September 2017

Dental lesions can pose a diagnostic challenge in many situations. The dental tissue consists of the endodontium and periodontium. Disease of one tissue may lead to secondary disease in the other as they have embryonic, anatomic and functional interrelationships. The perio-endo lesions have seemingly unclear, overlapping symptoms, inturn making accurate diagnosis difficult. A rationale diagnosis can be arrived at only with clear understanding of various diagnostic modalities. This review, an attempt is made to provide detailed diagnostic modalities for endo-perio dental lesions with emphasis on radiographic diagnostic advancements.

Abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) is an initial and one of the commonest clinical problem of women belonging to reproductive age group. It is considered to be the second most common problem after menstrual disorders. Cases of AVD is increasing with time especially in the rural population due to poor hygienic practices, low socio-economic status, structural and social inequalities and lack of awareness about the disease and its various complications. Social stigma and gender discrimination discourage women from revealing their reproductive and sexual health issues which also prevents them from taking medical help at proper time, in proper way. The present study was carried out to determine the sociodemographic and clinicopathological profile of AVD in women of reproductive age group coming to Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (M), Wardha – a rural teaching hospital with tertiary healthcare facilities in vidarbha region and also to critically appraise the therapeutic modules. This monocentric hospital based observational study was carried out between 1st January 2015 to 15th August 2017 in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, on 330 women of reproductive age group belonging to rural vidarbha region. Data was collected from in-depth interview of Senior clinicians, Junior residents as well as patients. Out of 330 study subjects, the total no. of AVD cases was 48.15% in 2015; 7.58% in 2016 and 44.24% in 2017. Maximum no. of AVD cases were found to be in females belonging to 36 – 45 years (49.09%) of age group, followed by 26 – 35 years (40.61%) and 15 – 25 years (10.30%). Most common clinicopathological causes of AVD were found to be Bacterial Vaginosis (66.06%), followed by Vaginal Trichomoniasis (24.24%), Mixed infections (06.36%) and Vaginal candidiasis (03.33%). Drugs prescribed to patients were Metronidazole (90.30%), CLID – V Pessary (72.72%), FAS – 3 KIT (06.36%), Fluconazole (03.33%), Candid Pessary (03.33%) and Doxycycline (0.30%). Statistical significance f the study was calculated by using descriptive and inferential statistics using chi square test and p value < 0.05 was considered as level of significance. Software used in analysis was SPSS 17.0 version and GraphPad Prism 6.0 version. Cases of AVD is increasing at an alarming rate in rural vidarbha region and there is no significant change in final outcome of recently prescribed treatment modules. It is recommended that counselling of male and female partners should be carried out through public health awareness camps at a regular interval, especially in the rural region for better hygiene practices, awareness about the disease, prompt consultation in proper way and in order to prevent the various complications of AVD.

Carbapenemases producing or Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Resistant Klebsiellapneumoniae (ESBL/KPC) strains are pro-growing threat. This research focused on isolation and Identification of K.pneumoniae especially ESBL producers from raw white soft cheese and its whey made from Cows raw milk in Baghdad. Study design including collection and processing of ninetysoft cheese and its whey samples (forty five samples for each type: soft cheese & whey) from regions of Abu-Ghraib, Al-Fudhaliyah and Al-Sadrya (thirty samples from each region: fifteen samples for each type) from December (2016) to February (2017), in which they collected and processed according to modified dairy microbiological methodology in veterinary public health laboratory by McConkey agar, Electronic RapID™ ONE (4 hours) biochemical panel micro-tubes strep identification system compendium with reference colors chart and online confirmation microcodes data base software, and gold standard double staining technique, Microtiter Plate Assay for biofilm formation with methylene blue and safranin dyes. Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern by Kirby-Bauer technique or disk diffusion method was proceed according to instructions of clinical laboratory standards institute (CLSI) or national committee for clinical laboratory standards (NCCLS) by using a Muller-Hinton agar and McFarland opacity tubes for checking resistance profile of isolates. Double diffusion inhibition technique or Oxoid Cefpodoxime Combination Kit determined ESBL resistance activity. Data were analyzed for significant differences by statistical package for social sciences software (IBM SPSS) in which a Chi-square was used. The results showed detection of thirteen strains of phenotypically indole negative K.pneumoniae out of ninety samples (14.44%): ten strains (11.11%) from Abu-Ghraib: nine (10%) from soft cheese and one (1.11%)from its why, two strain (2.22%) from Al-Fudhaliyah and one (1.11%) strain from Al-Sadrya. ESBL producers were noticed only from Abu-Ghraib region, in which they detected from seven (7.77%) samples: six (6.66%) strains from soft cheese and one (1.11%) from its whey. In conclusion, data showed contamination of raw white soft cheese and its whey in Baghdad with K. pneumoniae, in which ESBL producers were noticed, thus we recommend monitoring of soft cheese production cycles, handlers, cheese makers, soft cheese containers, environment, infected & carrier individuals, transportation and storage stages through application of sanitation practices during cheese processing and hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) strategies to overcome or reduce these public health problems.

Bronchial Asthma is the most common respiratory disease which needs awareness among public. Homoeopathy is a unique system of medicine which treats the patients based on symptomatically and individually considering the susceptibility of the person affected. In recent era more research are done to focus on controlling and relieving the symptoms of Bronchial Asthma.

Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG) is described as “a rapidly destructive, non-communicable, gingival infection of complex etiology”. It is characterized by necrosis of the crest of the gingival papillae, spontaneous bleeding, pain and halitosis. If left untreated, it may spread laterally and apically to involve the entire gingival complex, including the mucosa and alveolar bone, leading to necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis to necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis and finally Noma. There are various predisposing factors like poor oral hygiene, stress, smoking, hormonal imbalance, nutritional deficiencies etc. This case report presents the conservative management of ANUG in patient and probable mechanism of pathogenesis of predisposing factors involved.

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common cause for women in the reproductive age group to be diagnosed with Adenomyosis. The prevalence of adenomyosis varies widely from 5% to 70%which is probably related to inconsistencies in the histopathologic criteria for diagnosis. The present study recorded a prevalence of 48.6 %. Two cases have been observed which showed cystic changes along with bleeding tract formation besides the uterine canal.

Instability of atlantoaxial joint secondary to Tuberculosis or Myeloma is a rare entity. Biopsy along with stabilisation is a described operative procedure. We presented a case of 47 years old male with C1-2 affection treated with occipitocervical stabilisation and biopsy proved as tuberculosis. Antituberculosis treatment was started and clinical improvement was apparent in 5 months. Aggressive progression of diseases after 5 months prompted us to investigate further. Reviewing the biopsy slides with repeat transoral biopsy confirmed features of myeloma which finally responded to chemotherapy. Patient improved significantly (neck disability index = 24%) at the follow-up of 3 years. Hence, coexistence of both tuberculosis and myeloma very rare but should be acknowledged

Dentigerous cysts are most common bony lesions of oral cavity. Most of cases are reported in second and third decade of life, and it shows slight male predilection. (3:2) Dentigerous cysts are commonly seen in mandibular third molar region and maxillary canine region, as they are the most commonly impacted teeth. Radiographic findings cannot be considered as ultimate tool to diagnose dentigerous cyst because odontogenic keratocysts, Unilocular ameloblastomas, and many other tumors show similar radiological findings. Thus, histopathological examination holds important in its diagnosis. Cyst size and site, involvement of dentition and surrounding structures should be considered while treatment planning. On the basis of these criteria, different treatment modalities should be chosen. This includes cyst enucleation and extraction of impacted tooth, cyst enucleation and preservation of impacted tooth or decompression with surgical access. We are presenting a case of dentigerous cyst at maxillary canine region.

The ascent of products from stark commodities to prominent brands all through the 20th century was a salient development in consumer industries. In the 21st century, the internet makeover is impelling the industries’ mutation. In conjunction with technological evolution, the subtler but still imposing propellers of social and behavioral conversion have also provoked consumer industries to remodel. Digital is blurring the precincts between consumers, stores and shoppers’ brands, which embrace strategic breaks for consumer packaged goods companies who are geared up to radically remodel for the digital globe and apparent risks for those who would not be up to snuff. The present paper highlights an assortment of models of digital mutation in consumer goods industries and endorses a range of measures for enterprises to combat the backdrop of the fundamental changes affecting consumer industries.

The new media spring has brought several issues including the Diaspora community into the limelight thus making the presence of citizen journalists felt. The minorities generally do not find a place that easily on the television but the internet and other new media do map their representation. It is said that after the internationalization of the mediaoccurred, there are no long distances. Hence this paper analyzes the news articles on how the Tamil Diasporacommunity across the world reacts towards the Jallikattu protests which happened from 8th to 23rd of January, 2017 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The main objectives of the research are: • To analyze new media’s crucial role in bringing the “Tamil Diaspora community” to limelight. • To examine the cultural identity of Tamil Diaspora represented through the new media in reference to selected Jallikattu related articles. • To understand the human rights issues involved in the Jallikattu protests by the Tamil community.

Drainage characteristic of a micro watershed of Katla river has been studied by using topographic map of 1:50,000 scale and satellite data under GIS environment. The drainage network and morphometric parameters of the micro watershed were delineated and computed by using Arc GIS 10.2. Various morphometric parameters including linear, areal and relief parameter has been computed by standard method and formulae. The streams of Katla river basin shows trellis drainage pattern and in somewhere sub-parallel drainage pattern with maximum stream order of 5. The total stream length of 312 streams of Katla river basin is 181.808 Km and stream length ratio is 2.155. The bifurcation ratio of the study area is 3.95 which indicate that the watershed has more affected of structural disturbance. High drainage density of 3.436 with fine texture indicates that the area is composed of impermeable subsurface material. To identify the shape of the basin, the form factor 0.308 and circularity ratio 0.46 shows that the basin is sub circular to elongated in shape. The main course of Katla river is sinuous in nature and migrated towards north-east direction.

Introduction: Acute life-threatening illnesses are rarely encountered conditions at pediatric medical emergency wards but require fast and adequate management to save patient’s life. The aim of this study was to assess acute life-threatening illnesses epidemiology, outcome and factors associated with death of patients at a university pediatric hospital’s medical emergency department in Morocco. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study of all cases of children aged from 29 days to 15 years admitted for an acute life-threatening illness at Rabat children hospital’s medical emergency room, was carried over a period of one year, from January 1, to December 31, 2014. Results: A total of 183 patients were included, corresponding to 0.3% of all admissions during the same period. The acute life-threatening illness was related to a respiratory disorder in 45.3% of cases, to a hemodynamic disorder in 20.7% of cases, to a neurological disorder in 25.1% of cases and to another disorder in 8.7% of cases. The overall death rate was 44.8%. Acute life-threatening respiratory disorders were more frequent in patients younger than 2 years (p < 0.001), while acute life-threatening illnesses other than respiratory or hemodynamic or neurologic disorders were more frequent in patients over 2 years of age (p = 0.009). Factors associated with death were age less than 2 years (OR = 2.872 (1.528;5.399), p = 0.001). Conclusion: Acute medical life-threatening illnesses in children were unfrequent but were burdened with heavy mortality in this study. Children younger than 2 years were more at risk of death.

Background: The importance of vitamin D was recently emphasized when it was reported to be involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, immune function and important for optimal function of many organs and tissues throughout the body, including the central nervous system. This vitamin may reduce seizure frequency and treating adverse effect of anticonvulsant drugs so its supplementation is associated with decreased seizures as it regulates pro-convulsant and anticonvulsant factors. Aim: A case-control study had been carried out to determine serum vitamin D level and other biochemical parameters in epileptic children and study it's relation to some selected variables who were treated with antiepileptic drugs for at least 6 months. Methods: Thirty seven epileptic patients who had normal age - appropriate development; visited the out patients neurological clinic in Basra General Hospital, their ages ranged from 2-14 years from the1stof February to the end of July 2014. Forty four apparently healthy children and adolescent; were age and sex matched as a control group. Information regarding history of epilepsy; age of diagnosis, type and frequency of seizures over the past 3 months and type of antiepileptic drugs were recorded. All patients were under went physical examination including general and systemic examination. Growth parameters were assessed and body mass index (BMI) was calculated and applied to appropriate growth charts. A list of investigation was measured as; serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D. Results: Mean age of epileptic patients and control group was (7.67 ± 3.23) and (7.68 ± 3.5) year respectively. Two third of patients were younger than 10 years, as well as (86.5%) have normal body mass index, approximately 50% of patients received carbamazepine treatment for epilepsy and the duration of anti-epileptic drugs' therapy more than 24 months and more than 80% of patients were on monotherapy and were well controlled. The mean serum level of vitamin D was significantly low in epileptic patients than control group (21.41 ± 2.90), (67.59 ± 2.13) respectively as well as in children treated with polytherapy than those with monotherapy for epilepsy with higher level of alkaline phosphatase in epileptic patients than control group (299.09 ± 67.67) (122.21 ± 29.59) respectively (P value 0.000). On the other hand; levels of Calcium and phosphorus, serum level of blood urea and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were not significantly differ among epileptic patient and control group (p value >0.05). Conclusion: Children and adolescents treated with anti-epileptic drugs especially those patients on polytherapy therapy should given supplements of vitamin D to satisfy their bodies requirement.

A technical unit of measurement called the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) is defined as “the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults”. Measuring drug utilization in DDD/100 bed-days is proposed by the WHO to analyze and compare the utilization of drugs. DDD can be used as a tool to analyze drug utilization with the ultimate goal of improving drug use. DDD are advantageous for comparing the use of drug in hospitals or regions. This comparison will provide valuable information when establishing appropriate usage level of drugs. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate and compare utilisation of β- lactam and Aminoglycosides antimicrobials in Medicine and urgery Intensive Care Unit. Objectives: 1. To determine the extent of DDD/100 bed days) use of β- lactam and Aminoglycosides AMS in medicine and surgery ICU 2. To compare utilisation of β-Lactam and Aminoglycoside antimicrobial in Medicine ICU and Surgery ICU. Type of study: It is a Cross sectional study. Study setting: The study was undertaken in Medicine I.C.U and Surgery I.C.U of central India Sample size: 357 patients. Methodology: The total dose of AMS (β lactam and Aminoglycoside) received by the patient during stay in MICU and SICU is calculated (Gram) for individual patient.Total dose (Gram) of individual AMS is calculated. ATC codes has been given to classify antibiotics (ATC-group J0; Antibacterial for systemic use). Then the data has been expressed as Defined Daily Dose per 100 Bed Days (DDD/100 Bed Days) based on the formula. Results and Observations: Total 11 Beta lactum and Aminoglycosides antimicrobials were used in 20 beded MICU. Among these AMS utilisation of injection Ceftriaxone (7.12) was highest followed by injection Cefotaxime (1.59), injection Piperacillin+ Tazobactum (1.42), injection Gentamycin (1.18). In SICU utilisation of injection Ceftriaxone (3.96) was highest followed by injection Piperacillin+ Tazobactum (2.29), injection Gentamycin (1.22). Conclusion: Drug utilization studies (DUR) using ATC/DDD system showed most commonly utilized (DDD/100 bed days) AMS in β - lactam class was Ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporin) in SICU as well as MICU. But Piperacillin+tazobactum (broad spectrum penicillin) was maximally used in SICU (2.29) than MICU (1.42). While most commonly utilized Aminoglycosides AMS was Gentamycin followed by Amikacin with nearly equal utilisation in both ICUs (1.18 and 1.22 respectively).

Lipomas are common tumors in the human body, but are less frequent in the oral cavity (1-4%). They commonly present as slow growing asymptomatic lesions with a characteristic yellowish color and soft, often located in the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth and tongue. We present case of a 70-year-old man with an asymptomatic buccal mucosa. The lesion was removed locally and was sent for histopathologic diagnosis, and final diagnosis of fibrolipoma was made.

The management of resorbed ridge has always posed a challenge to the prosthodontist for years. Obtaining a satisfactory stability in mandibular dentures has long been a challenge for every clinician. Severely resorbed ridges as in Atwood’s Order V and Order VI pose serious difficulties in providing successful dentures. Stability of lower denture in such cases is usually becomes the determining factor between success and failure. This clinical case report presents a case of severely resorbed ridge managed using the cocktail impression technique to improve mandibular denture stability in an atrophic mandibular ridge.

Introduction: Intraoral radiographic examination is an inevitable and integral part of Pediatric dental practice. Long hours of practice in closed clinical set up and continuous exposure to negligibly low dose radiation on a long term basis pose a potential source of health hazard among Pedodontists. Hence optimization, dose limitation and radiation safety practice is very much essential for the protection of the child and the Pedodontist. Aim: To determine the knowledge about radiation safety and to assess radiation safety practices undertaken by practicing Pediatric Dentists in Bengaluru city. Materials and methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst practicing Pediatric dentists in Bengaluru city. A questionnaire containing 29 questions was distributed among 80 Pedodontists in dental clinics and practicing academicians in various Dental colleges in Bengaluru to obtain information regarding demographic details, knowledge about radiation safety, and radiation safety practices. The responses were scored, the results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis Results: From the study,it was found that 53% of the practicing Pedodontists had good knowledge on radiation safety. Female Pedodontists had better knowledge and radiation safety practices than males and Pedodontists seem to neglect radiation safety with increasing years of practice. Conclusion: Despite having good awareness about radiation safety and the need for a radiation safe practice, Pedodontists in Bengaluru city have failed to implement the same in their routine clinical practice. Therefore by avoiding negligence towards radiation safety practice we can prevent the cumulative adverse effects of radiation.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is defined as live microorganism, when administered in adequate amount confer a health benefit on the host. Raw cow milk was serially diluted, spread plated, sub cultured and pure cultured. Screening of isolates (MK-2 and MK-4) was performed on the basis of zone formation and characterized. The morphological and biochemicalcharacterization was carried out and it was identified as MK-2 (Lactobacillus sp) and MK-4 (Bacillus cereus). Both the organism were screened for Folateproduction by inoculating the microorganism in folate production media. The highest Folatedetected for MK-2 (Lactobacillus), followed by MK-4 (Bacillus cereus) revealed 150 μg/ml of Folate. In strain MK-4 showed 50-60 μg/ml of Folate production. Further study extended for Folateproducing lipase enzyme from MK-2 and MK-4 revealed negative resultfor lipase. Whereas, positive result was obtained for protease enzyme by MK-2 and MK-4. Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillusagainst selective bacterial pathogens revealed maximum activity was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella flexneri. The antifungal activityrevealed maximum activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Probiotic properties of Lactobacillussptested against different concentration of ox bile with MK-2 and MK-4 strain showed resistance against ox bile. The strain MK-4 showed maximum survivability. In another study to assess the probiotic property such as NaCl tolerance, MK-4 strain showed maximum tolerance of6.5%of NaCl. MK-2 showed maximum growth at pH7. The total protein content of folic acid (bacteriocin) produced by MK-2 (Lactobacillus sp) revealed 2.01μg/ml, and the total protein content ofMK-4 showed 1.97 μg/ml protein content respectively. Determination of molecular weight of folic acid for the strain (MK-2 and MK-4) revealed 46 KDa and 30 KDaby SDS PAGE analysis. HPLC analysis was performed to analyze the metabolite present and it was confirmed with prominent peaks with retention time of 1.801 indicate the folic acid metabolite.

Water is the elixir of life. Modern human society not interested with the environmental quality, especially with water bodies. Careless attitude towards inland water bodies lead to not only the extinction of precious water ecosystems but also the unimaginable loss of biodiversity. In this aspect most affected groups are aquatic organisms and floral species which highly depended on the inland ecosystem. Most studies have clearly explains the impact of water quality on the aquatic organisms. However, this study intended to high light the impact of water quality on highly useful ethano-botanical species. Odathurai lake of Erode district, South India is a selected study area. Odathurai lake latitude is 11o45’ 28” N and Longitude is 77o 51’ 75” E. By the analysis of water and sediment quality and recording of medicinal plant species, the present investigation addressed that the lake ecosystem is very much affected by urbanization and anthropological activities.

The present research was conducted to study the perception of primary school teachers regarding the importance of divergent thinking skills for children. The sample for the present study comprised 100 teachers (both male and female) of 200 children who were categorized as HP (High Performer) and LP (Low Performer) on the basis of their performance on Divergent Production Ability Test (DPAT). A Self devised Teacher Perception Questionnaire was used to assess the views of teachers regarding divergent thinking ability of children. The results of the study revealed that almost all the sample teachers were in favour of providing freedom of expression to children. It was observed that a large number of teachers showed acceptance towards multiple ideas of children and appreciated original ideas of their students. Opportunities in the form of material and activities were provided to children through brainstorming, word games, sharing activities with children. The teachers were of the view that these activities help in enhancing creative thinking of children. Most of the sample teachers appeared to be positive in their perception about divergent thinking. The positive perception of teachers for divergent thinking skill can be constructively used to harness this skill among children in the class room situations. The study has implications for children, parents, teachers and professionals in the field of child development and can be used to provide inputs for enhancement of divergent thinking skills among children.

Concrete is the very important product used in all types of constructions. It plays a very vital role in every construction. Concrete is a freshly mixed material which can be molded into any shape. The relative quantities of cement fine aggregate coarse aggregate and water mixed together control the properties in the wet state as in the hardened state. Cement is manufactured in factories and it is made available up to the required optimum quantities for the construction field. But aggregates are naturally available and their availability is limited one. Since the construction industry is developing very fast the requirement of concrete and their constituent materials are also increasing day by day. Hence the need becomes inevitable to find various alternate means for the aggregates and accordingly the researchers are going on in this way. Now a day practically it seems most probably coarse aggregate is available without any scarcity. But the availability of fine aggregate becomes difficult day by day. Fine aggregate is taken from the river beds which are the natural sources for storing the river water. Hence more than the certain quantity of fine aggregate cannot be taken from natural resources. Hence the need arises to find alternative for the fine aggregate. The material which is known as pond ash is available ash waste byproduct material from the thermal power plants. In India most of the thermal power plants use wet system for disposal of ash. The bottom ash from the boilers and the fly ash from the precipitators are mixed together and pumped off in the form of slurry to lagoons, where water is drained of or recycled. This material is being referred as pond ash. In this project work the material pond ash is experimentally analyzed and studied for its suitability as replacement as fine aggregate in concrete. So far few researchers analyzed its suitability as fine aggregate by finding the compressive strength of concrete. But in this project work the split tensile strength of concrete and flexural strength of concrete were analyzed by replacing pond ash as fine aggregate.

21st Century is proving to be a huge paradox. While prosperity is getting relatively democratized globally, however it is also creating a new huge, huge problem never witnessed by mankind before. The Garbage Crisis is hitting all the cities, towns, rivers, lakes, seas, roads all around the globe threatening the basic well being and health across all species of living beings. Developing Countries are finding it more and more difficult to cope with the crisis. In India it has taken the top politicians and intellectuals to make us realize the gargantuan level of problem. This paper will attempt to give ideas to solve the problem by highlighting upon the gradual successes of automobile industry ,in aligning and in compliance with increasingly stringent Emission norms, and then discussing the ideas of making India clean by launching massive amounts of Engineering resources and ideas to create pan India Swacch Bharat Green and Clean.

The extension services needs a strong media support to cover widely placed farming population. Radio, television and printed material are the powerful tools in multidimensional transformation of horticultural information for the benefit of farmers. Among the various mass media used in a country like India, newspaper occupies a place of prominence because of its low cost per copy, wide circulation and variety of contents. Along with non-horticultural information, horticultural information is also published and read by the extension personnel’s, farmers, scientists and rural people. Majority (87.75%) of newspaper space was allotted to the agricultural information as against about (5.21%) for horticultural information . news story topped (20.89 %), and followed by photo news on farming (16.30%), regular agricultural features (13.42%), editorial on farming (09.74%), agricultural articles (08.80 %), and Any others (07.90 %).

The Economy and Financial needs of the Family made the women to come out the home and work for livelihood. They try to perform various jobs and sometimes may opt for the difficult jobs in order to satisfy the above need. The present study was on Female Police Personnel which was conducted in Telangana State Police Department, TS, India particularly on Women Police Constables and Head Constables. The study has aimed to find the impact of family Support on Work life Balance. Children age category, Elder parents/in-laws health care on Work Life Balance of Women Employees are also included in the study. Various Statistical tools were used to meet the above mentioned objectives. The results revealed that Women with the responsibility of elder parents‟ health need to be given a helping hand to balance their personal and professional works.

Morphometric analysis of a river basin is useful for understanding the hydrological and geomorphological behavior of a river basin. The hydrological and geomorphological characteristic of any river is closely related to its morphology indicating its shape, drainage pattern, stream order, bifurcation ratio etc. Each and every river basin has its own unique morphometric characteristics which make it differ from other river basins. The present study is based on the morphometric analysis of Kadalundi river basin using geospatial technology. Kadalundi river basin is a sixth order stream. The drainage pattern is complex with considerable variation in spatial arrangements, which are controlled by topography, slope, rock type and structural deformations. There exist a relationship between the morphological characteristics of a basin and its runoff potential and infiltration capacity. This relationship is utilized to understand the hyrological potentiality of Kadalundi river basin. Based on the runoff potential and infiltration capacity the sub basins are categorized as area of low, moderate and high priority. This study is more useful for planning and implementing river basin development plan in Kadalundi river basin.

This paper empirically examined the impact of International trade on Economic Growth in Nigeria from 1980 to 2015. Nigeria is still experiencing macroeconomic instability and the benefits of International trade are not yet felt. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of International Trade on Economic Growth using Foreign Direct Investment, Balance of Payments, Exchange rate, Trade Openness and Interest rate as International Trade Variables, while Gross Domestic product served as Economic Growth Variable. Cointegration and Error Correction Technique was employed to establish the long term relationship among the variables. The Findings showed that BOP and exchange rate are not significant, Interest rate showed a direct relationship with GDP while Degree of openness appears to be positively related to GDP. FDI has an inverse relationship with GDP. The study concludes that International Trade has not contributed maximally to economic growth in Nigeria and recommends amongst others that Government should promote local industries and diversify the export base of the nation.

This article focuses on the industrial sector that is said to be low-tech or completely non-investigation and often has been formed the whole industry. The focus of this research, above all, is created by the critique of the mainstream of innovation, focusing on its high level technology. However, industry research with low and medium technology (low and medium technology industries) can structurally demonstrate that the completely non-research industries are innovative surprisingly, and play an essential role for the development of modern economies. Following up on the background, the industrial sector has gained the front-end innovation capability with low and medium technology (low and medium technology industries), in intelligent trending of available technology and existing knowledge, and their combination with high technology components. Therefore, the findings of the research presented here, come to the forefront in the hypothesis that hybrid innovations open up hopeful development perspectives for traditional industries. It has been pointed out that combined innovations are innovations, based on market-specific reforms of available technologies, and existing knowledge, as well as features based on their combination with new high-tech components. The basis of the methodology of reasoning is a systematic analysis of the industrial, industrial and industrial research of low and medium technology, which emanates from almost the past 10 years.

This study explores the needs of elderly learners regarding the curriculum design and teaching strategies of flipped learning, summarizes the conclusions and suggestions, and offers suggestions on how to adapt the learning and learning strategies of elderly learners to improve their interest, willingness to learn, learning outcomes, meet their learning needs, and achieve the learning objectives.

Introduction: This case study describes the psychological follow-up of an elderly patient (90 years), attended for three consecutive years. In the initial consultation, the family informed, as complaint, depression and medical diagnosis of Alzheimer's syndrome. The follow-up went with monthly case study with professionals in related fields: nursing, occupational therapy and phonoaudiology. The termination occurred when the patient affected by lung disease was hospitalized. Objective: to describe the follow-up and the outcome of the case through the psychological listening of the history preserved from the past, contemplating the language to active the cognition and to slow down the evolutionary loss of functional capacity. Method: case study whose attendance resorted to psychological listening, research, interpretation of what was said in the sessions, family orientation on the general care of the patient. The dialogue between psychology, nursing, phonoaudiology and occupational therapy through monthly meetings was relevant to the achieved results. Results: The sensitivity of listening and appreciation of affective aspects awoke in the patient better speech production, thus stimulating memory and cognition, favoring communication in family and social context, consequently improving the quality of life. Conclusion: The services contributed to the ressignification of the subject's life. Since the beginning of the treatment, over the months, there were significant improvements: in functional capacity, memory, language and family interaction.

Background: Donation of different medical equipment to developing nations from different international and multinational organizations has been currently increasing. Donation of medical equipment to developing countries account 80% of the total equipment in their facilities, more than 70% of the donated medical equipment found out of service in Sub-Saharan African countries. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the utility of donated medical equipment and associated factors in Jimma University specialized hospital as a base line research. Objectives: To asses utility of the donated medical equipment found in Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Method: An institution based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from March to April 2015, Data were analyzed using SPSS for windows version 16.0, Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression were used to determine the association between the different factors. Result: A total sample of 180 donated medical equipment was included in the study. The result showed 81(45%) were in utilization 99(55%) were found out of service. Availability of a local expert was one of the factors predicting utilization (OR, 1.997 with CI of 95% 1.3, 4.2). availability of spare parts in local market were also found to predict utilization (OR 1.1212 with 95% CI of 1.2,2.2). Equipment condition and availability of accessories on arrival to the facility were also found to predict utilization of the equipment. Conclusion: Majority of the equipment’s obtained by donation are found out of service. Lack of skilled professionals in the institution, absence of spare parts in domestic market, condition of the equipment on arrival, absence of maintenance manual and accessory along machine are the predictors for utilization of donated medical equipment for intended purpose.

Radiation exposure have been proven to be one of the major means of diagnosis which have gone a long way in improving health care services in diagnosis, treatment and patient management in severe cases. The aim of this study is to ascertain patients’ awareness and attitude towards radiation exposure in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra state Nigeria. This is a prospective cross sectional survey design of 284 respondents consisting of (50.4% male and 49.6% female) using a well-structured questionnaire. The result of this study indicated that 61.3% of the respondents had good academic qualification. 67.6% and 74.6% respectively showed respondents significant awareness and knowledge to the use of ionizing radiation. 27.5% where of the opinion that CT and Fluoroscopy uses higher ionizing radiation dose. 8.1% of the respondents agreed that one of the effect of radiation exposure is fetal anomaly. While 64.4% of the respondents feel relaxed in the diagnostic rooms. Therefore, a higher percentage of 74.6% revealed that the referring clinicians explained the importance of radiation exposure for their examination.The study further revealed that there is significant good knowledge and positive attitude to the use of ionizing radiation and towards radiation exposure within the population.

It has always been a query in the minds of the homoeopaths and scientists, what actually happens when the magical strokes given to the dilutions of the homoeopathic medicines during the process of potentization. The latent inherent curative powers of the drugs are aroused and increased by the methods of potentization, the crucial stage of which are succussions and trituration. We have carried out a fundamental research on the effect of succussions during the process of potentisation by analysing the Mercurious Solubilis 200 under the high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The observations recorded in two different steps i.e. first “without succussion” and then “with succussions”. Microstructural features associated with the 10 stroked sample of Mercurious Solubilis 200 diluted with alcohol in the ratio 1:99 were observed under the HRTEM operated at 300KV and it was found that at different magnifications depict the presence of very fine particles agglomerated in a particular manner. Majority of the particles are found to have circular/round shape particles whose size varying between 3nm to 15nm. Variation in size and shape of these particles have taken place due to the strokes applied on the diluted solution of Mercurious Solubilis 200 as per specified method of homeopathy procedure. High density of nano sized particles observed for Mercurious Solubilis 200 after the 10 stroke is expected to be the reason of high potency of the drug and quick response to disease as experienced by the homoeopathic practitioners.

The combination of interventricular communication and left ventricular aneurysm is a rare situation. The interventricular communication is a lethal complication of myocardial infarction; it is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency; it is observed in the anterior infarction and it is associated with a poor prognosis, the treatment involves surgical repair. The rupture of the basal portion of the septum is much rarer. Through the case of a patient who was hospitalized in our service, we illustrate the deadly complications of myocardial infarction while discussing its rare localization in the inferior left ventricular wall, its clinical, electrical and echocardiographic characteristics, as well as its rapidly fatal evolution without emergency care.

Introduction: Dissection as a part of anatomy brings students to a close encounter with human mortality. They experience a variety of emotional reactions during their first exposure to cadavers. Dissection forming an integral part of knowledge helps in developing a tactile appreciation of the structure of human body unlike learning from prosected specimens and computerized teaching. Methods: In order to assess the level of excitement or apprehension we prepared a questionnaire with 15 questions 14 were to be answered on a Likert’s scale and 1 was open ended. These questionnaires were distributed to 600 students over the period of 4 years (2011 to 2014 admissions). Statistical analysis was done. Results: Out of 522 students, 62% (324) were excited with dissection of cadavers and 20% (108) were apprehensive. 76% (393) students felt that dissection cannot be replaced by the computer assisted teaching. Student- teacher interaction helps them to understand better and cope with the varied reactions due to formalin odour. Conclusion: Dissection is associated with a variety of emotional reactions like excitement, fear, odour and some physical symptoms. A better teacher student relationship with prior interaction helps in overcoming the said reactions.

Acute intermittent porphyria is an unusual pathology with potentially severe consequences when not detectedearly. The porphyrias are a heterogeneous group of rare, primarily hereditary, metabolic diseases caused by a partial deficiency in one of the eight enzymes involved in the hemebiosynthesis, that can lead to severe disease that requires early diagnosis to avoid complications. The frequency of the disease is low and its association with pregnancy unusual, but it is a good time for patients carrying develop the disease or suffer an exacerbation of the same, hence the vital importance of prophylaxis of the risk factors. Despite the fact that pregnancy in women suffering from AIP has to higher rates of morbidity and complications, close management throughout the pregnancy could ensure a good outcome. Since practitioners rarely encounter this disease process, it is commonly not considered in the differential diagnoses. AIP can be confused with other causes of acute abdominal disorders such as appendicitis with peritonitis or nephrolithiasis. Here we are discussing the case of a 24 years old pregnant women with Acute intermittent porphyria its consequences and poor obstetrics outcome.

The main purpose of the study was to determine the causes for the breakage of complete dentures of patients reporting to the Department of Prosthodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. Data collected from 200 patients reported for repair of their complete dentures. Data was collected from patients, aged between 30 to 80 years (Mean 55 plus/minus 25 years), from both the genders. Investigations were done on factors causing the breakage. After the analysis it was observed that the ratio of breakage of upper to lower denture was 1:3. Most breakages were common among males (55%). The most common reason being accidental dropping of the denture in case of the lower and improper fit and stability of the denture, improper arrangement and occlusion of the teeth for the upper one. Midline breakage was the most common site for breakage (60%). After analysis, the causes for the breakage were divided into material factors and clinical/technical factors. It was concluded that after denture insertion, instructions of denture care were required to be told to the patients to reduce mishaps, proper principles of denture fabrication were required for mechanical advantage of the denture – balanced occlusion, removal of interferences, reduction of stress concentration areas etc has to be followed. The use of high Impact acrylics and strengthened acrylic along with methods increasing breakage toughness of the conventional acrylic dentures are to be used.

Haemoglobin D trait (heterozygous form) is an abnormal haemoglobin variant which when present is clinically asymptomatic but its coinheritance with other haemoglobinopathies like haemoglobin S (Hb S) or thalassemia can cause sickle cell disease and chronic haemolytic anaemia of moderate severity. Also patients with haemoglobin D (Hb D) trait can pass the trait to their children. Hb D disease (homozygous form) is a rare disease and usually presents with mild haemolytic anaemia and mild to moderate splenomegaly. Case of a pregnant patient diagnosed incidentally with Hb D trait in her antenatal period posted for elective lower segment caesarean section has been reported.

Dental implants have become a predictable treatment option for restoring missing teeth. The successful outcome of any implant procedure depends on a series of patient related and procedure dependent parameters. Bone density has been suggested as one of the main factors influencing implant therapy success. Purpose: To compare the bone densities of maxillary and mandibular bones in pre and post-menopausal women. Methods: Data was obtained from cone beam computed tomography of 2 groups: 20 premenopausal women and 20 post-menopausal women. Bone density was measured in maxillary and mandibular posterior region using the CS 3D software. Group averages were calculated and compared. Results: a significant difference was found in the bone densities of 2 groups (p< 0.0001). Bone density of maxilla and mandible in post-menopausal women was less compared to pre-menopausal women. Conclusion: The bone density of post-menopausal women is less as compared to pre-menopausal women. Radiographic analysis of the bone using CBCT is recommended to plan ahead for the consequences and complications, which can arise later.

Background: Dental implants offer several benefits over conventional tooth replacements. Angulated abutments or a combination of angulated and straight abutments were used to support prostheses. Implant placement relates to emergence profile of the implant prosthesis and use of preangulated abutments to fulfill esthetic and functional objectives in selected cases. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate stress patterns on the bone around an implant of vertical and angulated abutments using finite element analysis. The objective was to evaluate and compare the Von misesstress (overall stress) distribution of vertical (00) and angulated (100,200& 300) abutments in D2 and D3 types of density of bone. Materials and Method: This study was conducted using finite element method. Two models were generated to simulate the D2 and D3 density bone using the digitized data computed from the computer tomography scans. Four groups of models with 00,100,200 and 300 abutments were analysed in ANSYS software. Axial loads of 178N was applied on the cingulum area of all the models. Results: The results showed an increased magnitude of stresses of approximately 4.4 folds was observed at overall bone implant interface as angulations of abutments increased from 00 to 300 under axial loading in D2 and D3 density types of bone. Conclusion: This concludes that Von Mises stresses were higher in 300 angulated abutment and increases from 00, 100, 200 & 300 on axial loading of 178N. However there was no significant differences was observed in magnitude of stresses in both D2 and D3 types of bone.

Introduction: Precise sonographic assessment of gestational age and fetal growth based on population specific references is essential for optimal obstetric management. This cross sectional study was conducted to establish ultrasound dating formulae in specified North Indian population. Methods: Fetal parameters in 583 singleton pregnant females were ultrasonographically measured for subsequent statistical analysis. Results: The means and standard deviations of biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length for each gestational age (derived from LMP) were calculated. Cubic Regression Equations were derived for each fetal sonographic parameter and a population specific dating formula was prepared. Discussion: North Indian fetuses are smaller than European fetuses even before 3rd trimester and gestational ages derived from sonographic Western reference equations are underestimated in this population. Hence IUGR is diagnosed frequently, suggesting the need of population specific formulae and charts. This cross sectional study is an endeavor to establish population specific fetal biometric parameters for assessment of appropriate gestational age and fetal monitoring.

Cervical tuberculosis is very rare disease, accounts for 0.1- 0.65 % of all cases of tuberculosis. We are reporting case of 23 year old nulligravida lady presented with 4 years history of primary infertility, infrequent menstrual cycles and post coital bleeding. On examination, external genital was normal on inspection. On speculum examination cervix was replaced by irregular fungating growth which bled on touch. Bimanual examination showed normal sized anteverted and mobile uterus. There was slight thickening of left fornix with no palpable adnexal mass or tenderness. Punch biopsy was taken in view of suspected cervical malignancy. Histopathology of cervical biopsy was suggestive of tubercular cervicitis with diffuse areas of ulceration of lining epithelium with acute inflammatory granulation tissue. Deeper sub epithelium showed presence of ill-defined collection of epithelioid cells with occasional langhans type of giant cells. Stain for acid fast bacilli was positive. Anti-tuberculin therapy was given for 9 months.

 The purpose of this article was to review the occupational hazards related to the practice of orthodontics, including all the risks involved. The classification of hazards was based on major sources of risks by system or tissue and by orthodontic office area. Potentially hazardous factors in general practice setting are to specific materials and tools that expose the operator to vision and auditory risks; to chemical substances with known allergenic, toxic, or irritating actions; to increased microbial counts and silica particles of the aerosols produced during debonding; and to psychological stress with proven undesirable sequelae. The identification and elimination of these risk factors should be incorporated into a standard practice management program as an integral part of orthodontic education.

Introduction: The stature prediction occupies relatively a central position in the identification necessitated by the medico legal experts or medical jurisprudence and also in the anthropological research. Assessing the height of an individual, from measurements of different parts, has always been of immense interest to forensic medicine experts. Tooth and skull are useful in providing valuable clues for forensics for intricate identification in stature estimation. Aims and objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the reliability of tooth and head dimensions in the estimation of stature of an individual. Material Methods: 300 subjects between ages 18-30 participated in the study. Stature was taken as standing height and measured using metric tape. They were subjected to carreas index for right lower hemi arch and measurements (arch and chord) were made with divider caliper for cephalometric skull dimensions. Head length was measured as occipitofrontal distance and breadth as maximum biparietal distance using cephalostat. Head circumference was measured using metric tape, data obtained was analysed using SPSS 20 software. Results: Males were taller and had higher mean arch and chord values. Male subjects had significantly greater maximum head length (P<0.05), maximum head breadth (P>0.05), head circumference (P<0.001), and stature (P<0.001) when compared to the females. Conclusion: When other body parts are not found, It is seen that Carrea’s formula shows good reliability and applicability of estimatimation of stature and head dimensions also are helpful completely in females in the estimation of stature.

Sarcoidosis possibly will involve the kidneys in several ways. Incidence and prevalence of renal involvement in sarcoidosis remain uncertain. Usually, aberrations of calcium metabolism include hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis, are responsible for the renal manifestations of sarcoidosis. Granulomatous infiltration of the renal interstitium produces severe derangements of renal function. Glomerulonephritis can occur with sarcoidosis, although the pathogenesis remains unclear. Besides renal insufficiency and frank renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, nephrolithiasis, hypertension, and a variety of tubular defects may complicate sarcoidosis. The sensitivity of "sarcoid nephropathy" to corticosteroids usually warrants therapeutic trial. Our case is the first in the literature that demonstrates the renal-confined sarcoidosis. A 29 year male referred to nephrologist for Chronic kidney disease pancreatitis hypertension. During his examination patient had developed renal disease and hypercalcemia. Mild splenomegaly with bilateral increased parenchymal echotexture were seen Interestingly, NO inter bowel free fluid seen, NO gross congestive features identified. NO obstructive uropathy and NO hydronephrosis were seen. Renal insufficiency associated with sarcoidosis was subsequently attributed to renal infiltration by sarcoid granulomas. Despite the presence of sarcoid granuloma in 13% to 22% of kidneys surveyed, the granulomas were usually few in number, limited in extent, and rarely suspected of producing important renal functional impairment.

Introduction: Indian Cancer Register reports the proportion of childhood cancers relative to all cancers as 0.8-5.8% in boys and 0.5-3.4% in girls. It’s imperative that dentists be familiar with the medical history and oral manifestations of Pediatric Malignancies in order to detect, diagnose and plan for effective intervention. Objective: To enumerate the types of Pediatric Malignancies as seen at Regional Cancer Center, Bengaluru, and to correlate it with their dental findings. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital- based study, involving in and outpatients aged 15 yrs. and below. Case history was recorded and retrospective analysis of medical files was undertaken. Relevant data was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Leukemia’s accounted for the most common type of malignancy reported. Significant reduction in constitutional symptoms was seen after chemotherapy, but oral complications like mucositis and ulceration were present. Dmft was significantly higher in cases group compared to control group. Conclusion: History taking, inspection and palpation should be mandatory in a dental setup. Also, once therapy is initiated appropriate treatment modalities should be employed to reduce the oral complications, so as to reduce discomfort and not hamper the progress of treatment.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs a non-toxic dye, termed a photosensitizer (PS), and low intensity visible light which, in the presence of oxygen, combine to produce cytotoxic species. PDT has the advantage of dual selectivity, in that the PS can be targeted to its destination cell or tissue and, in addition, the illumination can be spatially directed to the lesion. PDT has previously been used to kill pathogenic microorganisms in vitro, but its use to treat infections in animal models or patients has not, as yet, been much developed. It is known that Gram-(−) bacteria are resistant to PDT with many commonly used PS that will readily lead to phototoxicity in Gram-(+) species, and that PS bearing a cationic charge or the use of agents that increase the permeability of the outer membrane will increase the efficacy of killing Gram-(−) organisms. Treatment of localized infections with PDT requires selectivity of the PS for microbes over host cells, delivery of the PS into the infected area and the ability to effectively illuminate the lesion.

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and awareness about cleft lip among dental students. Background: Cleft lip is a congenital deformity which functionally and esthetically compromised the patient. Therefore, correct identification, treatment and management of cleft lip would improve the quality of life for a patient with cleft lip. Materials & Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study, which utilises a well-structured and modified questionnaire from other similar questionnaires. This study was conducted among the clinical students of Saveetha dental college. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions. Once the students had answered the questionnaire, the results were tabulated. Comparisons were done for each question to determine the level of knowledge. Conclusion: Through this study the knowledge, awareness, and practices of the dental students about cleft lip management was assessed, the awareness was not consistent with the accepted standards. Therefore, education should be provided and topics on cleft lip should be emphasised as a priority of academic curriculum and also create some interdisciplinary training with medical professionals especially plastic surgeons.

In a preliminary study for the assessment of the sanitary status of olive trees in Egypt during April and May in the two successive season 2014-2015. Three hundred shoots were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic ten olive cultivars from three different locations in Egypt i.e., Siwa, Marsa Matrouh and Beheira. RNA was extracted and used directly for one step RT-PCR with specific primer for each virus. Electron microscopy of sap extracts from olive infected leaves with the two viruses most commonly found Olive Latent Virus-1 (OLV-1) and Olive Latent Virus-2 (OLV-2) showed isometric particles consistent to Necrovirus (OLV-1) and bacilliform particles consistent to Oleavirus (OLV-2). Ultrastructure changes in inoculated Chenopodium amaranticolor and Chenopodium quinoa showed necrolization and vaculation of the cytoplasm, layside and degenerated of chloroplast membrane, deformation of chloroplast, tubular like structural, crossing the all wall and deformation and lysis of the nucleus. Nucleotide sequencing analysis for 230bp amplified fragment from the coat protein gene of OLV-1 and 222bp amplified fragment from the coat protein gene of OLV-2 showed homology ranged from 98% to 94 % with Italy and Poland Isolates for OLV-1 and 98 % to 94 % with USA and Italy for OLV-2. Based on molecular studies and cytopathological, viruses under study were identified as an isolates of OLV-1 and OLV-2.

Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into electricity or other useful forms of power. The ocean, covering 70% of the Earth’s surface, produces a vast amount of mechanical energy in the form of tides and waves. Tidal power has the potential for future electricity generation. Tidal power is a major growth area, with a global potential up to 100GW installed capacity. As non-renewable energy sources such as coal, oil etc., are being tapped out, new and innovative ways of creating energy of our needs being explored. The extraction and use of fossil fuels are causing many environmental problems of the world, such as climate change, the ozone layer destruction and so forth. The combustion of fossil fuels created an excess of carbon dioxide, an acceptable power generation technology must be mechanically sound, environmentally acceptable, and economically profitable in order to become a real alternative for builders of new capacity. So, renewable energy is the only solution in order to meet up the future crisis. Solar, wind, hydal, wave, tidal, geothermal, biomass, fuel cell etc., are the renewable energy sources. Among them tidal energy is an old but efficient method. Tidal power is classified as a renewable energy source, because tides are caused by the orbital mechanics of the solar system and are considered inexhaustible within a human timeframe. Energy from tidal power is also a form of pollution free energy, which has a lot of potential. Tidal power may be an alternative solution to meet up recent power crisis. Given proper care in design, siiting, deployment, operation and maintenance, ocean wave and tidal power could be one of the most environmentally benign electricity generation technologies yet developed.

India has a very rich biodiversity, unique physical and ethnic diversity, and traditional culture. In recent years, the habitat loss due to developmental programmes, overgrazing, animal husbandry and tourism has resulted in the loss of biodiversity. Natural causes such as floods, earthquakes and landslides also add to this tragedy. With this point of view, present work has been conducted which deals with a detailed study of habit and habitat, frequency of occurrence, ecological conditions, floral characters and ethnomedicinal properties of some endangered but medicinally important angiospermic plant species collected from Raebareli (U.P.). The reported plant species have been declared threatened by the Indian Subcontinent Plant Specialist Group. Therefore, there is urgent need to document complete biodiversity, prioritize useful threatened plants, and conserve them in-situ and ex-situ for sustainable utilization in health care and human welfare.

The total concentration of calcium in bile is much higher (25 meq/lt) than the plasma concentration due to calcium binding by other components of bile, especially bile salts. Vitamin D plays an important role in regulation of bile salts and megalin thus preventing gallstones. Since an increase in Biliary Calcium was found during gallstone formation in various studies. In present study an attempt was done to see if Vitamin D deficiency causes a rise in Biliary Calcium and precipitating gallstones.In present study a negative poor correlation was also observed between Biliary Calcium and Serum Calcium (r= -0.02) i.e. if Serum Calcium levels fall the Biliary Calcium level may increase but such finding was not significant statistically (p=0.83). In all patients calcium in bile was higher than serum suggesting the ability of gallbladder to concentrate calcium in gallbladder bile that may lead to stone formation.In the present study the mean Serum Vitamin D3 level was 13.16±6.76 ng/ml which shows deficiency of vitamin D3 in patients of gallstones.

Vietnam has natural conditions suitable for the growth and development of tea plants. Tea production plays an important role in the structure of agricultural production and tea products are important export items. Growing shan tea in the form of forestation is a technique that is very suitable to the land conditions, labor and farming practices of ethnic minorities in the uplands. Out of seven cuttings at different time annually on: January 15; Fabruary 15; March 15; September 15; October 15; November 15; December 15, those of the last two (Nov. 15th and December 15th) brought the best productivity. Of 5 new seedling height standards respectively: seedlings of 20cm (± 5cm) high; of 30cm (± 5cm) high; of 40cm (± 5cm) high; of 50cm (± 5cm) high; and those of 60cm (± 5cm) high. The results showed that newly planted Shan tea seedling height reached 60cm ± 5 after 12 months, the root diameter reached 1.24cm; the number of grade 1 branches reached 13.6; Number of leaves / tree reached 216.6 leaves; and survival rate was 96.7% higher than control at 95% of confidence level.

Introduction: Taste perception is the basic sensory activity for the right selection of food and beverages which we eat daily. Tongue recognizes five fundamental tastes out of which salt provides more than just salty taste to the food. Salt provides sodium and chloride ions which are needed by the body. But the habit of tobacco consumption alters taste perception. Nicotine the core content in tobacco is leading cause for decreased effectiveness of gustatory system. This eventually leads to excess salt consumption by tobacco chewers causing other health problems. Methodology: An observational study with a total of 50 samples was carried out in Vidarbha region from February to April 2017. Out of which 25 were tobacco chewers and 25 were non-tobacco consumers of age 21 to 55 years were taken. Different concentrations of salt solutions were made. The samples were made to sip different solutions. The response scale was made with different age group people reacting to different salt solutions. The data was further collected and analysed statistically. Result: The analysis showed no correlation between the age and salt taste perception. But there was significant relation between the tobacco chewers and taste perception. Chronic tobacco chewers (in any form) had a significant loss of salt taste perception. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that we need to have various National Health programmes to create awareness about ill effects of tobacco consumption. It not only hampers the normal taste perception but also is responsible for all other fatal health related diseases.

Background: Dental anomalies in deciduous dentition are commonly encountered by dental professionals. Early detection and careful management of such conditions can help in usual occlusal development. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental anomalies in deciduous dentition among Indian children from rural population. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised of 2809 children from 2-8 years (1641 boys, 1168 girls). The children were examined in outpatient department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. Based on the clinical and radiographic examination various anomalies were determined. Results: The dental anomalies were observed in 42 children in a population of 2809 with an overall prevalence rate of 1.5% with double teeth (0.5%) and hypodontia (0.6%), the most frequently observed anomaly. The other anomalies followed as 0.2% supernumerary teeth, 0.07% microdontia, 0.1% talon cusp. Conclusion: Identification of dental anomalies at an early age is of great importance as it prevents malocclusions, functional and certain psychological problems.

Imidazoline quaternary-ammonium-salt corrosion inhibitor and thioureido-imidazoline quaternary-ammonium-salt compound corrosion inhibitor were synthesized using oleic acid, diethylenetriamine, benzyl chloride and thiourea as theraw materials. The resulting samples were characterized by static weight-loss method, electrochemical polarization curve, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) as well as scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical characteristics of the inhibitors’ inhibition towards carbon dioxide corrosion were investigated, the major constituents of the protective film formed on the surface of A3 carbon steel by thioureido-imidazoline compound corrosion inhibitor were analyzed, and the corrosion inhibiting mechanism for thioureido-imidazoline in hypersaline was explored. The results indicated that thioureido-imidazoline compound corrosion inhibitor had better corrosion inhibiting effect than imidazoline and can efficiently inhibit the corrosion of A3 carbon steel by CO2-saturated hypersaline water.

In the present study, an attempt was made to explore the flow behavior of non-Newtonian fluids in coiled micro tube. The non-Newtonian fluids were aqueous solutions of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a polymer, with concentrations of 0.1 wt% and 0.5 wt%. Initially, the numerical procedure was validated by comparing the present predicted pressure drop of Newtonian fluid flowing in straight micro tube with known experimental data. Numerical computations were then carried out to characterize velocity field and temperature field of the non-Newtonian fluids flowing in coiled and straight micro tube. Friction factor and Nusselt numbers were computed and compared with the existing correlations for conventional tubes for the flow range of 500≤ NRe ≤1000. The results showed that the pressure drop in micro coiled tube was higher than the conventional tube. The heat transfer performance of coiled micro tube was more significantly enhanced for Newtonian fluids. Further work was carried out to study the effect of heat transfer for pseudo plastic fluids. It was found that the heat transfer performance of coiled micro tube increased with increase in pseudo plasticity of fluid.

In this paper, the combined effect of surface roughness and transverse magnetic field on the performance characteristic of the annular plates lubricated with conducting couple stress fluid (CCSF) has been studied. On the basis of the Christensen Stochastic model, the generalized stochastic Reynold’s equation is derived. Modified equations for the non-dimensional pressure, load-carrying capacity and squeeze film time are derived. The results are presented both numerically and graphically and compared with conducting smooth surface case. It is observed the surface roughness effects are more pronounced for couple stresses as compared to non-conducting Newtonian fluid (NCNF) in the presence of magnetic field.

This paper discuss about Survey done for the digital circuit design using different VLSI technologies. In digital electronic world, delay and power consumption improvement are the most important performance parameters of a circuit. To achieve this goal, we can reduce scaling of the feature size. In complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, reducing the channel length below about 45nm leads to critical problems and challenges such as decreasing gate control, short channel effect, high power density, high sensitivity to process variation and exponential leakage current increment. For these reasons reducing the transistors size finally will stop at a point, leading to grabbing advantage of new technologies that helps to overcome above problems. Hence, the survey was conducted to replace CMOS technology and a comparison is done to replace the CMOS technology with a suitable technology.

Benzodiazepines are well known class of antianxiety and hypnotic agents. They have replaced the traditional barbiturates and dicarbamates which were used for such treatments in 1990’s. Benzodiazepines are more effective in alleviating anxiety and stress as they have fewer and less severe side effects. BZD’s are also frequently prescribed as drugs for heart and circulatory problems. Objective of this review is to present a literature survey of preparation methods of [1,4] and [1,5]-benzodiazepines and their uses in synthetic organic chemistry. Few of these methods involve minor structural modifications so as to increase polarity, water solubility, metabolic degradation or better metabolic pathway. Some synthetic methods involve combination of pharmacologically active heterocyclic rings such as pyrole, oxadiazole, triazole, tetrazole or imidazole along with diazepine ring which is a promosing drug design strategy for site specificity.

The utilization of advanced technology in colleges and universities has led to increase efficiency in processing and exchanging of records, maintaining data quality, and production is leading to increase quality education and services. The study aimed to design and develop a computerized system to improve the student record management at the Guidance Office of Jose Rizal Memorial State University-Katipunan Campus, Philippines. The automated student record system computerizes the student records such as data from student record form, psychological test results, counseling notes, admission slips, referral slips and generates good moral certificates. It uses the developmental research method which system development life cycle approach is applied. Information Technology professionals and students were utilized to evaluate the system using the software quality factors by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9126-1. The statistical tool used was mean computations in tabulating the results. The research revealed that this system possesses five software quality characteristics which are very much functional, reliable, usable, efficient and maintainable. Storing, sorting and retrieval of student records became faster and more efficient. The study concludes that this system eliminates the existing problems like untimely retrieval and time-consuming in sorting and searching records as well as improves the student record management.

Extracting marine phytoplankton pigments is a frequently-used analytical technique for determining the main groups present in samples. Determining these compounds (carotenoids and chlorophylls) is done mainly by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), with visible UV detection and fluorescence, using a range of published methods. But the preliminary extraction required to determine them is a little-studied step that requires optimising. This paper analyses several factors that affect the extraction process, using ultra-sound microprobe as the main technique, validating the method with culture samples and real samples harvested at different depths.

There have been have been various studies investigating factors that influence hotel performance in Kenya mostly in coastal region in the recent past. These studies have analyzed the strategies, drivers and factors influencing performance focusing at reasons why some hotels perform outstandingly while other do not. This study focused on how information quality affects 3 to 5 star rated hotels performance in Nairobi, Kenya. The study adopted a survey design which allowed easy sampling and analysis of data. The Target population were employees of 3 to 5 star rated hotels with a sample of 384 from a population of 9,208 employees. A methodology for information quality assessment was used in formulating the study framework. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling. Primary data was collected by use of questionnaire instrument and a pilot study was conducted to check for the reliability and validity of the research instruments which were administered through drop and pick method. The pilot study picked 2 hotels not in the main study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyze and interpret data. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling. Primary data was collected by use of questionnaires which were administered through drop and pick method. Data screening was done to identify any missing data and it was further tested for reliability and normality. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha. The results showed that firms need to align their services delivery practices with the level of their information quality in order to achieve enhanced overall business performance. Based on these study findings the researcher concluded that Information Quality has a significant influenced on 3 to 5 star hotels performance to very a great extent. In order for hotel managers to sustain their customer and retain the customer base, there is need to take into consideration on the quality of information they avail to their customers in order to make right decision e.g. pricing, price, reservations and accommodations. The study recommended that for 3 to 5 star rated hotels to realize the dreams and vision of their customers in delivering quality service to their customers, they should proactively adopt information quality their operations in order to improve their performances.

Aims&Objectives: The area under curve (AUC) method is the first quantitative method measuring antioxidant protection against lipid oxidation, with a slightly different order of antioxidative effectiveness from reductive assays because of interfacial effects. In this study, peroxidation of copper (II) -induced linoleic acid (LA) emulsion was investigated using a new method of ‘area under curve’ (AUC) approximation based on iron thiocyanate colorimetry. Materials and Methods: The formation of hydroperoxides in the linoleic acid emulsion was carried out at 37 ° C and in an aerated incubation at pH 7. The peroxidation of LA followed by pseudo first order kinetics, and the increases of absorbance obtained as a function of the incubation period gave sigmoidal curves. When the maximum absorbance of the oxidation products is close to 1.0, the area under the kinetic curve (AUC) and the net AUC, i.e. (AUCsample – AUCblank) calculations, the calibration curve plotted with the net AUC versus the concentration for gallic acid. Results: Gallic acid equivalents (GAE) for 5-Methoxyisatin-3-(N-4chlorophenyl) thiosemicarbazone (H25MI3ClPT) and 5-Methoxyisatin-3-(N-phenyl) thiosemicarbazone (H25MI3PT) compounds were calculated using standard curves. As a result, the gallic acid equivalents (GAE) of antioxidant compounds followed the order of BHT (3,5-Di-tert-4-butylhydroxytoluene) > (H25MI3PT) > (H25MI3ClPT) with the use of this new AUC approach.

In this present world monitoring Organizational Performance has become a mandatory prospect. If we are able to diagnose the weakness as well as the flaws in the organizational performance it will make our day to day activities even better in every aspect. There has been creation of different performance model by academic and industrial veterans. Thus the objective of this research paper is to find the flaws of the existing performance models and initialize the better ideas within them to finally construct the rewarding universal performance model for aviation organization.

Background: Sweeping of membrane is a simple outpatient procedure performed to initiate onset of labour by increasing local prostaglandins production. Objective: To study the effect of sweeping of fetal membranes in initiation of onset of labour and its complications in postdate pregnancy (40-42 weeks) at OMH 2015. Methodology: This is a descriptive, prospective study, conducted at (OMH), during 2015. All low risk pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC), who completed 40 weeks or more (40-42) were included after an informed consent. Ethical approval was obtained from ethical review committee (ERC) at Sudan medical specialization board (SMSB). Sweeping was done by an obstetrician or a senior registrar after initial fetal and maternal assessment and ascertaining of gestational age (GA). Data was collected by trained data collectors and analyzed by computer program SPSS version 21.0 Results: A total of 995 women with uncomplicated postdate pregnancies (40-42) weeks underwent sweeping of fetal membrane for induction of labour. Many of them; 724 (72.7%) started contraction within 48 hours, 310 (31.2%) had one attempt of sweeping and 679 (68.2%) had two-four attempts. Out of them; 828 (83.2%) delivered vaginally, 153(15.4%) delivered by cesarean section and 14 (1.4%) delivered by forceps. After sweeping; 609 (61.2%) developed discomfort, 44 (4.4%) slight vaginal bleeding, 14(01.4%) ruptured their membrane before onset of labour and eleven (1.1%) developed infection. Seven (0.7%) babies were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), six of them with transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) discharged after 24 hours and one delivered by forceps developed severe birth asphyxia and early neonatal death. Conclusion: Sweeping of membranes is a useful simple and safe procedure for initiation of onset of labour with high client satisfaction and success rate which can reduce the need for formal methods of induction.

This article highlights the increment in the level of importance in the supply chain that companies implement in the activities and processes that they constantly carry out inside themselvesand through the adoption and good management of these methodsto obtain better results and opportunities for growth and, economic and business development of organizations to successfully meet the challenges of globalization. The main objective of the research project "characterization of the supply chain in local SMEs (Tuluá-Buga) to face the challenge of globalization" is to propose a diagnosis that shows the current situation of local SMEs (Tuluá-Buga) against the use of the supply chain as a fundamental factor in the search to improve business competitiveness in order to face the challenge of globalization, for which a descriptive-analytical methodology was employed. As the results of the research were obtained, the holdup the SMEs under study in terms of supply chain and the importance ithas within the organization,was evidenced; being this a factor that contributes to competition in national and international spheres, concluding that improvement proposals that bring companies to levels of productivity and competitiveness are required and absolutely necessary in a globalized world.

Recent evidences indicate that a large increase in FDI inflows to African countries including Ethiopia. And this FDI has seen as a crucial source of capital inflows and stimulants of economic growth in the country. And in order to attract this FDI, Ethiopia took some steps towards liberalizing trade and the macroeconomic regimes as well as introducing some measures aimed at improving the FDI regulatory frame works. But empirical literatures find mixed evidence on the impact of FDI on Economic growth in the host country. So, the main aim of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of FDI on economic growth by incorporating a simultaneous equation econometric model and 3SLS estimation technique based on time-serious data over the period 1974–2014. Following this empirical analysis, the study found a positive and statistically significant impact of FDI on economic growth in Ethiopia though the impact is weak in magnitude which is below the relative impact of domestic capital investment on economic growth. Thus, this study implies that Ethiopia could enhance its economic growth by improving the amount of FDI inflows and its contribution in the growth process.

This paper compared high and low academic achievers in respect of study. This study consisting of 30 items on different aspects of learning ways. The scale was administered on the sample of 100 students those were studying in class IX in different schools of Vijayapura district. Similarly, academic performance was measured through marks obtained by the students in the school level examination of class VIII. The analysis revealed that the learning way of secondary school students is related with their academic achievement. The high achievers have better learning way than the low achievers. It also showed that there is no significant difference between the high and low achiever students in respect of their learning way.

This paper explores the intertextual elements in Shazaf Fatima Haider’s (2013) How It Happened. The study is based on the theory of text and intertextuality proposed by Roland Barthes (1977). This theory suggests that no text ever exists in individuality. All the texts are interwoven, interlinked and dependent to each other by the intertextualelements. No text stands apart and claims to be original, and contains the aspects of creating a mosaic. The intertextuality is used and molded in accordance to the cultural needs, requirements and cultural context. The quantitative paradigm is employed in this research. By employing the descriptive analysis, the technique proposed by Sudaryanto (1993) the Simak Bebas Libat Cakap, is used to analyze the data. The data is selected after perused reading of the novel How It Happened (2013). The relevant data is extracted, noted down and further analyzed for intertextual references. The data are further elaborated in function of occupying that particular intertextuality. The findings revealed that strong intertextual elements from various fields, dimensions and realms are present in How It Happened. The intertextual references have specific functions to perform, which are traced as elaboration, intensification, humor, irony, comparison, extension and opposition in accordance to the specific cultural scenario.

Culture according to behavioral perspective is a total way of life, while educational perspective sees culture as something abstract that is educational, which form a system of knowledge, spirit, belief, meaning, ethos, values, the capability of mind functioning in shaping patterns of behavior typical of a community group. School culture is the culture of the organization in the context of schooling, so that the school culture is roughly equal to the culture of educational organizations. School is actually designed to carry out the functions of balance between the organization of learning and at the same time pay attention to propagate the culture layer in the values of faith and devotion as the focus system. To strengthen the culture of the school, the school becomes a true culture of the future engineering (Engineering of future culture which function of the members of immunity to students in adapting to global culture. The development of the culture of the school is expected to always pay attention to aspects of learners in accordance with the values of kindness and balance with the goal of social change.

Sewage sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants are being merited greater attention in light of their potential for improving soil properties and for providing important nutrient and trace element supplements that are essential for plant growth. Because of the differences in sludge characteristics among sludges that undergo different levels of treatment as well as the extensive and variable nature of pollutant inputs to wastewater, the fertilizer potential and pollutant risk of sewage sludge intended for agricultural application has to be specifically evaluated for each sludge. Sewage sludge generated from seven wastewater treatment plants in Swaziland were analysed for a range of physico-chemical characteristics including organic matter, nutrients, cation exchange capacity, pH and trace elements. Despite the differences in sludge processing and sludge storage ages, the sludge samples generally show high levels of organic matter, nutrients and trace elements needed for plant growth. The potential risk of heavy metal toxicity was evaluated by comparing the levels of heavy metals in the sludge samples with widely quoted and well known regulatory limits of a number of countries and the levels were found to be within acceptable risk level with respect to agricultural application. Chrome tannery sludge applied to agricultural land may have benefits in terms of added N for crop growth. An experiment was designed to compare tannery waste with commercial N fertilizer and investigate the potential of the waste as an alternative or supplement to commercial fertilizer. Soils with 38% and 7% organic C and N content of 1.3% and 0.2%, respectively, were amended with lime, commercial N fertilizer, or tannery sludge containing 1.6% Cr. A portion of the tannery waste was supplemented with additional Cr(+3) salt before adding to the soils. The amended soils were analyzed for total Cr, ammonium acetate extractable Cr, selected nutrient and trace element concentrations. The tannery sludge increased soil pH, total Cr and N, S, Ca, P, Mg, and Na concentrations.

“This IPO is for investors who really want to buy our share and be benefitted in the medium term. If someone intends on punting with the IPO, we are not the bank for such people. With punting, we feel that a customer does not become a shareowner.” (FT.lk, 2013) The above statement was mentioned by the former MD/CEO of Amana Bank (“The Bank”) FaizalSalih in the end of the year 2013 when the bank started floating its shares in initial public offering (“IPO”) under the slogan: “Own your share in our journey of success”. The aim of this study is to critically review the progress of the bank based on its strategies, financial position and performance and to provide suggestions on the way forward. Amana Bank is operating in one of the high growth industry of Islamic banking (Consultancy.UK, 2016). However, it appears that so far the bank is following a very narrow path when it comes to its strategies and competition. This narrow view has impacted its share and financial performance and position. In order to overcome this struggle, it has to broaden its view to understand the real competitors and focus on wider customers. It also has to consider the impact of growing financing alternatives such as financing provided by vehicle dealers, Mutual funds, Insurance schemes and Sharia-compliant fund management companies while keeping a close eye on the political changes in the form of threats and mega projects in the form of opportunity for the bank. As a result of these internal and external environmental comprehensions, Amana Bank can deploy many strategies to revamp its journey towards success. This study suggests rebranding or repositioning of the bank while addressing its operational inefficiencies as one of the recommendation. The case of Amana bank provides many insights to Islamic banks that operate in an environment where the majority of the customers do not fall into religious sentiments such as the importance of services and customer care. It also shows the impact of clear future strategies in firm’s market value.

The application of the culturological approach allowed buildinga qualitative theory of money, which ensures the innovative development of the economies of the countries of the world. Using the model of social and political order, it becomes possible to correctly assess the indicators of the quality of national money. This opens the way for further development of methods for analyzing economic policy.

This study was carried out in 12 primary schools of Makindye Urban council, Kampala district in Uganda to assess the primary school pupils’ level of moral behavior in Makindye Urban Council, Kampala district. Using cross-sectional survey design with a quantitative approach, the data was collected from 360 respondents, 350 of whom were pupils and 10 were head teachers. The findings indicated that the pupils’ level of moral behavior was high despite the general outcry of moral decadence in the world. It was recommended that parents should try their best to ensure that they close the social, environmental and economic gaps which can be detrimental to their children.

Microteaching is a compulsory part of any teacher’s training program to be taken before a student is allowed to go for the practice teaching. This indicates the importance of microteaching to prepare the future teacher trainees to teach in school. However, there are some modification in the practices of microteaching according to situations. This research had been carried out to investigate the attitude and perception of B.Ed. and M.Ed. students and teacher educators in Darbhanga district. 150 students from the B.Ed. and M.Ed. course and 10 teacher educators were chosen to become the respondents of this study. These respondents had involved in their microteaching course and had done their teaching practice in their training. Each respondent was asked to rate a set of statements (Rating Scale) consisted of 55 items regarding the microteaching experience. The findings of the study indicated that the students of both courses have high level of perception towards microteaching. They considered microteaching very useful for their prospective teaching. Teacher educators also had a positive attitude and perception towards microteaching but some teacher had low attitude and perception.

Effects of stachytarpheta cayennensis on haematological parameters were investigated in thirty (30) albino rats for a period of two (2) weeks. There was significant (P<0.05) decline in red blood cells values with increase in extract concentration as compared with control but the values were within the normal range. There was increase in packed cell value with increase in extract dosage but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05) except in high dose that showed low value with increase dosage concentration and was significant (P< 055) as compared with control. There was little increases in haemoglobin value as in low and medium dosages than control but a drop at high dosage of the extract which was significant P<0.05. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin, (MCH) mean corpuscular volume, (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, (MCHC) were all reduced with increases concentration of the extract. But, the white blood cells and the platelets were all increased with increased extract concentration. However, there was a drastic increase in the weight of the rats at increasing dosages of the extract particularly at 14 days of the administration. It is observed that extracted of S. cayennensis does not impact positively on blood cells and it is dangerous in the treatment.

Background: A major component of quality of health care is patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is multifaceted and a very challenging outcome to define. Patient expectations of care and attitudes greatly contribute to the satisfaction; other psychosocial factors, including facilities and treatments services are also known to contribute to the various patient satisfaction levels. Aim: To measure patient satisfaction about facilities, services and treatments offered by a dental hospital in India. Materials and Methods: Self administrated questionnaire was distributed to outpatients reporting to the dental hospital for treatment. The questionnaire consisted of 4 questions that included information about their satisfaction with the facilities, services and treatment received in the hospital. Results: About 75% of patients felt that the cost of dental hygiene services were reasonable, 85% of the patients were satisfied with the cleanliness of the clinic area, 80% of the patients said that it was easy to make an appointment, 85% of patients felt that the dentist was professional, courteous and polite. Conclusion: The majority of the patients were satisfied with the facilities, services and treatment received at hospital except for facilities such as water supply and scheduling appointments with patient convenience.

Processing a poorly soluble drug is a challenging task during formulation development. Nano suspension is one of the techniques that can improve the dissolution of poorly soluble drug. Nanosuspension is the fine dispersion of uniform-sized solid particles in an aqueous vehicle. The present work was aimed at the formulation and evaluation of nanosuspension of Nifedipine, a poorly water soluble anti-hypertensive drug. The nanosuspensions were prepared by nanoprecipitation alone and in combination with ultrasonication method using acetone as solvent and water as antisolvent. The prepared nanosuspensions were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), drug entrapment efficiency and release behaviour. The effect of variable concentration of drug, stabilizer, extent of ultrasonication, and solvent to antisolvent ratio on the physical, morphological and dissolution properties of Nifedipine were studied. The average particle size of Nifedipine nanoparticles was found to be in the range of 13–230 nm. It was further confirmed by SEM photograph. The particle size varies with increase in concentration of drug and stabilizer. The preparations showed negative zeta potential and polydispersity index in the range of 0.3-0.9. The dissolution of prepared Nifedipine nanoparticles markedly increased as compared to the pure drug. The dissolution profiles of nanosuspension formulation showed up to 74.4 % release in 4 h. It may be concluded that the nanoprecipitation with ultrasonication have potential to formulate homogenous nanosuspensions with uniform-sized stable nanoparticles of Nifedipine. The prepared nanosuspension showed enhanced dissolution which may lead to enhanced oral bioavailability of Nifedipine.

Sialolithiasis has been reported to be the most common disease of the salivary gland affecting 12 individuals per 1000 of the adult population. It is the most common cause of acute and chronic infections of salivary gland and accounts for greater than 50% of the diseases involving large salivary glands. Sialolith greater than 15mm in any one dimension or 1 gram in weight have been classified as giant sialoliths in literature. Residual cyst may be radicular, dentigerous or any other cyst which persists after the removal of its associated tooth. They account for approximately 10% of all odontogenic cysts and are usually asymptomatic. The aim to the present article is to report simultaneous occurrence of giant submandibular sialolith with unsusual shape and residual cyst on the contralateral side. The interesting point to note is the strikingly similar appearance of sialolith to canine.

The most common helminthic infection in Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) is considered to be Enterobius vermicularis and when it affects appendix it produces symptoms of acute appendicitis. Its association with acute appendicitis varies from 0.2% to 41.8%, most predominantly affecting children and rare in adults. We present a case of 22 year old male clinically diagnosed as acute appendicitis but pathological examination revealed Enterobius vermicularis infection in appendix which is an infrequent finding. The intestinal parasitic infection may mimic acute appendicitis clinically but careful examination and evaluation of symptoms such as pruritis ani or eosinophilia on blood examination may be present.

Introduction: The term menopause simply refers to the last menstrual period which is defined by not having had a period in 12 months. Although a technical definition of menopause refers to your last period, it is not an abrupt event but a gradual process. The cessation of menstrual cycles at the end of a woman's reproductive period is termed as menopause. Menopause before age 45 is considered premature in industrialized countries. The age of menopause is largely a result of genetics; however, illnesses, certain surgeries, or medical treatments may cause menopause to occur earlier. Methodology: In this pre-experimental study, 60 menopausal women in the age group of 45-55 years were selected as the samples for the study by using non-probability purposive sampling. The data was collected by using structured questionnaire on post-menopausal symptoms. Data analysis were performed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. SPSS-17 software was used and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Result: In the pre- test [mean =6.2, SD= .879], majority of the menopausal women had inadequate knowledge regarding post – menopausal syndrome and in the post test[mean= 12.15, SD=1.022], majority of the menopausal women had moderate knowledge regarding post – menopausal syndrome. Discussion: The result shows that there was improvement in knowledge regarding post – menopausal syndrome after implementation of structured teaching programme on post – menopausal syndrome which was calculated at 0.05 level of significance. So, it is concluded that the structured teaching programme on post – menopausal syndrome was effective to improve the knowledge of post - menopausal women.

Acute pancreatitis is a rare entity when presenting in a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Since it was first described in 1939 less than 200 cases have been reported in literature. We are reporting a case of a 17 year old girl, a diagnosed case of SLE, who had developed sudden onset abdominal pain, and subsequently diagnosed with Lupus induced Acute Pancreatitis. She was started on steroid therapy after the diagnosis but consequently succumbed to the illness, after developing lupus pancreatitis related ARDS. This case report thus intends to highlight the need for early diagnosis with a raised index of suspicion with pancreatitis being the possible diagnosis in SLE patients presenting with pain abdomen and the need for early intervention in such patients.

AIM: To do the morphometric analysis of the hard palate. OBJECTIVE: By analysing the palatine length and breadth, which is used to determine the palatine index, the position of the greater foramen (GPF), the distance of GPF from the middle maxillary suture (MMS) and the variation in number of lesser palatine foramina (LPF); the variations of the hard palate in South Indians can be seen. BACKGROUND: The morph metric analysis of the hard palate is done by determining the palatine index, GDF, MMS as well as the LPF of unsexed South Indian skulls; which plays an important role in the passive articulation of speech. This information will also provide needed information about defects during development which can lead to conditions like cleft palate. The basis to this is that the osteological and morphological variations of the hard palate is of great clinical value. REASON: The hard palate has got variations in age and race. There is a need to analyse and find out the Palatine Index for South Indian population. This could prove as a useful tool for plastic surgeons as well as anthropologist.

In 2009, Sacramento County Mental Treatment Center (SCMHTC) shut down half of the 100 inpatient beds in the only Crisis Stabilization Unit (CSU) in the county causing patients who depended on the county mental health with limited resources. The lack of resources in the community resulted in long wait times for appointments in the county outpatient facilities. Due to these complications, psychiatric patients resorted to the Emergency Departments (ED) for their treatment, causing an influx of psychiatric patients, poor and sometimes sub-therapeutic care from the ED clinicians. To formulate a better process to care for the patients in the ED, the Mental Health Improvement Coalition comprising of leaders from the Hospital Council of Northern and Central California region and other stakeholders worked with Sacramento County healthcare providers with goals of reducing the incidence of psychiatric crisis in the ED. The proposal included a strategy to ensure that psychiatric patients have access to quality medical care, both when they present to the ED, and when they transfer to the psychiatric inpatient facilities. This lead to a proposal to standardize the medical clearance process across all EDs in the Sacramento region, and inpatient psychiatric treatment programs. To facilitate the timely transfer of patients to appropriate treatment centers, the SMART medical clearance protocol was developed to provide a guide for ED physicians to medically stabilize patients.

Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the recognized Central nervous System (CNS) complications in HIV infected patients. However, so far there were unknown researches conducted regarding the prevalence of epilepsy among HIV infected adult patients in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular. Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of epilepsy among HIV infected adult patients who were on Anti-retroviral treatment (ART) in Adama Hospital Medical College, 2017. Methodology: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted using quantitative data collection method. A total of 748 HIV infected adult patients on Anti-retroviral treatment were recruited. Face to face interview was conducted using pretested structured questionnaire to collect the data. The imaging and laboratory results were extracted from Anti-retroviral treatment Logbook using checklist. The collected data was entered using Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Results: The prevalence of Epilepsy among HIV infected adults patients on ART was 15.4% (95% CI: 12.7, 17.9). The most common opportunistic infections were Cryptococcal meningitis and Toxoplasmosis. Conclusion and Recommendations: The prevalence of Epilepsy among HIV infected adult patients taking ART is high. The health care providers should take in to account for the need of testing for HIV in adults while diagnosing Epilepsy.

Background: In recent years forensic odontology has gained a lot of importance in age estimation of an individual. Developing teeth are used to estimate age in number of disciplines using various techniques of age estimation. Aim: To compare chronological age with age estimated by Nolla’s method in children of 6-13 years. Materials and Methods: Digital orthopantomogram of 100 children (50 males and 50 females) visiting Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune in the age group of 6-13 years were selected. Calcification stages of mandibular left and right canine were assessed and graded according to Nolla’s calcification stages for determination of dental age and compared with the chronological age.Paired ‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation test was used for statistical analysis. Result: There was astrong positive correlation found between age estimation by Nolla’s method and chronological age on left as well as right mandibular canine. Conclusion: Nolla’s method is simple and reliable method in estimating dental age. Such studies should be carried out on larger sample size and variable age groups to generalize the result.

Background: Caudate surgical resection is considered to be the most effective method and the main indication for treating tumors in the caudate lobe and that is still a challenge for hepatobiliary surgeons. Our objective is to present two new main concepts; one is the fourth porta hepatis, the other is that large caudate lobe tumors could be defined if the size of the tumor is larger than 5cm. Methods: of the 22 patients who underwent caudate lobe tumors resection between January 2013 and December 2016, we performed various surgical approaches for resecting the caudate lobe tumors. Results: There were 12 male, 10 female patients, age ranging between 15 and 74 years. The indications were hepatocellular carcinoma in seven patients, hemangioma in six patients, focal nodular hyperplasia in two patients, cholangiocarcinoma in seven patients. Left-sided approach was performed in one case, right-sided approach in two cases, a combined approach in 17 cases, and anterior approach in one case. There was no death in the postoperative period. Conclusions: Caudate lobe is not only a hepatic segment but can also be defined as an Accessory liver, and it has individual bile duct and blood vessels which we define as a fourth porta hepatis. Caudate lobe Tumor size and location is the main factor that influences the choice of surgical approach.

Introduction: The complex root canal anatomy has been the reason for great research by the dentists worldwide. Frequent variation like apical deltas, accessory canals, and multiple orifices, have great significance in pediatric dentistry because of the close anatomic relationship between the primary teeth and the follicle of succedaneous permanent teeth. Aims: The purpose of this study is to compare the decalcification technique and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detection of accessory canals and to assess the prevalence, location and pattern of accessory canals in human primary molars. Methods and Material: The sample comprised of 75 extracted maxillary and mandibular primary molars. The presence of furcation & accessory canals were assessed by a single trained observer using a CBCT machine for radiographic technique & Microscope (Olympus SZX7) for cleared samples. The shape and position of accessory canal was tabulated under the stereomicroscope for every tooth separately. Results: There is a significant difference between CBCT technique and decalcification method in determining the presence of accessory canal in furcation area of primary teeth (P<0.05).The presence of oval shaped and round shaped canals were non significant and their presence in furcation area also failed to reach the level of significance (p > 0.05). Statistical analysis used: Fisher’s Exact Test & Chi square test. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of accessory canal in furcation area of primary teeth. In comparing the different methods, decalcification was found to be significantly better than CBCT.

Aim: To understand and deduce the prevalence of mandibular fractures in patients having maxillofacial injuries which includes isolated mandibular fracture, maxillo-mandibular fractures and poly-trauma from a 42 month retrospective survey in central region in India. Material & Methods: The data base of 42 months has been evaluated from trauma centers in Central India in which we have assessed only those patients whose case history was complete with radiographic evidence. A total number of 596 cases of mandible fractures either present as a single entity or associated with poly-trauma. The total number of 1197 fractures was noted in mandible in 596 patients. Manual data analysis was done to evaluate the prevalence of mandibular fractures concerning the site and differentiated on the basis of age and gender. In our study we have excluded those patients which are having incomplete or inappropriate data. Results: We have found that maximum prevalence concerning the site of mandible fracture in the central region is at symphysis and parasyphysis region (34%) followed by body (22.3%), condyle (19.5%), angle (17.7%), dento-alveolar region (3%), comminuted fractures (2.4%) and coronoid fractures (0.66%). There is prevalence of fractures with gender ratio of 3.3:1 with domination of males with decreased association of other bone injuries (37%) as compared with its individual incidence (63%). We have also found the higher range of double site fractures in comparison with single and multiple ones. Conclusion: Maxillofacial injuries in the last few years has been decreased due to compulsory use of helmets and seat belts while driving. The pattern of fractures determines that the fractures are mainly due to high impact trauma and knowing a precise idea about the prevalence we can fabricate proper preventive measures and protocols for treatment regime.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Shenling Baizhu San (SLBZS) for the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through systematic review. Methods: Biomedical databases, including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CBM-disk, CNKI, VMIS and WFMO were searched from their inceptions until 31th October 2015. Randomized controlled trials of oral SLBZS involving the outcome measures of symptom improvement, quality of life assessment, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), arterial blood gas analysis and/or frequency of dyspnea or diaphragmatic fatigue. Twelve studies were identified and extracted by two reviewers. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was conducted for the assessment of Methodological quality. Data were analyzed using the RevMan 5.3.0 software. Results: Twelve studies involving 814 participants were included and all of them were carried out in china. The results of meta-analysis indicated patients receiving SLBZS plus conventional therapy showed a significantly relieving in clinical manifestation than those receiving conventional therapy alone (RR:5.00, 95% CI: 2.98 to 8.39), SLBZS plus conventional therapy also had greater improvement in the quality of life no matter using CAT (RR:-4.52, 95% CI: -5.72 to -3.32) or SGRQ (RR:-13.33, 95% CI: -15.97 to -10.68) for assessment. SLBZS may have a potential benefit in increasing dyspnea remission rate and decreasing the incidence of respiratory failure (RR:0.95, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.47), as well as improving ventilation in patients (RR:-1.41, 95% CI:-2.49 to -0.33). It seems all trails had showed beneficial tendency. Nevertheless, the interpretation of research results still need to be cautious, because none of the trails described the method of allocation concealment, blind and follow-up. Conclusions: SLBZS seems to be an acceptable, additional treatment measures for stable stage COPD patients. The further evaluation of SLBZS in efficacy and safety needs more high quality randomized controlled clinical trial evidence.

Foreign bodies that enter a patient as a result of trauma are contaminated and produce a range of symptoms. Gunshot injury are known to cause severe morbidity in head and neck region. The complex facial anatomy is a challenge to medical and oral surgeons in reconstruction. We report a case in which the patient gives history involving a gunshot injury to the chin. The patient did not have any major complaints relating to the bullet injury in his mandible or any symptoms. However the bullet injury caused severe comminution of the lower border of the symphysis of mandible.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyse the physicochemical characteristics of three different types of alloplastic bone graft materials used in periodontal regeneration. Materials and Methods: The materials used were Monophasic Hydroxyapatite – Biograft HA, Bioactive Glass- Perioglas and Tricalcium phosphate- Biograft TCP. The physicochemical properties of the materials were tested using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Thermogravimetry and Dissolution rates. Results: Perioglas and Hydroxyapatite showed smaller particle size while Tricalcium Phosphate showed larger particle size. Biograft HA and Biograft TCP showed rough and irregular surface while Perioglas showed a smooth surface. As the three materials were synthetic or alloplastic, there was the absence of lattice water or organic content. The tested materials were stable upto 10000C, which shows that they were thermally stable and phase pure and without any impurities. In the dissolution tests done for calcium, all the materials showed positive results. Bioactive glass had more dissolution compared to Hydroxyapatite and Tricalcium phosphate. In the dissolution test for silica, Perioglas showed increased dissolution of silica upto 24 hours. Conclusion: The alloplastic biomaterials belonged to calcium phosphate and bioactive glass group. It was found that even for those with similar chemical characteristics, significant differences were noted with regard to particle size, surface roughness and dissolution properties. Calcium phosphate based ceramic showed porous surface architecture conducive to cellular and vascular proliferation. All the tested materials were phase pure with no impurities. Increased dissolution of calcium and silica were seen in Perioglas when compared to calcium phosphate.

Introduction: Pressure ulcer is the lifelong and serious complications following the spinal cord injury. They have a potential to interfere with Physical, psychological and social wellbeing and to impact the quality of the life. Pressure ulcers are defined as the lesion caused by unrelieved pressure resulting in damage of underlying tissue (Bergstorm et al., 1992). They usually occur over the bony prominence and are classified as degree of tissue damage. Materials and Methodology: A through literature search was done Through mentioned database and a total of 37 articles were obtained out of which 19 articles were included in the study. The results of the studies were analyzed. Discussion: Different studies showed effects of different treatment techniques on pressure ulcer. It has been classified as positive, negative and conflicting evidence in this review. Conclusion: Decubitus direct current treatment, turning every 4 hours on a Visco Elastic mattress, Ultraviolet radiation (type B), electrical stimulation, foam mattress and multi layered high compression is found to be effective to treat pressure ulcer in patients with spinal cord injury.

Several infectious diseases are transmissible by blood transfusion, especially viral infections. The most common blood-transmitted viruses are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These viruses cause fatal, chronic and life-threatening disorders. The purpose of this study was to establish the current distribution of hepatitis viruses (B and C), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis (VDRL test) and Malaria among donated blood units in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 296 blood units were found positive on initial testing for a marker of transmissible infection. Distribution of seropositivity was as follows: HBV: 57.7% (171/296), HCV: 20.6 % (61/296), HIV: 17.9% (53/296) & VDRL: 2 % (6/296), Malaria - Nil Co-infection with HIV+HBV: 1 % (3/296) Co-infection with HIV+HCV: 0.6 % (2/296)

Frenum also known as frenulum or frena is a fold of tissue or muscle connecting the lips, cheek, or tongue to the jawbone. Ankyloglossia, commonly known as tongue tie, is a congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormally short/tight lingual frenulum, which restricts mobility of the tongue tip. Though the ankyloglossia or tongue tie is not a serious manifestation, it may lead to a host of problems including infant feeding difficulties, speech disorders, and various mechanical and social issues related to the inability of the tongue to protrude. Lingual frenectomy is advised for the management of ankyloglossia. The present paper discusses one such case of successful management of ankyloglossia using diode laser.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adherence and detachment of bacterial biofilms formed on glass surface modified with 10F2S-3I or FF01 using a PMbiofilm model. Modified and unmodified cover glasses were immersed in buffered McBain medium containing stimulated saliva, and theywere cultured to develop PM biofilms. There were separated six experimental groups (n = 6), designated WC: cover glass washing withCPW, WI: modified with 10F2S-3I cover glass washing with CPW, WF: modified with FF01 cover glass washing with CPW, NC: cover glass without washing, NI: modified with 10F2S-3I cover glass without washing, NF: modified with FF01 cover glass without washing.The modified and unmodified groups were further divided by either gently washing withCPW or without washing. Serial dilutions were conducted of the bacterial cultures, which were then cultured on blood agar medium to count CFU.PM biofilms were easily detached from 10F2S-3I and FF01 modified surfaces by washing with CPW. There were no significant difference of CFU among NC, NI and NF. But WI and WF were significantly lower than in WC. It was concluded that PM biofilms grown on the glass surface modified were easily detached compared with the unmodifiedglass groups.

PAN is a systemic disease which can have different skin manifestations including tender erythematous nodules, purpura, livedo reticularis, ulcers, and bullous or vesicular eruption. Here we present a case of rapidly progressing skin ulcers in a 67 year old male with a past medical history significant for seizure disorder, hypothyroidism, and chronic inactive hepatitis B. He was admitted for right lower extremity cellulitis with necrotic ulceration. Surgical excisional debridement was performed at the bedside on the left leg. Post-debridement the patient started having fever spikes and was treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin. Cultures revealed growth of pseudomonas aeruginosa and beta hemolytic streptococcus group B from the right lower extremity. Venous studies revealed an old deep vein thrombosis in bilateral common femoral, femoral and popliteal veins. Rheumatological work up revealed elevated ESR levels of 104 mm/hr, high sensitivity CRP of >160.0 and positive ANA titers of 1:80 with speckled pattern. The probability of PAN became high in our differential given his history of chronic hepatitis B infection. A skin biopsy of the left ankle revealed acute and chronic inflammation along with perivascular neutrophilic inflammation, suggestive of leukocytoclastic vasculitis confirming the diagnosis of PAN. The patient was then started on prophylactic Tenofovir and steroids which led to significant improvement as evidenced by declining inflammatory parameters, rapidly healing ulcers and no further fever spikes. Antibiotics were slowly tapered off and the patient was discharged home on oral prednisone and Tenofovir. Hepatitis B infection regardless of activity status should prompt physicians to include PAN in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with similar skin lesions along with signs of systemic inflammation. Timely initiation of steroids remains the gold standard therapy after prophylactic antiviral therapy is initiated in patient with chronic inactive status.

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases including stroke, coronary heart diseases and renal failure. Therefore, prevention of risk factors through health education, becomes an important goal in overall efforts to reduce the incidence of hypertension related cererbrovascular complications and outcomes. Aim: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of health education on prevention of risk factors of cerebrovascular accident among hypertensive patients. Design: One group pretest posttest under quasi experimental research design was adopted for this study. Sample: The study was conducted on 60 hypertensive patients using a purposive sampling technique. Materials: A 20 item structured knowledge questionnaire based on the knowledge on prevention of risk factors of cerebrovascular accident among hypertensive patient was used. The reliability of the tool was assessed by using test-retest method, which was found to be 0.75. Result: The result of this study revealed that, in pretest, 80% of the hypertensive patients had poor knowledge (score 0-6) and 20% of them had average knowledge (score 7-13) regarding prevention of risk factors of cerebrovascular accident. In posttest, all of them had good knowledge (score 14-20) regarding prevention of risk factors of cerebrovascular accident (Fig.1). This indicates that the knowledge of the hypertensive patients improved remarkably after health education. Conclusion: Health education plays an important role in creating awareness among people regarding the health issues. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cerebrovascular accident and this study proves that by imparting education regarding prevention of risk factors for cerebrovascular accident on hypertensive patients, an individual can be saved from the risk.

Children are the most precious assets of any nations; every nation is investing heavily in the education of its system. The children’s educational need full fill from special education. Learning disabled children have different personality character than normal children behaviors of an individual seem to fit together in a meaningful way. It is to be kept in mind that the nature of behaviors is dynamic and there may occur changes in the organization and structure of behaviors over a period of time. It is in this sense that Allport (1937, 1961), defined personality as the dynamic organization within the person of the psychophysical systems that determine the unique adjustments to one’s environment. Here study of personality character of children with learning disability. Used test for measurement of personality Children personality questionnaire (CPQ) by Rutherford B. Porter, and Raymond B. Cattell, and IPAT Staff (1972).the main finding are Learning disabled children are rigid, distrustful, objective, cool, and critical. The children with learning disability have low intelligence level, low mental ability, unable to handle abstract problem.

Coronary spasm is one of the mechanisms of myocardial infarction with non fixed organic stenosis of epicardial coronary arteries. Right ventricular ischemia with High-degree AV block and coronary spasm have been reported together rarely in medical literature. This is a case of a 57-year-old man; Admitted to emergency for chest pain, ECG showed third degree atrioventricular block with ST segment elevation in inferior and right derivations, coronary angiography with methergine test revealed an ostial spasm of the right coronary from, rapidly regressive after an intracoronary injection of isosorbide dinitrate.

Histoplasmosis is a mycotic disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum which exists as moulds in fertile and humid soil, rich in bird and bat droppings and as yeast in infected tissues. It is classified clinically as acute pulmonary, chronic pulmonary or disseminated form. Oral manifestations account for 25-40% of the disseminated form of the disease and can present as solitary, variably painful, shallow or deep ulcer or less commonly in the form of nodules. It is commonly found in immune compromised patients. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis can be established by identification of fungus from infected tissues and/or culture studies. Presence of fungal yeasts are best demonstrated by staining the sections with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Grocott Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stain which demonstrate the characteristic 1-2 micron yeasts of Histoplasma capsulatum. Treatment modalities include, administration of antifungal drugs like intravenous Amphotericin B, oral Itraconazole or Ketoconazole but proper monitoring of hepatic function is essential. A unique case of localised, nodular variant of Histoplasmosis involving the hard palate in an immune competent patient without pulmonary involvement has been discussed with emphasis on clinicopathological and histological features along with treatment modalities.

The most commonly found impacted teeth are the maxillary canines. Their management, at times, proves to be frustrating for the orthodontist. The treatment planning and successful management of the impacted canines require a multi-disciplinary approach with the periodontist. The position of the tooth in the bone and other factors like the width of attached gingiva play a role in decision making for treatment of impacted canines. This article presents a case report of labially impacted maxillary canine and also aims to review the guidelines for management of the same.

The content of the investigation was to prepare and evaluate the floating-bioadhesive tablets of baclofen (BC) to sustain the drug release. BC is a skeletal muscle relaxant and is used to treat muscle symptoms and also acts as antispastic agent. BC have biological half-life of 1.5 to 4 h and also shows pH dependent solubility. Hence, it is considered as a potential candidate for development of floating-bioadhesive drug delivery system. The BC tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using guar gum and xanthan gum as gel forming agents and sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agent. The prepared tablets were evaluated for physical parameters, in vitro buoyancy and in vitro dissolution studies. Further, in vivo radio graphic studies of optimized formulation were performed in healthy human volunteers in fasting condition. In vitro release studies revealed that guar gum and xanthan gum containing (F9) tablets of baclofen showed 97.89±1.04% of drug release at 8 h time period. DSC studies revealed that no interaction between drug and other excipients. In vivo radio graphic studies revealed that the tablets showed mean gastric residence time of 4 ± 0.8 h in the stomach. Therefore, the results conclusively demonstrate the sustained effect of baclofen was achieved by the combination of floating and bioadhesive mechanism.

The residual cyst is a type of inflammatory odontogenic cystic lesion, caused by an inflammatory periapical cyst that persists retained within the bone after extraction of the affected tooth involved, or arises after incomplete removal of an original cyst, motivating the persistence of a radicular cyst. Also known as asymptomatic inflammatory odontgenic cyst, these cysts may rise from inflammatory fibrous and granulation tissue at the apex/periapical region of a tooth not curetted at the time of dental extraction. In this case report, a 40 year old female patient presented with a painless swelling of approximately 2x2 cm in size, on the mandibular left back region since one month. Clinical signs and symptoms suggested of residual cyst. Presentation, diagnosis and management of the cyst is discussed.

Aim & Objectives: To assess the role of mastoid process in gender determination by analyzing its dimensions in a computed tomographic image. Methodology: Sample size of 100 CT images was determined, considering a confidence level of 95% and an error rate of +/-5%. Radiographic linear measurements were made using customized DICOM software to accurately analyze the dimensions of mastoids in CT images. Statistics analysis: Z test and Interval estimation was performed. Results: Dimensions of mastoids in CT images of males were found to be higher when compared to females. Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that mastoids are one of the tools for gender identification, yielding a good level of accuracy by using computed tomographic images.

Leadership has been studied extensively due to the important role it plays in the management of organizations, especially in a rather competitive market. In this context, leaders play a crucial role in the growth of companies. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the influence of female leadership in the development of the people under their leadership in a multinational company operating in the segment of cosmetics. To this end, the methodology that has been used in this study was the exploratory survey through a case study with a qualitative approach. The survey was conducted through interviews based on a structured guide and participant observation. The interviews were carried out with five female leaders of the company that have become directors in less than two years and lead teams of at least 30 people. Observation, on the other hand, was made during a few meetings of the interviewed female leaders with those they lead. The survey has shown that the respondents exercise leadership through example and that the prevalent leadership styles are the charismatic and the transformational styles.

The discovery of penicillin opened a new era in the treatment of infectious diseases, described as the “golden age” of antibiotic research (1940–1962). Discovery of other antimicrobials soon followed, and included widely used antibiotics like streptomycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. For the first time, many common bacterial diseases could be cured. However, with increasing use of antibiotics, more and more pathogenic bacteria developed resistance to their inhibitory effects. Currently, antimicrobial resistance threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-expanding range of infections. It is an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires immediate action. The major factors responsible for antibiotic resistance are (1) Inappropriate use & misuse of antibiotics (2) Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in agriculture and veterinary practices (3) Insufficient research and development. In order to combat the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the inappropriate and misuse of antibiotics by the general public should be discouraged by generating awareness regarding development of AMR and its consequences through IEC activities. There should be a check on over the counter sale of antibiotics. Guidelines on antibiotic use and infection control should be followed strictly by health care providers in health facilities and these guidelines should be timely updated.

Background: Serum creatinine is considered to reflect renal function; however, it is not a very accurate gauge, especially in detecting early loss of renal function. To estimate the role of serum creatinine, sodium, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as determinants of survival in patients with End stage liver disease (CTP-C). Methods: Patients with decompensated cirrhosis (CTP-C) and serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dl were included in the study. Patients with Diabetes, Hypertension, Post-transplant candidates were excluded. MELD was calculated by MELD Score. MELD Na was calculated by MELD-Na = MELD +1.59 (135 - Na).eGFR was calculated by the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) formula. The primary event of interest in this study was death within 6 months. Results: Total 64 patients were included in the study. 30(46.8%) were having alcohol, 19 (29.6%) patients had viral etiology as the cause of cirrhosis. Out of 64 patients, 18 patients (28.12%) died during 6 months follow up. Hyponatremia was present in 61.1% of dead patients and 21.7% of survived patients. eGFR was ≥90ml/min/1.73m2 in 12 patients, 16% died. eGFR was 60-89 ml/min/1.73m2in 32 patients,25% died and eGFR was <60 ml/min/1.73m2in 20 patients, 40% died. Univariate Analysis of Baseline Variables showed serum creatinine had no significance in the survival of patients with end stage liver disease (CTP-C). MELD score, eGFR, serum sodium and MELD-Na had significance in the survival. Multivariate Cox Regression Summaries for MELD, Hyponatremia, and MELD plus Serum Sodium in Predicting Death Considering 6-Month Follow-Up Data showed c-Static for MELD is 0.75 where as c-Static for MELD-Na is 0.805 and for a model comprising bilirubin, INR, eGFR and sodium is 0.816. Conclusions: When compared to serum creatinine, eGFR is a better tool for estimating survival of patients with ESLD. As eGFR decreases the percentage of mortality increases.

Liposarcomas of the Head and Neck region are rare. Laryngeal liposarcomas are even rarer with only 40 reported cases in the world literature. However, dedifferentiated laryngeal liposarcomas are even scarce. These tumours are often misdiagnosed and mistreated as other tumours, in some cases even benign lipomas. There is no reported case of high gradededifferentiated laryngeal liposarcomas from the Caribbean countries. We report the first case of a dedifferentiated laryngeal liposarcoma from the Caribbean with up to date literature search and its management options are outlined.

Background: Sepsis-induced multiple organ failure is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients. The precise mechanisms by which this dysfunction is caused remain to be elucidated. Because ATP production by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation accounts for more than 90% of total oxygen consumption, we postulated that mitochondrial dysfunction results in organ failure, possibly due to nitric oxide, which is known to inhibit mitochondrial respiration in vitro and is produced in excess in sepsis. Methods: We did skeletal muscle biopsies on 25 septic patients within 24 h of admission to intensive care. The biopsy samples were analyzed for myosin heavy chains (MHC), isoform gene transcript levels using a real-time PCR technique, respiratory-chain activity and ATP production (complex V) using a real-time QPCR technique for mitochondrial enzyme gene transcript levels citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome C oxidase I-III, NADH and UCPs 2-3. Results: The gene transcription of myosin fiber types I, IIa and citrate synthase (complex V) was significant higher in skeletal muscle biopsy of septic survivors, and demonstrated lower insulin sensitivity using HOMA test. Severity of septic shock ( SAPS II) found to be higher in critically ill patients. Conclusion: In critically ill patients, we found an association between the type of myosin fiber and ATPase gene transcription and insulin resistance that relate to organ failure and eventual outcome. These data implicate bioenergetic failure as an important pathophysiological mechanism underlying multiple organ dysfunction.

Purpose: Beta-blockers show promise in the attenuation of ischemia reperfusion during cardiac surgery, however its role on injury during liver surgery is not known. Methods: This preclinical study evaluated the use of beta-blockers during induction of anesthesia in a swine model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (metoprolol and control groups). Results: A total of 28 animals were studied and no difference was observed between groups in biochemical markers sampled before and after liver ischemia and reperfusion. Conclusion: The use of beta-blockers does not have a clinical impact on attenuating liver ischemia reperfusion injury.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is assiocated with increased insulin resistance and an inexorable decline in β-cell function usually requiring intensive treatment to achieve and maintain glycemic control. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine (BASALOG®,BIOCON) as a basal regimen in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who are poorly controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and/or other insulins. Methods: This observational, study included 110 adult individuals with T2DM from PANACEA Hospital, Bengaluru. Baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ranged between 7.5% and 9.5% and for whom a basal regimen with insulin glargine was initiated. Two follow-up visits were scheduled at 12 and 24 weeks after initating the treatment. The primary outcome target was HbA1c < 7%. Safety was assessed by the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes. Results: The target HbA1c level of < 7% was reached by 16% of patients after 3 months of insulin glargine treatment and 36% after 6 months. Mean HbA1c decreased significantly from 9.25±1.07% at baseline to 7.46±0.92% at 6 months (P < 0.001). Mean fasting blood glucose also decreased significantly from 247.5 ± 55.6 mg/dL at baseline to 129.7 ± 38.1 mg/dL at 6 months (P < 0.001). Approximately 13.6% of patients reported at least one hypoglycemic episode. No adverse events other than hypoglycemia were seen. Conclusions: This study shows that in a realistic setting, a basal regimen with insulin glargine significantly improves glycemic control in patients with T2DM who are inadequately controlled with OADs or other insulin regimens, Hypoglycaemia incidence and rates were as similar during the early and continued treatment periods across all treatment combinations

The tribal population is identified as the aboriginal inhabitants of our country. According census of India 2011, Schedule tribes comprise 8.6% of the population. Nutritional status as reflected by anthropometric measurements are true indicators of a population’s health status. The objective of the present study was to know the current socio-economic status, determine the nutritional status based on BMI and different components of adult soliga tribes. The Study was conducted in four taluks of Chamarajanagar District. A sample of 1000 soliga tribal adult in the age between 18-40 years were included for the study. Structured questionnaire used for data collection on socio economic status, dietary habit, habitual practice, illness, anthropometric indices and Composition of fat, water (%), lean weight worked out. Chi-square test employed to know the significant variation in the measured composition between genders. Higher numbers of respondents (42.8%) were in the age group of 34-40 years. 54.0% were males and married (85.9%). Majority of them were illiterate and working as coolie. (87.9%) of them belong to nuclear families and found to be a norm among Soligas and majority of them were also non-vegetarian. It was evident that 42.3% of the respondents were in the habits of smoking and consuming alcohol. Respiratory infection, diarrhea, Dysentery and Skin allergy were significantly more prevalent among males while fevers urinary tract infections were significantly high among females. The number of underweight subjects were more among females (40.9%) than males (37.6%). The normal BMI values were found among (51.5%) of males compared to only 47.4% of the females. Regarding waist hip ratio the findings reveals that Normal observed considerably more among males (50.6%) than females (31.5%) indicating the difference between males and females fond to be highly significant (χ2 =32.94, p<0.01).The response on fat (%) and fat (kg) between males and females found to be highly significant (χ2 = 45.50 and χ2 = 18.43).The response on water (%) and water (liters’) between males and females found to be significant (χ2 = 56.09 and χ2 = 33.33). The data reveals that the difference between males and females on lean (%), lean weight (kg) and total weight (kg) found to be highly significant (p<0.01).

Potato Dextrose Agar is general purpose medium used for the cultivation of broad range of fungi. Use of commercially available culture media for research purpose is costly so cheap culture media needs to be formulated. The feasibility of developing alternative culture media for PDA was assessed using locally available cheap materials such as Vegetables and fruits wastes, as they contain considerable amount of carbohydrate, protein and macro elements. These wastes are easily available in local shops, vegetable markets and kitchen. Now a day’s waste disposal is also a major problem, so use of these nutrient rich waste materials for cultivation of fungi could be Good Avenue to look for. Waste such as Drumstick peel, seed; Cauliflower stalk, Potato peel, Fenugreek stem and orange peel was used to formulate media. Ability of media to support growth of Aspergillus and Trichoderma was tested. Elemental components of the media were determined. The medium had considerable protein and carbohydrate content. The pH of the media was adjusted to 4.0 ± 0.2 before sterilization. Growth on formulated media was comparable to commercially available media.

Mass reared trichogrammatid egg parasitoid species are deployed globally for augmentative biocontrol of many lepidopteran crop pests. In India, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii is being recommended for release against of many caterpillar pests, while T. japonicum with longer ovipositor is advocated against yellow stem borer in rice or top borer in sugarcane to reach the eggs which are covered by the moth scales. When these two Trichogrammatid species either co- occur in crop ecosystems or are released simultaneously in the same target crop , their relative progeny production will depend both on their innate fecundity and also the competitive ability of the females to parasitise the available host eggs in the same niche. In the first laboratory study, mated females of two species-T.chilonis and T.japonicum were kept, both alone (6:0 and 0:6) and together in ratios of 3:3, 5:1, 1:5, for oviposition on equal numbers of eggs of the factitious host, Corcyra cephalonica.. The progeny produced had more numbers of T.chilonis than T.japonicum across most ratios. The two species were which case the progeny production was greater when T.chilonis was allowed access first instead of T.japonicum first. successive, which confirmed that T.japonicum as both less fecund and less competitive for progeny production with Trichogramma chilonis.

Gender sensitization is the process of changing the stereotype mind set of men and women, a mindset that strongly believes that men and women are unequal entities and hence have to function in different socio- economic space. Women play an essential role in the management of natural resources, including soil, water, forests, energy and often have a profound traditional and contemporary knowledge of the natural world around them. Sustainable development strategies must aim to foster women’s empowerment and effective participation. The study revealed that in both rural and urban areas the medieval mindset and gender bias prevails in our society. Gender discrimination is an enormous problem in Indian society. Traditional patriarchal norms have placed women to secondary status within the household and workplace. Implementing curriculums on gender sensitization which will enable students to learn that gender roles are interchangeable and that they are free to choose what they want to become or do depending on their likes rather their biological make up.

A review of the hatchery operation covering three states of India revealed a very gloomy picture in regards to the sustenance of the prized species of India i.e., Catla, Rohu, Mrigal. An in-depth study of the hatchery indicates that the persons involved in hatchery operation are not only illiterate but are devoid of any scientific training for practices of such a novel technology in captivity. Due to improper dissemination, profit making approaches and greediness on the part of fish breeders and hatchery owner, the technology which was initially implemented for the production of quality seed productivity now became a curse in disguise. Mixed spawning indiscriminate hybridization and several other faulty practices, throughout the years, has resulted in several genetic consequences among the hatchery raised fishes. The consequences includes in breeding, genetic drift and retrogressive hybridization which resulted in the loss of certain economically important traits and resulted in the development of a variant type of fishes in the hatchery sector. If this trend continuous, certainly a different variety of carps will come up due to genetic drift and bottle necking and it will be difficult to rebound to the original species.

In this research paper 10 herbal slimming products were purchased from herbal medical stores and e-shopping were analyzed for the purpose of detection of adulterants. The branded and famous or non famous samples were selected for the study to determine the presence of sibutramine and fenfluramine and their analogs. After the examination it was found that out of the 10 samples, S3 (ketamine), S4 (methamphetamine), S5 (Methoxyetamine), S6 (Methoxyetamine), S7 (25I-NBOMe) and S8 (2CT-7) contained suspected adulterant, whereas S1, S2, S9 and S10 are free from any adulterants. The herbal slimming products contain adulterants which may be hazardous to human health. This type of formulation faults are important concern of medico-legal issues because people consuming it, may suffer fatalities due to the adulterations.

Health as well as diseases is dependent on various factors. As Acharyas had described that Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacarya are Triupstambha (three sub pillars), which support the body itself. Here Ahara has been placed first, which shows that it is most important to maintain and sustain the life. Man has always been interested in Ahara and the history of man to a large extent has been a struggle to obtain proper diet. Ahara supplies bio-energy to body. This bio-energy is supplied by proper and adequate nutrition in the form of its essential constituent’s viz. Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Minerals, Vitamins and Water. In Ayurveda, Ahara, as well as the method of its intake both have equal importance. Food plays a decisive role in development, sustenance, reproduction and termination of life. Through centuries, Food has been recognized as an important factor for human beings, in health and diseased state. Ahara is not only needed for the continuity of life, but also for Bala, Varna, Upacaya etc. In other medical sciences, food is considered important, but not the manner of eating. The Ahara Vidhi (Dietetics) is an ancient, empirical and elegant art; it is the heritage of Indian culture that can be clearly observed in Ayurvedic views.

Exposure to arsenic in individuals has been found to be associated with immune related problems via oxidative stress and inflammation. In earlier studies, we have demonstrated that amla protects against arsenic induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in thymus and spleen of mice. In continuation to that the present study has therefore been focused to investigate the protective efficacy of amla in arsenic induced elevated concentrations of serum matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-2 and -9 and their associations with high risk of cardiovascular diseases in mice. Arsenic treatment in mice, significantly increased mmp-2 (2.16 fold, p<0.001) and mmp-9 (1.45fold, p<0.01) level as compared to controls. No significant changes were found in control as well as amla alone group. While co-treatment with arsenic and amla significantly decreases mmp-2(0.65 fold, p<0.01) and mmp-9 (0.81fold, p<0.05) level as compared to arsenic alone group. The study results underscore the protective effects of amla in arsenic induced serum up regulation of mmp-2 and mmp-9 level as a high risk of cardiovascular disease, the fruit extract of amla balance the mmps level due to hypolipidemic and cardioprotective nature.

Lead (Pb) is a potential heavy metal of Group IV B of the periodic table which is soft, malleable metal having bluish white colour. Besides having its useful properties, it causes the reproductive abnormality in male Swiss mice. Testis is the important organ of reproductive failure caused by the accumulation of lead that develops reactive oxygen species that results oxidative stress in the tissues of organism. In the present study, 0.2% of lead acetate in drinking water was given to the mother from the first day of pregnancy and was continued up to lactation phase. At the end of lactation phase, the male pups were separated and after attaining sexual maturity at 9-10 weeks of age, the male pups were sacrificed and the testes were processed for the estimation of various biochemical parameters. Exposed animals showed significantly decrease in the level of antioxidant enzymes like catalase and peroxidase, decreased sperm count and markedly increased rates of sperm abnormality. Oxidative stress was measured in terms of malonicdialdehyde content of lipids. However, antioxidant vitamins like vitamin C, vitamin E and its combined action i.e. Vitamin (E+C) to the lead-induced mice groups could ameliorate the oxidative stress by declining lipid per-oxidation, increasing the level of catalase and peroxidase, increase in sperm count and reduce sperm abnormality.

The water samples were collected from Jurala Dam situated on Krishna river at. The present paper deals with the taxonomic enumeration of 10 taxa belonging to 3 genera namely –Nitzschia, Amphora and Cymbella which were investigated from Jurala Reservoir in Mahabubnagar district Telangana.

Generation mean analysis was carried out to study nature and magnitude of gene effects for yield, its component and fatty acid compositions in a cross of sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) The parents with their F1, F2, B1 and B2 were evaluated in replicated trail for ten quantitative and four qualitative traits. The analysis showed that scales A, B and C were highly significant for all the traits, indicating the predominance of non-allelic interactions or epistasis of Additive x Additive (i) and Dominance x Dominance (l) for almost all the characters in the cross. Predominance of non-additive (dominance) gene action was prevailed in the expression of seed yield/ plant, its components and fatty acid compositions with duplicate type of epistasis in the cross investigated. Hence, selection should be delayed until virtual homozygosity is attained to achieve the improvement in these traits.

Since grain yield is a complex trait, controlled by non-additive gene action and is believed to have low heritability, hence direct selection for grain yield per se is often not reliable and effective. Further intergenotypic competition and a large experimental error associated with yield measurements often bias the outcome of selection for higher yield. Therefore, several workers in different crop plants have emphasized the importance of indirect selection for yield through the use of component traits governed by genes with additive effect and with strong correlation on grain yield. As no single trait could be taken as an adequate criterion of selection for yield, therefore, selection indices provide a useful method by making use of several correlated traits for greater efficiency of selection in yield. Selection indices study revealed that the thirteen character index was superior over the direct selection for yield per se. On the basis of thirteen character selection index promising genotypes namely MTU110, RTN28-1-5-3-2, CB12186, NP3003, WGL-821, RGL7011, R1130-80-1-52-1, GNV-14-25, CR3511-3-2-2-5-1, BPT2675, NLR3337, RGL7012, BPT2595, NLR3350, RP5947-123-6-2-1-1-B, AD12074, MLR3313 and RP5949-122-2-5-1-1 may be used for future breeding programme. It was interesting to note that the relative rankings of varieties selected on the basis of per se performance and index score differed indicating the importance of selection index over direct selection on grain yield.

The present study was carried out to characterize seventy five farmers’ varieties of rice using twenty nine agro-morphological characters following DUS guide lines during Rabi 2012. A majority of varieties found to possess green basal leaf sheath colour (70), medium pubescence of leaf blade (38), presence of auricles (72) with light purple colour (66), split shape (74) and light purple (65) colour of ligule, semi erect attitude at early (39) and late (44) stages of flag leaf, late time of heading (39), absence of anthocyanin colouration of lemma apex (50) and stem nodes (64), white colour (57) of stigma, medium stem length (43), medium length (43) and semi-straight curvature (50) of panicle main axis (49), medium density of pubescence (35) and white colour tip (33) of lemma, absence (42) and tip only distribution (23) and yellowish white colour (22) of awns, semi erect attitude (48) and well exserted (34) panicle, straw colour sterile lemma (69), medium 1000 grain weight (38) and decorticated grain length (44), narrow decorticated grain width (75), short slender decorticated grain shape (60), white colour decorticated grain (33) and absence of decorticated grain aroma. This study will be useful for breeders, researchers and farmers to identify and choose the restoration and conservation of beneficial genes for crop improvement and also to seek protection under Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Rights Act.

Wireless networks are very popular nowadays. Wi-Fi® is a system of wirelessly connecting devices that use radio waves, allowing for connection between devices without the expense of cumbersome cables or without needing them to be facing one another. Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity® and is used to define the wireless technology in the IEEE802.11b standard. It operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz radio spectrum, uses direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) for modulation, supports variable data rates up to 11 Mbps, and has a range of about 50 meters. Wireless technology provides us much profit like portability and flexibility, increased productivity, and lower installation costs. Nowadays, communications through mobiles, computers, laptops, wireless networking technologies have extended to a great level. This does a maximum coverage all over the world. Security issues have also been crossed a level in Wi-Fi network because of the unauthorized users and the Wi-Fi hackers. So to implement the feasible Security WEP, WPA has been proposed in this paper to overcome the feasible security problems. These both protocols are generally used to encrypt the current data and information, so that the unauthorized and hackers cannot be able to decrypt the data and hack the Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks. Many accessories can be connected with the Wireless Fidelity network with the help the Access Point (AP).

Pectin was extracted by a modified McGready (1996) method from Sinensis, Aurantifolia and Limon species of citrus and then precipitated by 95% acetone. Furthermore, the obtained pectin was qualitatively and quantitatively characterized to compare certain physical and chemical properties. Obtained results indicated that the three species have the same colour, brown and are insoluble in both cold water and cold alkali but soluble at elevated temperature. The equivalent weight in mg/mL was found to be 1849.62, 1388.89 and 1720.20 for C sinensis, C aurantifolia and C limon respectively, while the % methoxyl content determined gave the value of 4.19, 5.60 and 4.51% in the same order. The percentage moisture content obtained from the 3 fruits was 60.53, 59.80 and 78.00%, for C sinensis, C aurantifolia and C limon respectively. The percentage yields of the pectin on wet basis are 35.44, 36.48 and 30.09% while on dry basis were 3.74, 3.85 and 4.97%, in the same order with C limon having the highest percentage yield of pectin on dry basis. The pH determinations for the pectins were found to be C sinensis 4.3, C aurantifolia 4.9 and C limon 5.0.

The manufacture of borosilicate micropipettes is a process based on the heating of a glass tube through a flame or electrical resistance associated with a longitudinal traction of the tube. The heating of the glass makes it malleable which causes it to suffer a linear deformation and consequent reduction of the cross section, allowing the production of micropipettes of internal diameters tip (ID), less than 10m. borosilicate micropipettes are used in various applications to inject micro-fluids or substances into microstructures. They are used in experiments that involve great precision and rigor and use microscopic amounts of substances notably in Analytical Chemistry and Microbiology. In Microbiology it can be used in IVF (In Vitro Fertilization), i.e., fertilization of the ovum occurs outside the female organism. Particularly in this area, the use of these devices has a high cost due to the high degree of precision and control of the internal dimensions of the part of the micropipettes that encounters the structures, in the specific case the ovule. In this case, the end of the micro capillary (tip or needle) must have rather small dimensions of the order of micrometers. The regular cost of each of these micropipettes is in the range of US$ 25.00 to US$ 30.00, which is a factor that costs the cost of the medical procedure highlighted. Aiming to reduce the burden of this operation, a process of manufacturing borosilicate micropipettes with the above characteristics was developed, at a maximum cost of US $ 0.17, that is, almost two hundred times smaller than the initial cost of a known micropipette. In this article, we will make a brief reference of the manufacturing process and the preliminary results achieved.

ICT training plays an important factor in 21st-century instruction. Basic computer training provides a pedestal on which employees can build new skills on the job. With an ICTs particular computer, the internet and related engineering sciences are becoming more and more ubiquitous. One of the most commonly cited reasons for using ICTs in the classroom is to nurture a favorable learning environment. Technological literacy, or the ability to use ICTs effectively and efficiently, is thus seen as representing a competitive edge in an increasingly globalizing job market. However, this study examined the respondents’ perception of the Computer literacy Enhancement Program conducted by the IT faculty unit. Data were gathered through survey questionnaire and interpreted frequency count and mean percentages. The result shows apositive response from the participants of the training were a satisfactory impact was rated in the demeanor of the CLEP training. The CLEP training was beneficial to the respondents in making teaching-learning materials, reports and computing grades.

In this present mobile world where people find no boundary for this valuable devices ranging from banking, e-ticketing, entertainment, social contact, Internet etc. This valuable technology becomes the fundamental needs in the fast changing 21 century. But most importantly technology where we put all the valuable information, data of our life has limited backup battery. Our paper Mobile to mobile wireless power transfer aim to wipe out this limitation by giving another feature of charging through the matrix of air from mobile to mobile. In this paper the transfer of electric energy or power over a distance without the use of wires, here the energy to be transferred safely coupled resonators are used through transmitter and receiver Tesla coil. Coupled resonators are two objects of the same resonant frequency that exchange energy efficiently without much leakage. Minimizing energy leakage is very important because the goal is to have much energy as possible be transferred from one object to another. For tomorrow transfer of energy from one mobile to another will give wider vista of battery backup flexibility whenever we go for whatsoever we required for our information in real-time situation.

Gears are vital components of any automobiles, power generation systems and in heavy machinery industries, they need to have good fatigue properties such as fatigue life, endurance limit and fatigue strength for better life and performance of the equipment or machinery. The objective of this study is comparative simulation on zero-based cyclic loading conditions in the fatigue life analysis on general gear materials, and concludes which suits for the better purpose of usage. The Finite Element Method (FEM) has been performed, using ANSYS Workbench 16.2, on the gear models to observe the distribution of stress and life. Comparison was done between Structure steel, Chromium molybdenum Alloy Steel 4130, GG 20 and GG 40. The FEM results of stresses were compared with theoretical results from American Gear Manufacturing Association (AGMA) contact and bending stresses and Hertz contact stress equations. Fatigue life equation derived based on Goodman line theory was used to estimate the minimum gear life using S-N characteristic diagram and FEM for validation purpose. The comparison showed that there is an accepted agreement between the theoretical and FEM results especially in the trend of variation. There is some deviation between the results which may need more effort and modification to decrease this deviation.

Six Sigma's intend is to purge ravage and incompetence,in that way escalating customer satisfaction as a result of distributing what the customer is anticipating,in the end enhance quality. Six Sigma is a exceedingly obedienced route that aids to spotlight on expanding and distributing quality products and services. Six Sigma is a records obsessed tactic, and entails exact records assortment for the routes being evaluated. Six Sigma is as regards placing outcomes on Financial statements. Six Sigma chases a madeup tactic, and has delineated positions for the partakers. Six Sigma is a commerce obsessed, multidimensional madeup loom for perking up routing, lesser defects,tumbling route variability, plummeting costs,escalating customer satisfaction, enlarged profits. If you can evaluate how many defects are obtainable, It can methodically make out how to purge them and dig up as close to zero defects as possible or towering quality products and explicitly it ways a malfunction rate of 3. 4 components per million.

Fiber optics and cloud computing growth has taken all the attention of various communities like researches, student, business, consumer and government organization. Big data is the main reason for coming of cloud computing in the show, everyday lots of data in the size of PETA bytes are uploaded in the digital world which required lots of storage and computing resources. Fiber optics and cloud Computing is a marketing term which is also known as utility computing delivers the service as software and proper hardware, platform and infrastructure as a service in pay-as-you-go model to consumers has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software with fiber optics networking even more attractive as a service.

This concept of restriction on the power supplied to a device is known as AC power control. AC power control allows us to efficiently use the available power for various applications. There are two types of AC power control: ON-OFF control or pulse skipping modulation control and phase angle control. In on-off control, the load is connected to the AC supply for short interval of time and the AC supply is switched off for some interval. A fast switching device like a thyristor is used to connect and disconnect the load to the AC power supply. In phase method, the load is connected to the AC supply for a specific period of both the half cycles. Firing angle control based AC power control is designed here which is a type of phase angle control. The circuit regulates the AC power supplied to any load like an electric bulb, motor, amplifier etc.

Question document is the science that deals with suspicious and questionable documents including forgeries in handwriting, addition, obliterations in currency notes, cheques etc. on encountering such cases suspecting of a certain type of forgery, on examination it was seen that there were alterations in various number series of notes. Thus case study was performed to know how alteration can be detected.

Job satisfaction is different from motivation and morale. Motivation refers to the willingness to work. Satisfaction on the other hand, implies a positive emotional state. Morale implies a general attitude towards work and working environment. It is a group phenomenon whereas job satisfaction is an individual feeling. The survey was made regarding the job satisfaction among lower level employees in KLF will facilitate and enable the management to know the perception and inner feelings regarding the job they are performing on day to day basis. The term “job satisfaction” reveals and focuses on the likes and dislikes of employees of KLF. This study tries to identify the causes for satisfaction among the employees in KLF.

The purpose of the study was to assess the practices of instructional supervision in supplementing teaching-learning process in secondary schools of Qersa and Omo Neda woreda of Jimma zone. It particularly treats issues of how instructional supervision is practiced in improving the holistic teaching learning process, how instructional supervisors render professional support to teachers to enhance classroom instruction, and what challenges are there in practicing instructional supervision in think of promoting the provision of quality education. To accomplish this purpose, the study employed a descriptive survey method, which is supplemented by quantitative and qualitative research method to enrich data. The study was carried out in two secondary schools of the two woreda which comprises -58 teachers, 31 internal school supervisors (2 principals 2 vice principals, 12 department heads and 15 senior teachers) and 2 woreda supervisors who included in the study purposively. Questionnaire and interview was the main instrument utilized during data collection. Descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage for part and narration for qualitative were employed to analyze the data. Finally, the results of the study revealed that the practices of instructional supervision in supplementing holistic teaching learning in the woreda were ineffective and suffered with many challenges like lack of adequate knowledge among supervisors, shortage of resources for support, low top management attention and the like. Therefore, it is recommended that the woreda would be able to enhance the supervisory activities in considering its importance in assuring quality education by arranging training, improving resource allocation for supervision work and give due attention for the issue in order to alleviate the problem.

The objective of this reserach was to explore the socio-cultural context that underlying the defense of poor fishermen in Tanjung Tiram Village North Moramo District of South Konawe Regency. This research used qualitative approach that showed the poor fishermen were not in a vacuum world, but they were in a social habitat with full of values and norms that made as a reference to do an action. The socio-cultural context includes the economic resources aspect, the cultural aspect, and the structural aspect that gave feature toward thepoor fishermen’s defense. The cconomic resources aspect was about the ownership and control of limited production tools, low education and skills, and also the condition of coastal natural resources around the village that wasdeclining. The cultural aspect was about habitual and lifestyle of fishermen society which highly depend on natural condition, values in going to the sea which put togetherness and harmony of nature rather than the encouragement of success in economic and life orientation of fishermen society who prioritized the safety than looking for benefit. The structural aspect was about an imbalance of economic access which gave rise the feature of vertical relationship between poor and wealthy fishermen, exploitative patron-client relationship, and some inadequate government policies. The socio-cultural context of fishermen with all various aspects gave the feature to the social practices of fishermen who were more reactive as a consequence of helplessness. This condition producedthe structure which more suppressing and debilitating than giving opportunities or empowering fishermen.

Coronary spasm is one of the mechanisms of myocardial infarction with non fixed organic stenosis of epicardial coronary arteries. Right ventricular ischemia with High-degree AV block and coronary spasm have been reported together rarely in medical literature. This is a case of a 57-year-old man; Admitted to emergency for chest pain, ECG showed third degree atrioventricular block with ST segment elevation in inferior and right derivations, coronary angiography with methergine test revealed an ostial spasm of the right coronary from, rapidly regressive after an intracoronary injection of isosorbide dinitrate.

In this paper, a parametric mixture model of two identical distributions is proposed to analyze heterogeneous survival data. Mixtures of Exponential-Exponential, Weibull-Weibull, Gamma-Gamma, Lognormal-Lognormal and Gompertz-Gompertz distributions were tested for the best fit to the simulated datasets as well as real survival datasets. Various properties of the proposed mixture models were discussed. The Expectation Maximization Algorithm (EM) is implemented to estimate the maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of mixture models. Simulations were performed by simulating data, each randomly sampled from a population of two component parametric mixture model of identical distributions and the simulations has been repeated 500, 1000, 5000 times with samples of size 100 observations for each mixture model to investigate the consistency and stability of the EM algorithm. The repetitions of the simulation give estimators closer and closer to the postulated models, as the number of repetitions increases with relatively small standard errors. Model performances are compared using goodness of fit tests and Akaike's information criterion(AIC). Results revealed that the proposed model fits the real data better than the pure classical survival models corresponding to each component.

Diabetes continues to cause a great economic loss every year. With commercially available synthetic drugs having serious adverse events, traditional source of drugs like plants continue to play a significant role in search for a safer and effective treatment. In this study, the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of leaves and flowers of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis (HRS) are compared along with a standard drug, metformin. Diabetes was induced using Alloxan in Wistar Albino Male rats and were divided into 4 group respectively. Rats were treated separately with the extracts and standard drug with blood glucose monitoring at regular intervals for 21 days. Ethanolic extract of flowers is more effective then ethanolic extract of leaves with neither of them developing hypoglycemia which was observed with metformin treatment.

Present study deals with the medicinal plants and their utilization by the villagers of Doon Valley. Attempts were made for collection of medicinal plants in different seasons. 115 herbaceous plant species belonging to 95 genera and 40 families were collected from the Barkot forest in Doon Valley. Villagers were consulted to find the utilization pattern of medicinal plants. Documentation of traditional knowledge from the elder villagers of Doon Valley is of utmost necessity. Conservation protocol needs to be developed for the medicinal plants of Doon Valley as they are under various anthropogenic pressures.

Infertility is a global proportions affecting on an average 10 -15% of couples worldwide. Low sperm count (Oligozoospermia), low motility (Asthenozoospermia) and morphological deformities (Teratozoospermia) of sperms are the main causative factor of male infertility and it is correlated with Shukragata Vata. There is no satisfactory treatment in modern medicine for these conditions. Ayurveda is the better option for these conditions. In this article we are focusing on the management of the Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia through Ayurveda.

Diabetes continues to cause a great economic loss every year. With commercially available synthetic drugs having serious adverse events, traditional source of drugs like plants continue to play a significant role in search for a safer and effective treatment. In this study, the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of leaves and flowers of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis (HRS) are compared along with a standard drug, metformin. Diabetes was induced using Alloxan in Wistar Albino Male rats and were divided into 4 group respectively. Rats were treated separately with the extracts and standard drug with blood glucose monitoring at regular intervals for 21 days. Ethanolic extract of flowers is more effective then ethanolic extract of leaves with neither of them developing hypoglycemia which was observed with metformin treatment.

With increasing information, lot amount of data is stored in relational databases in organized manner. Structured query language (SQL) is primarily used for extracting information from a relational database and allows us to manage and access process on database. But this is insufficient as not all users are accustomed to write SQL queries if the user question is in Natural language (NL). Hence there is a need to develop a system where non-sophisticated users can access data freely without going into technicality by asking question in Natural language. This paper focuses on creating semantic analyzer for automatic Question-answering system for domain specific database. It provides user with the relevant answers to the user questions using Natural Language processing (NLP) and Natural language interface for database (NLIDB). NLIDB are the systems that translate a natural language sentence into a database query. It contains the stepwise description on conversion of question to simple SQL query without using any clauses. It portrays completely automatic, reliable, fast way to query a database. Hence, Natural language processing techniques applied on English text is converted to SQL query using series of steps like lowercase conversion, tokenization, chunking, generation of SQL query and mapping the query to the database.