Table of Contents: Volume 16; Issue 12; December 2024

The ichthyofauna, being all the fish of a watercourse, constitutes in particular a source of protein at reduced cost and of income for the riparian populations. However, human activities are becoming increasingly threatening to fish. The consequences of intensive catches, the use of chemical substances in agriculture, the destruction of forests and the introduction of new species of fish strongly disturb aquatic ecosystems and pose real threats of extinction to many species of fish. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of human activities on the fish species of the Makona River in the urban commune of Gueckédou and to propose corrective measures for an effective and sustainable management of resources. the following methodology was adopted: (1-Field survey, 2-Identification of wharves, 3-Inventory of human activities, 4-Inventory of ichthyofauna., 5- Identification of physical parameters, 6- Mapping of the study section of the river, 7- Evaluation of the impact of activities, 8- Proposals of corrective measures for sustainable management of resources. The freshwater ecosystems of Gueckédou are undergoing profound modifications by anthropogenic activities.

In order to improve scientific knowledge on this technology to promote its use, we conducted an experimental study of the metal pressure cooker insulated with kapok wool, a biodegradable plant fiber, to determine the energy performance. The equipment allows to finish cooking meals only thanks to the heat stored at the beginning of cooking and to keep the cooked dishes warm for long hours. The experiments carried out on energy savings when cooking some local dishes cooked only in water revealed about 70% savings in butane gas for cooking cowpea and white rice, 38% for cooking oily rice, 75% for pasta and couscous and 30% for cooking potato stew. The average cooking energy saving is around 39%. Finally, we completed these results with a technical, economic and environmental study that showed that a restaurant that adopted a pressure cooker had recouped its investment after only 7 months and made net profits of 131,818 CFA francs during the first year of use. If we consider all the restaurateurs in the city of Ouagadougou, the energy savings made would save approximately 12,691 hectares of forest/year and avoid importing nearly 2,824 tons of butane gas each year. These results demonstrate that this technology can help minimize energy consumption in the restaurant sector.

Introduction: Urological endometriosis is rare and accounts for approximately 1% of women with endometriosis. The pathophysiology of bladder endometriosis may be divided into two different causes, namely primary and secondary. The primary form occurs spontaneously and manifests in a form of a generalized pelvic disease whereas the secondary form is thought to be iatrogenic and typically occurs after pelvic surgery such as Cesarean section or hysterectomy Case presentation: A middle-aged woman with complaints of cyclical episodes of lower abdominal pain associated with menstrual periods over 8 months. The complaints started after one month post lower segment caesarean section. The patient was further evaluated using MRI of the abdomen and pelvis which revealed endometriotic scar extending from the abdominal wall as a linear tract and then extending towards the uterus and also involving the dome of the bladder. The patient then underwent diagnostic Hysteroscopy with Dilatation and curettage along with Diagnostic Cystoscopy with transurethral resection biopsy of the mass. Histopathological examination revealed evidence of endometriosis. Patient underwent Exploratory Laparotomy with Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingectomy with partial cystectomy with abdominal wall resection to remove the entire endometriotic tissue along with Abdominal wall reconstruction using Prolene mesh for abdominal wall closure. Postoperative course involved a wound gape without infection of the underlying mesh which was managed with regular dressing followed by secondary suturing of the wound. Patient has been on regular follow up for the last one year with no recurrence of complaints. Conclusion: Bladder endometriosis can often mimic pelvic malignancy resulting in radical surgeries. They can be a rare complication of a previous Cesarean section. More data is needed to determine the relationship of Cesarean scar niche in bladder endometriosis.

Background: Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that are enclosed in a matrix of exopolymers, contributing to chronic and recurring infections, particularly in indwelling medical devices such as urinary catheters, and have developed resistance to numerous antimicrobial drugs. Biofilms plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), which in turn responsible for 40% of health care associated infections. Objective: The objective was to identify biofilm using phenotypic methods in urinary catheter isolates and compare these methods to choose a sensitive method with good reproducibility. Method: A total of 55 culture positive urinary isolates were identified by standard microbiological methods from 126 hospitalized patients catheterized for more than 48 hours and subjected to biofilm detection by phenotypic methods such as Tissue Culture Plate (TCP), Congo Red Agar (CR) and Tube Adherence (TA) method. Results: Out of 55, 15 (27.2%) showed biofilm formation by TCP method. Maximum biofilm production was seen in Escherichia coli (49%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.2%). CR detected biofilm production in 45.4%, TA in 34.5% and TCP in 27.2% isolates. CR and TA methods were compared to TCP, as it is considered gold standard method and they both demonstrated a sensitivity of 86.6% and specificity of 65% and 72.5% respectively. Conclusion: TCP is a quantitative and reliable method for detection of biofilm with good reproducibility.Detection of biofilms can be recommended for chronic and recurrent infections before institution of empirical antibiotics especially in resource limited settings to effectively prevent health care associated infections.

Introduction: Pathologies in relation to hip joint is very common clinical problem, which requires imaging studies in addition, for which MRI is generally advised. This imaging modality is commonly used due to its excellent soft tissue contrast, multiplanar imaging capabilities with high spatial resolution. It provides excellent details of soft tissue, ligaments, cartilage, joint fluid, extraarticular soft tissues and osseous structures. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Agartala Government Medical College and GB Pant Hospital, Agartala, Tripura. A total of 65 consecutive patients were included in the study after obtaining a consent. Result: Out of total 65 cases, 45 were male (69.2%) and rest 20 (30.8%) were female. Age of patients ranged from 5 to 70 years. Maximum numbers of patients were in the age group of 21-30 years (21 cases – 32.3%). AVN was the most common pathology detected comprising 26 cases (40%). Osteoarthritis was second most common abnormality, detected in 10 (15.4 %) cases. Neoplastic lesions were seen in 6 cases (9.23 %). Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the optimal approach for identifying hip pathologies due to its high resolution, improved tissue contrast differentiation, and multiplanar imaging capabilities.

This article explores the problem of violence in the school environment and examines the contribution of Physical and Sports Education (PSE) to its prevention, focusing particularly on the Senegalese context. It aims to shed light on how PE, as perceived by teachers, goes beyond its formal role of teaching sports practices to become an educational discipline that fosters the acquisition of social reference values and the promotion of a peaceful school climate. The study targeted PE teachers in Dakar-Plateau high schools, chosen for their role and expertise in the education system. A purposive sample of 30 teachers was selected. A survey questionnaire and a semi-directive interview guide were used to collect data, which were then processed using SPSS and NVivo software for in-depth statistical and qualitative analysis. The results reveal that the causes of violence in schools include inadequate family education, overcrowded classrooms, sometimes lax application of sanctions and authoritarian attitudes adopted by some teachers. Suggested preventive strategies include activities favoring wellbeing, inclusive management and the integration of social rules of reference into PE sessions. Ultimately, the study indicates that this discipline, through its educational and social dimensions, constitutes an important tool in the prevention of school violence, by promoting appropriate behavior and reinforcing social cohesion within the school.

Physical education is a compulsory subject in middle and secondary schools. Its teaching still faces a number of difficulties, particularly where team sports are concerned. The problem of teaching team sports is analyzed here using the example of basketball as the subject of study, using a methodology based on surveys of teachers and observation of PE sessions. The results of the field survey reveal that the teaching of team sports in general and basketball in particular is faced with a number of problems, including the lack of teaching aids, which is not conducive to the smooth running of the teaching-learning process, and overcrowding, which affects the quality of pupil supervision, inadequate timetabling in the context of large classes, the pedagogical problem posed by the non- existence or poor condition of sports facilities, the thorny issue of assessment and the shortage of teachers to meet the needs of the field.

Depuis 2013, l’organisation du pèlerinage au Burkina Faso est assurée par les agences de voyage agréés et coordonnée par le ministère en charge des questions religieuses. Chaque année, ces différentes structures font des efforts pour fournir des services de qualité aux pèlerins. Malgré ces efforts, de nombreuses plaintes sont exprimées par ces derniers. Uneétude a été menée pour documenter ces plaintes. Elle a eu pour objectif principal d’évaluer l’organisation du pèlerinage en examinant le niveau de satisfaction des pèlerins de l’édition 2023sur les différents aspects du déroulement de ce 5e pilier de l’islam. Après une revue documentaire, un questionnaire et des guides d’entretiens ont été élaborés pour collecter les données auprès des pèlerins, des responsables d’agences de voyages et des membres du Comité national de suivi du pèlerinage. Les résultats font ressortir des insuffisances dans la quasi-totalité des composantes de l’organisation du pèlerinage 2023. L’étude révèle que près du quart des pèlerins (24,5%) n’est pas satisfait de l’organisation du hajj 2023. Les aspects de l’organisation les plus importants à améliorer sont entre autres l’enregistrement des pèlerins sur la plateforme et l’octroi de visa, la vaccination, la formation, l’hébergement, le transport interne, l’encadrement, l’hygiène et la restauration à Mina.