than half (65.2%) of urban households add pepper to their dish before and/or at the time of eating. On the other hand, low consumption of meat (78.2%), fish (86%), milk/dairy products (66.7%) and fruit/vegetables (76.3%) was recorded. Also, the frequency of consumption of fruit/vegetables (85%), milk/dairy products (74.1%) and the meat/fish/egg group (82.5%) was below the recommended norm. At the same time, the assessment of nutritional status shows that 70.4% of women have a normal nutritional status. Leanness is much more prevalent in rural (24.9%) and pastoral (12.5%) areas, while overweight (25.7%) and obesity (11.4%) are frequent in urban areas. Nevertheless, the dietary behavior of households influences the nutritional status of women. Indeed, this association is significant between the nutritional status of women and dietary behaviors such as, frequency of consumption of meat (Beta 0.327 and P-value 0.000) and oils (Beta 0.106 and P-value 0.007), number of meals taken by households (Beta 0.189 and P-value 0.011), fat (Beta 0.087 and P-value 0.027), meat (Beta 0.081 and P-value 0, 030) in household diets, household perceptions of quantity of food (Beta -0.163 and P-value 0.000), frequency of consumption of milk/dairy products (Beta -0.094 and P-value 0.015), the routine addition of chili peppers to dishes (Beta -0.078 and P-value 0.018), and the number of meals eaten at home (Beta -0.140 and P-value 0.045) by households. Dietary behavior is a key factor to consider in ensuring better nutrition for the population.

Background: Patients admission in an intensive care unit is a distressing event for both patient and their family member. It is usually unexpected and sudden, whereby families might suffer uncertainty and shock that may precipitate familial disequilibrium due to lack of preparedness of the situation. Family’s coping contributes a great deal in patient’s recovery. The main focus of health care provider is on patients and not towards the family members who are in a state of crisis and need some sort of assurance to cope with the situation. The study tries to find out the level of sleep disturbance, anxiety, fatigue and most importantly the coping strategies adopted by the family members. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted wherein113 samples were selected by non probability purposive sampling technique from selected hospitals of East Sikkim. The data was collected by using Pre structured sleep disturbance questionnaire and Standardized tool (Chalder Fatigue scale, and Coping strategies inventory). Data were analysed by using SPSS version 25. Results: The study finding revels that majority of the samples who experienced sleep disturbance was64.6 %, severe fatigue 63.3% and 85.8% of the sample experienced high level of anxiety. Positive coping strategy adopted by family members was found to be 61.07% and negative was 38.93%. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that family members of patient admitted in intensive care unit experiencedsleep disturbanceanxiety and severefatigue. Although majority of the family members used positive coping, the family members who used negative coping contributes 38.93 % which should be of concern.

There were many changes that came in education system in India. Education board was established for better education. In this research Paper briefly read about the education board and the nature of society of Punjab With the establishment of East India Company, the supremacy of the British in India increased but education in general was neglected. With the efforts of some Christian missionaries only few institutions were established. There were many changes that happened in the development of education. Many efforts were made by social organizations to re-establish the education system in different States of India.

This article aimed at investigating staff members’ technological pedagogical content knowledge at the Faculty of Education, Zagazig University. The participants were 16 staff members from the Faculty of Education, Zagazig University. The researcher adopted quasi experimental design method. To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher designed Staff Members’ Technological pedagogical content knowledge Questionnaire (TPACK) at the Faculty of Education, Zagazig University. The results showed the important connections between pedagogical training and selection of suitable technology, and between personal technology use and the choice of proper technology. Hence, this study recommends that staff members should continue to model the use of technology so that their students can increasingly update their technological knowledge through observation and learning.

This work aims to analyze the use of shelters by Lontra longicaudis, through microsatellite analysis. DNA extraction is performed according to the silica-guanidine methodology. Qui-square test (χ²) is applied to check sample differences. The similarity of genotypes in the shelters is calculated using the Morisita Index of Similarity and the Jaccard Community Coefficient. Two shelters exhibited high similarities. These preliminary results suggest that the size of the otter population is, at least six individuals, and different otters can use the same shelters.

Background: One third of patients diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax may need surgery.1,2 There patients with significant comorbidities who cannot afford operation, blood patch pleurodesis (patients’ blood in thoracic cavity) may resolve the problem. Was noticed that can resolve also small air leaks post procedures in thoracic surgery like lobectomies, decortication.3 Methods: During the years 2017 -2021, seventeen patients, underwent blood patch pleurodesis at the Thoracic Surgery Department, General Hospital of Nicaea, Greece. Results: During the years 2017 -2021, seventeen patients (only one female) underwent blood patch pleurodesis, age 32- 84 mean age 67 years. An 82 year old male with significant comorbidities like heart failure very emphysematous lungs underwent blood patch pleurodesis 20ml the first time and a day after another 20 ml uneventfully. Another 83 year old male with significant respiratory failure and very emphysematous lungs, underwent blood patch pleurodesis 20ml autologous blood for three days successfully. He was discharged home with a valve and in a week time the chest drain was removed successfully with no recurrence. Three patients post surgeryfor spontaneous secondary pneumothorax (post pneumonia emphysematous lungs and heavy smokers) underwent successfully blood patch pleurodesis 30ml by the first time. There was another 32 old male operated for pneumothorax and post procedure he developed Covid 19. He underwent twice blood patch pleurodesis 20mls each day. He was discharged home with valve in quarantine for a week. Within a week post discharge ha was negative and his left lung was fully expanded and the thoracic drain was removed. Blood patch also was used successfully for five male patients who underwent decortication for mesothelioma and discharged home the sixth postoperative day. Another 73 year old male post decortication for empyema. Pleurodesis with blood was efficient for another five patients post lobectomy. Reduced the hospital stay at 6, 5, 4, 5 and 5 days for each patient. All above patients temperature was 37,5 and 38 C nocte and only once. Conclusion: Pleurodesis with blood is very useful for spontaneous pneumothorax treatment. Also is very helpful for small air leaks post thoracic surgery like lobectomies, decortication. Considered as alternative solution.

In EVTD2 entity theory all original space-time is homogeneous and its structure in quantum entities results from a sorting stack of small energy volumes EVTD2, which are filled with even smaller elementary electric dipoles (Substrata) (1). This universal configuration is set up and maintained by the Electromagnetic Mother Wave (EMW) (2). So, in this theory the whole base of space-time would be entirely electromagnetic. From this, multiple transformations of these dipoles, according to the specific local circumstances, can generate the appearances of light atomic elements H, He and Li for example and even the heaviest, which by being agglutinated can materialize the diversity in matter. constituting the stars. Initially a heterogeneity or a phenomenon adapted in a certain zone of the cosmos can, by the work of the EMW wave, generate a zonal concentration of Substrata of the surroundings and thus create a black hole strongly filled, at the start, with elementary matter of very high energy which will, therefore, locally give particularly very high temperatures. It follows therefore a whole range of possible processes of transformations of the basic dipoles. The pattern of an original generation of matter in this area is therefore representative of an anti-Big Bang process by multiplication, identically, in other distant areas of the cosmos. Thus, the EVTD2 space-time of the Universe, already in place would fill with its galaxies which would represent its appearance of expansion in volume of visible matter over time since the dipoles Substrata (dark matter) do not emit electromagnetic waves external to their elements.

The following filtration flows with unknown free boundaries are investigated: in case of a flow past the Zhukovsky groove in the case when the soil layer is underlain along its entire length with an impermeable base and evaporation from the free surface occurs; in case of a flow past the Zhukovsky groove in the case when the underlying layer is a completely well-permeable aquifer and infiltration occurs on the free surface; when groundwater moves in a rectangular bridge with a partially impenetrable vertical wall in the presence of evaporation from the free surface; when groundwater moves to an imperfect gallery in the presence of evaporation from the free surface.

Comparative assessment of rainwater was carried out to investigate the impact of quarrying and mining activities on the physicochemical properties of rainwater in Ishiagu area. To achieve this, six communities were considered based on the busy quarrying activities going in the area. Sampling of the raindrops were properly carried out using plastic funnel of 30cm diameter fitted onto two litre container placed on a woody stool that is five feet above the ground level, sited in an open space away from obstruction. From all indication, the values of the physicochemical parameters analyzed were found mostly below the limits set by both the National (NSDWQ, SON) and International standard (WHO, EPA, USGS) regulatory bodies for drinking and domestic waters. Except in the case of pH concentration, where Amaeze (RWD1) and Okue (RWD6) stations exhibited high pH values of 6.79 and 5.4, respectively, which is within the range of the recommended standard, while the rest of other stations like; Amaonye (RWD2), Amaokwe (RWD3), Ihietutu (RWD4), and Ngwogwo (RWD5), were found to be 4.36, 4.45, 4.70 and 4.36 respectively, which is mainly acidic and below the set standards. In other way round, the water samples in these stations recorded acidic pH value may be experiencing trace of acid rain. However, Amaeze and Okue stations exhibited high level of salinity as the level of electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS) and total hardness (TH) increases. This shows that there is a direct relationship between these parameters in most of the samples result, as the parameters changes with respect to each other. Moreover, the total hardness analysis confirmed the rainwater in all the stations a soft water.

Interventionist efforts towards preventing the escalation and negative effects, especially violent ones, of ongoing conflicts. Rarely are conflicts completely resolved. More often, they are reduced, downgraded, or contained. Such developments can be followed by a reorientation of the issue, reconstitution of the divisions among conflicting parties, or even by a re-emergence of past issues or grievances. Conflict management when actively conducted is, therefore, a constant process.

A cross-sectional study was done with the objectives of assessment on working Donkey welfare problem in Jigjiga City, Somali Region. A total of 384 working donkey were observed. Both direct (animal based) and owner interview were used to collect data. According to the current investigation, 64% of donkeys were used for draught and 36% were used for pack type of work. All females were used for packing purpose, whereas 86.8% of male donkeys were used for draught purpose. Out of 134(77.9%) of donkeys had a poor body condition in >10years of age group, whereas most donkeys 57(75%) under the age group less than 5-years were having good conditions. A significant association (p<0.01) was found between the duration of working hours, and working type of donkey and poor body condition. Out of total 384 working donkeys examined in the study area about 59.9%, 34.9%, 45.6% and 44.8% were suffering with different type of wounds, other disease signs, musculo-skeletal problems and dermatological diseases respectively, whereas about 80.9% animals showed abnormal behavior such as depressed and other odd sign. Donkeys used for draught purpose experienced higher prevalence of wound than those used for other purpose. The current study also showed that 45% of donkeys used for work were in >10 years of age group. Most of the respondents (44.8%) of the study area had no knowledge and information on donkey welfare. Beating of working animal was widely practiced (45.1%). In conclusion working donkeys in the present study area were experiencing a compound health and welfare problems. Awareness creation through mass education, training and extension service should be promoted in the study area in order to ensure better donkey welfare and productivity.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method is important to perform the structural characterization in near-surface surveys. Obtaining information of frequency and amplitude increases strongly the possibility of performing a better stratigraphical characterization. The spectral recomposition is an efficient method to recover wave parameters information in near-surface seismic data processing. Since many wavelets observed in seismic records are similar to the ones observed in GPR data, it is possible to recompose the GPR signal spectrum using the same proposition.For this reason, we propose to apply, for a GPR signal, an adapted version of the spectral recomposition approach, aiming to obtain, through an inversion procedure, frequency and amplitude information in a more efficient manner. Since the peak frequencies observed in GPR signal are more singular and higher, in comparison to the seismic signal, it is possible to recover frequency and amplitude information in a more accurate manner.

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare congenital anomaly of intracranial circulation that occurs before birth. It’s a malformation where blood drains from cerebral arteries to a dilated vein of Galen. It commonly results in high-output congestive heart failure. It may also present with neurological symptoms like seizures, hydrocephalus and developmental delay. Early staged embolization of feeding vessels to shut off the shunt can improve survival rates in these patients. We present the case of a three months old boy with vein of Galen malformation for embolization.

In this paper, we introduce the concept of〖 τ〗^*-generalized β continuous multifunctions in topological spaces and study some of their properties where〖 τ〗^* is defined by τ^*={G:cl^* (G^C)=G^C}.

The study covers the epidemiological context of Malaria in Saudi Arabia while addressing important research issues involving its prevalence, risk factors, and control and preventative measures. With recurring epidemics affected by climatic, topographical, and human variables, Malaria has a long history in the area. Despite substantial efforts to eradicate the illness, Saudi Arabia still struggles with Malaria, especially in the Jazan area. Different Malaria serotypes, such as Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, are often found, which adds to their persistence. Elements including climate, human behavior, and medical infrastructure shape the landscape of Malaria. Saudi Arabia uses a complex strategy to address these issues, including cross-border cooperation, quick diagnosis, vector control, public awareness campaigns, research, and international alliances. To lessen the impact of Malaria and strive toward its elimination in Saudi Arabia, it is essential to comprehend these complexities and put evidence-based policies into practice

This study was done to produce innovative product by giving a vast importance to the nature provided material. Keeping in view of the above facts these fruits and medicinal herb benefits health and nutritional values was carried out with the following objective. Various recipes for the development and acceptability of different value added products made using Apple, amla, dates pulp were standardized with addition of brahmi, giloy, mulethi and Piper nigrum. For preparation of apple RTS initially standardize the fruit juice (apple and amla), after standardization the best ratio used for the same with giloy percentage along with a very least amount of mulethi and brahmi fortification. Dates can be crushed and heated with little water and extracted sugar can be used for sweetness. The physiochemical analysis was carried out as per method described in AOAC (1984) and products were prepared as per technical program. The various analysis including organoleptic evaluation was carried out just after the preparation of the sample. pH was measured with pH meter as described by Ranganna (1986)52. The fruit juices were extracted from ten fruits and extracted satva from ten stems, homogenized and pH was measured using pH Meter. Total soluble solids were determined by Hand Refractometer as per method of Ranganna (1986)52. Acidity was analyzed by acid - base titration method as described by Miller (1950)43. Ascorbic acid was estimated according to Bessey and King (1933)14. Reducing, Non- reducing, and Total sugar were measured by the method of Lane and Eynons (1943).The prepared RTS was packed in glass bottles with cork cap andstored at room temperature. The data pertaining to chemicalcomposition of apple based RTS just after preparation represented in table and The pH was depicted 3.10 in T1 followed by 3.09, 3.09, 2.81 and 2.90in T3, T4, T 1 andT5. Result of R.T.S. beverages were analyzed for their chemical characters immediately after preparation data presented in table and were observed that pH is approximately 3.0 in each treatment. Total soluble solids were observed is 160Brix in in each treatment. T.S.S of fresh dates is 87-degree Brix while that of date syrup prepared is 26-degree Brix. The acidity was approximately 0.28% as citric acid in each treatment, Organoleptic evaluation was convened in the institute with 5 experts panel. The R.T.S. secured 79-96% marks. Among 5 treatments T 2 secured highest 96% score whereas T3 secured 95% followed by T1 79% T4 89% and T5 86%. The result clearly indicates that good quality R.T.S is prepared.

The recovery of waste heat has been a topic of concern for large-scale industrial companies for several decades. This recovery not only makes an operation more environment friendly, but it also helps to cut costs. In addition to this, it can reduce the amount of resources needed to power a facility. Many industries have implemented different methods of waste heat recovery. In this present paper the efforts are made to understand that how to compare the heat transfer rate in Copper and aluminium tapered helically coiled tube heat exchanger using different types of Nano fluid with Oil as a base fluid in Tapered Helical Coil Heat Exchanger with the help of CFD on copper and aluminium tube. TheAl2O3&MgO, are used as Nano fluid and oil as a base fluid. Tapered Helical coil was fabricated by bending 500 mm length of copper tube having 10mm tube diameter, 50mm pitch coil diameter, 20mm pitch and tapered angle 20 and Square shaped coil was fabricated by bending 500 mm length of copper tube having 10mm square side, 50mm pitch coil dia, 20 mm pitch and tapered angle 20. The comparison of pressure drop and temperature variation between MgO and Al2O3nano fluid with oil as its base in aluminium and copper tube found in this analysis. The result indicates that the MgO nanofluid with oil as a base fluid in helical copper tube have maximum pressure drop and also have maximum temperature variation compare with other nano fluid and other material.

The focus of this paper is the children with identified Cardiovascular Abnormality, and its goal is to develop prudent consensus recommendations regarding the eligibility of such children for competition in a sport. To accomplish this objective. I have attempted to ascertain by way of consensus which Cardiovascular Abnormalities and with what degree of severity would place the competitive athlete at increased risk for sudden death or disease progression, thereby justifying a medical recommendation against participation in certain sports. Both parents and physicians are involved with efforts to maximize recreational and competitive sports participation in Children with congenital heart disease while at the same time minimizing any potential risks. In this regard, it is fortunate that significant morbidity or mortality precipitated by exercise in patients with congenital heart disease is rare. Indeed, there are relatively few congenital heart lesions that have been associated with sudden death during sports participation. The most common are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital coronary artery anomalities, Marfan’s syndrome, and myocarditis with less common causes including Valvular aortic stenosis, and complex defects tetrology of fallot, complete transposition and single ventricle, and those associated with Pulmonary Vascular Disease. The recommendations for the permitted level of activity are offered only as guidelines.

O presente trabalho aborda a relevância do ensino lúdico como forma de ensino aprendizagem, tendo como base o ensino não-formal, essas formas de aprendizagem viabilizam novos métodos de ensinamento, que contribui diretamente para construção de uma educação mais qualificada e emancipatória, colaborando com o ensino formal. Durante o ano de 2019 mais de 100 alunos frequentaram o centro cultural do bairro Piedade com o intuito de desenvolver alguma atividade, sendo 40 destes com atividades de reforço escolar, 26 participaram das oficinas promovida pelo Festival de Inverno. Com isso, ressaltamos a importância do brincar, como forma de ensino para jovens e crianças que frequentam o Centro Cultural, pois, por meio de oficinas e jogos é possível que o aluno desenvolva habilidades como concentração, motivação, coordenação motora, além de facilitar o entendimento do conteúdo das disciplinas formais. Através do lúdico o aluno expande sua imaginação, aumenta sua criatividade e seu interesse em participar das atividades escolares, contribuindo de forma gradativa para sua autonomia.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a importância do ensino não-formal como atividade da extensão universitária em Centro Cultural localizado no bairro Piedade, Ouro Preto, MG, e suas implicações na comunidade. Essa pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem descritiva de cunho qualitativo. Para que fosse viável desenvolver o tema, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica sobre conceitos como o de extensão universitária, e tríade universitária que é composta pelo ensino, pesquisa e extensão, estes juntos compõem os pilares da universidade. O conceito de ensino não-formal também foi pesquisado, este inclui aulas de reforço escolar com dinâmicas que auxiliam o aprendizado e realiza empréstimos de livros através da biblioteca comunitária, de forma a estimular a leitura dos moradores da cidade. Para obter os resultados das ações do projeto do CCBP, foi colhido relatos dos pais e responsáveis das crianças que participam da ação. Em 2019 o projeto teve a participação de 40 alunos nas aulas de reforço, desta participação foi possível constatar o desenvolvimento acadêmico das crianças, e como ocorreu a mudança de comportamento destas, tanto no ambiente escolar como no familiar. Para os universitários, se percebe os efeitos da extensão no CCBP em seu dia a dia como estudantes, pois é uma oportunidade de aprimorar o conhecimento para além da sala de aula aprendendo na prática e no convívio social, o que torna a graduação mais qualificada.

Aim: To investigate the impact of night shift napping on work performance and fatigue among nurses. Background: Night shift has various side effects on health and work performance. Due to which there are errors in patient’s care. Methods: Quasi-experimental study conducted, data were collected from 60 nurses among them 30 control and 30 experimental who got chance to take nap for 20-30 minute (between 12 am to 4 am and alternate nurse took care of their assignment) in night duty and data is collected. Descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (z-test, Pearson’s correlation test, chi-square test) used for data analysis and finalized the result. Conclusion: There is significant difference in work performance but no significant difference in fatigue. Nurses who nap during night duty had found improved in morning sleep as well as health and concentration. However the napping time can be increased to 1 - 2 hours and dedicated place can be provided for napping. Larger-scale randomized trial needed to implement on large population.

Background: Information and communication technology (ICT) has been the most fascinating phenomenon that has characterized the 21st century. The growth of these technologies has over the year been accrued to researchers in the field of science and technology. According to Wikipedia online information technology is the use of computers and software to manage information, store data, and transmit the data as necessary. The government of India’s (GOI) initiative in education through ICT Education should highest priority for the development of any country. The government of India (GoI) has taken many imitative towards better utilization of ICT in education Information and communication technology is often considered to be a catalyst for change, changes in teaching styles, and changes in learning methods and information acquisition (Watson, 2005). It means technology that provides access to information through telecommunications. Aim: To determine the Availability, Reason, knowledge and utilization of information and communication technology among radiography students in JamiaHamdard university. Objective • To assess the availability OF ICT facilities to the radiography students in JamiaHamdard new delhi . • To determine the reason for the use of ICT by the radiography students. • To find out knowledge and utilization of ICT. Material and method: This study was observational, comparative &questionnaire-based designed, and carried out in the Department of paramedical sciences, SNSAH, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi. A total 170 students were included in the study. Approval for this study was obtained from ETHICAL Committee Jamia Hamdard The self-structured questionnaire was prepared and reviewed by experts. Solely after their endorsement, it was shared with the participants. Consent was taken from the students. The survey was online based and the questionnaire was sent to participants via mail and SMS. The data collection was by questionnaire administered randomly and analyzed with percentage table. Among the 170 questionnaires sent online vai mail,sms, 150 students responded and 20 students did respond. The research was analyzed to bring out the students‟ knowledge, the availability of ICT to the students, ‟ utilization of ICT by the student, And reason for using ICT TOOLS. Result: This survey based research revealed that A total of 150 responses were collected, out of them 42 % (n=63) were females and 58% (n=87) were males. There were more males than females. The top represented programme was Bmit (n=113 ,75.3%%), 63.3 %) 95 students were having good knowledge of ICT Apart from that (62.7%) 94 students said good contributions of ICT Towards personnel development ,(46%) 73 students had done microsoft office training .(36%) 54 students confirmed their improved commination skills due to using Ict. Apart from that while trying to know the availability of Ict to students (46%) 70 students said not provide(30%) 45 students said find enough Ict facilities .( 29.3 % ) 44 students confirmed university had ICT innovation based Learning practice .(87.3%) that is 131 students use google for accessing information. .(36%) 54 students were engaged personally in project using ICT. Conclusion: Majority Radiography students in JamiaHamdard had knowledge of ICT and their level of knowledge was relatively good. Majority of the students in the research population had access to ICT facilities, Also, there were no significant gender difference in the use of information and communication technology among the Radiography students , the extent of their use of these facilities were relatively good. Lastly, there was the full utilization of ICT by the Radiography students because of adequate internet access by the university . However, the researcher strongly believes that , workshops should be provided , training programs on ICT , projects on ICT innovations then knowledge and utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) among the Radiography students in Jamia Hamdard will be greatly improved.

Objective: The objective of this study to find out incidence of surgical site infection in clean surgeries operated with peri-operative and post-operative dose of antibiotics. Setting and Design: A Prospective study in a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. Durations:one year. Materials and methods: 25 General surgical cases were operated with perioperative 3 doses versus postoperative 5 days course of antibiotic in each group from July 2018 to August 2019. Data collected and analysed and two Sided 'P' Value was compared. Results: Out of two groups 8% and 12% was the incidence of surgical site infection and 'p' value was1.000 which is statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Use of 3 dose perioperative antibiotic is sufficient to prevent surgical site infection and no need of 5 days course of antibiotics.

Mosquitoes are important vectors for both human and veterinary diseases. Pathogens and parasites cause widespread sickness and mortality, as well as a significant negative impact in many countries. Synthetic pesticides are now the standard of protection against these lethal mosquitoes. Synthetic pesticides, on the other hand, have a huge cumulative effect on nature, such as non-target effects, pollution, and so on. As a result, the researchers shifted their focus to a new alternative strategy that would be acceptable for both the environment and public health. The use of bio-insecticides derived from botanical extracts appears to be a potential way of vector control. Many plant extracts contain secondary metabolites, which have stronger insecticidal properties. Similarly, pests are another natural organism that causes enough harm to crops to put the human population at risk. There are numerous pests that are unique to each plant species. We use synthetic insecticides to control pest populations, but this has negative implications such as health risks. As a result, efforts are being made to isolate biological molecules from plant sources, which are both environmentally beneficial and cost effective. In this regard, a variety of medicinal plants have been investigated for pest management since these botanicals offer pesticidal properties. The goal of this review was to assess current research on botanicals as potential insecticides and pesticides in terms of chemical composition and biological activity.

BACKGROUND: Mental health consequences of the COVID-19 crisis may increase suicide rates during and after the pandemic. METHODS: This is a Cross-sectional study. 214 Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 viral infection and who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in study. Participants were subjected to social-demographic details and semi-structured questionnaire for suicide ideation. RESULTS: From 214 participants, the mean age was 18.63 ± 2 years, female 150 (70.09%), married 118 (55.14%) and nuclear family 196 (91.59%). 144 (67.29%) participants were studied up to primary. The majority were included in lower socioeconomic status 102 (47.67%) and reside at rural area 199 (92.99%). The prevalence rate of suicide ideation is 13.08%.In the exploration of perceived causes of SI, most of the study subjects 10 (35.71%) responded that they were fear of COVID-19 infection followed by fear for the future 5 (17.86%), difficult family dynamics 5 (17.86%), loss of loved ones 3 (10.71%), job loss 3 (10.71%), and isolation (loneliness) 2 (7.14%). CONCLUSION: This study indicated that Suicide risk is multi factorial andif specific strategies can be maximally implemented with COVID-19–specific threats to population mental health and suicide risk in mind, this pandemic may not only provide a sense of urgency, but a path forward to address suicide risk at hospital and community levels.

Introduction-This study is aimed to present the clinical features, incidence, associated complications and management strategies in post Covid aspergillosis and mixed fungal infections at a tertiary health care setup. The development of Aspergillosis in Post Covid patients is a novel presentation of the fungus and with the advent of new data, our horizons regarding the association of Apsergillosis and Covid is ever expanding. Currently, the causation of invasive fungal sinusitis in the form of Mucormycosis has been well documented. However, with new data and going by the fungal culture reports, the incidence of mixed fungal infections and aspergillosis has not been well studied, and the clinical features and management strategies is an evolving spectrum on which we plan to shed some light. Materials and Methods- This is an observational prospective study conducted by us at a Tertiary Health Set up where patients presented with complains of nasal pain, facial pain, ptosis, proptosis , facial asymmetry and with scans suggestive of sinusitis with history of Covid, and clinical suspicion of invasive fungal sinusitis were evaluated. Subsequently, nasal crusts were sent for KOH and Fungal culture. After reviewing of the scans and evaluating the KOH report, these patients were posted for endoscopic sinus surgery with debridement. Conclusion-Thus, Aspergillosis should also be a cause for suspicion especially in post Covid patients, as a reason for invasive fungal sinusitis. Early treatment can help in early recovery and less morbidity, a direct association has been detected with Diabetes Mellitus and Aspergillosis, thus controlling blood sugar levels is of utmost importance in the management of these patients Incessant use of steroids should be avoided as it is a significant risk factor in the development of post Covid Aspergillosis could not be derived.