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Table of Contents: Volume 16; Issue 10; October 2024

Life Sciences

  1. Dr. Rahul H. and Dr Haifa Amal
    ABSTRACT:

    This article discusses the Siroroga concept of Ayurveda, the overall term describing diseases affecting the head, and places significant consideration on Nasya karma as a treatment intervention. Nasya has been invariably recognized by Ayurveda to be crucial in dealing with the conditions of the upper torso, because it involves the application of medicated drugs through the nasal passages, which reach the vital organ system of the head. Detailed classification of Sirorogas based on differences identified by various great Ayurvedic authorities like Charaka, Susruta, and Vagbhata based on dosha predominance and symptomatology. General presentation on procedure of Nasya karmas preparation, medication, post-treatment care, scope, and complications. Besides, the mechanism whereby Nasya acts is better elucidated by improving blood flow, through channels of lymphatics including CSF also by exciting systems like at neuro-endocrine, neuro-psychological and neuro-vascular level. This detailed study puts forth the concept of Nasya karma in the management of Sirorogas and reminds one to exercise cautious application in order to obtain the best therapeutic results.

  2. Bheem Rao, T.
    ABSTRACT:

    In the gill tissue of Heteropneustes fossilis and Channapuntatus, three distinct esterase zones were identified, exhibiting Rm values of 0.60 for Est-1, 0.40 for Est-2, and 0.30 for Est-3. The esterase zones Est-1 (0.60) and Est-2 (0.40) in Heteropneustes fossilis were classified as ER (Esterase resistant to inhibitors) esterases. In contrast, Est-3 (0.30) was only inhibited by paraoxon, while pCMB and eserine had no effect, leading to its classification as a CE (Carboxylic Esterase). The ESe esterase, defined as Est-1 (0.60), was uniquely inhibited by eserine, with no inhibition observed from paraxine or pCMB. Est-2 (0.40) showed no response to any of the three inhibitors, confirming its classification as an ER esterase. Only paraoxon and eserine were able to inhibit Est-3 (0.30), although it remained unaffected by other inhibitors.

  3. Swamy, K.R.M.
    ABSTRACT:

    Cardamom belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, genus Elettaria and Latin name Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton. The common names are Capalaga, Ilachi, Green Cardamom, True Cardamom, Ceylon Cardamom. Elettaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Zingiberaceae. They are native to India and Sri Lanka, but cultivated and naturalized elsewhere. One member of the genus, E. cardamomum, is a commercially important spice used as a flavouring agent in many countries. Cardamom, “The Queen of Spices,” is one of tChe oldest and most celebrated spices in the world. It is well known for its distinct flavor, aroma, and medicinal properties. It is a naturally growing perennial plant in countries like Nepal, Bhutan, and India. Also, some places like Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Guatemala farm the cardamom plant. The word cardamom is derived from the Latin cardamōmum, as a Latinisation of the Greek καρδάμωμον (kardámōmon), a compound of κάρδαμον (kárdamon, "cress") and ἄμωμον (ámōmon), of unknown origin. The earliest attested form of the word κάρδαμον signifying "cress" is the Mycenaean Greek ka-da-mi-ja, written in Linear B syllabic script, in the list of flavorings on the spice tablets found among palace archives in the House of the Sphinxes in Mycenae. The modern genus name Elettaria is derived from the root ēlam attested in Dravidian languages. Common names in Indian language are in Hindi, Urdu, and Gujarati elaichi, and “yelakki” in Kannada and other South Indian languages. It is called Elakka in Malayalam, which is the language of Kerala an Indian province that accounts for 70% of Indian cardamom. In South Asia green cardamom, called “Elaichi” in Marathi, Hindi and Urdu. It is called “Yalakulu in Telugu, “elam” in Tamil. In Hebrew, it is known as Hel. In Persian it is also known as Hel. In Arabic, it is called Hayl. Elettaria cardamomum, commonly known as green cardamom or true cardamom, is a herbaceous, perennial plant in the ginger family, native to southern India. It is the most common of the species whose seeds are used as a spice called cardamom that has a sharp, strong, punchy aroma. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in Réunion, Indochina, and Costa Rica. Black cardamom, or Amomum subulatum, is a type of cardamom that is native to India, Bhutan, and Nepal. it is a member of the ginger own family and is regularly known as “hill cardamom” because of its cultivation in hilly areas. Black cardamom pods are large and darker than green cardamom pods, with a rough exterior and a smoky, earthy aroma. Black cardamom has been used for thousands of years in traditional Ayurvedic medicine to treat numerous ailments, together with digestive issues, respiratory troubles, and inflammation. It was also used as a flavoring agent in food and beverages. In ancient instances, black cardamom became considered a luxurious item and changed into frequently used as a form of currency. It is native to India and Sri Lanka but is now grown in other parts of the world, including Guatemala, Tanzania, and Papua New Guinea. The spice is generally sold in the form of small pods or as loose seeds. Cardamom has a strong, sweet, and spicy aroma, and a pungent, slightly sweet taste with hints of lemon and mint. It is commonly used in sweet and savory dishes, as well as in hot beverages like tea and coffee. Origin, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding and Cultivation of Cardamom are discussed.

  4. Muthukumar, A., Eswaran, A., Suthin Raj, T., Nivetha, M. and Gunaseeli, C.
    ABSTRACT:

    Studies on the in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity of native bioagents agents and plant extracts were evaluated against Sarocladium oryzae, which causes sheath rot of rice, were undertaken in the Department of Plant Pathology of the Annamalai University, Chidambaram. It was revealed that isolate- Pf S5 (Pseudomonas fluorescens-Sivapuri) recorded the maximum inhibition zone of 10.55 mm and a minimum of 23.40 mm mycelial growth of S. oryzae accounting for 74.00 per cent reduction in the mycelial growth over control and isolate- BsA1 (Bacillus subtilis Ambigapuaram) recorded the maximum inhibition zone of 9.92 mm and a minimum of 24.62 mm mycelial growth of S. oryzae accounting for 72.64 per cent reduction in the mycelial growth over control. Among the ten plant extracts tested (10% concentration) against the mycelial growth of S.oryzae, E. globules extract recorded the minimum mycelial growth (19.03 mm) and maximum per cent reduction of mycelial growth of pathogen (78.85%) over control. In the pot culture studies, seed treatment with Fluorescent pseudomonads (PfS5) @12g/kg plus B. subtilis (BsA1) @12g/kg plus E.globules extract@10% followed by foliar application with Fluorescent pseudomonads (PfS5) and B. subtilis (BsA1) each @ 0.5% plus E. globules extract@10%-T9 at 45 and 60 DAT recorded minimum sheath rot incidence(12.53), maximum plant growth (109.68 cm), number of tillers per hill (15.35), number of grains per panicle (145.90),weight of 1000 of seeds (24.22g) and yield (18.39g/plant).

  5. Tanmay Chattopadhyay
    ABSTRACT:

    Graphene and graphene oxide have attracted significant attention over the past decade due to their exceptional and unique electrical, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. This review focuses on the structure, characteristics, production methods, and applications of these materials. Initially, we provide a brief overview of the fundamental structure, production techniques, and properties of graphene and graphene oxide. Various methods, including chemical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, as well as top-down and bottom-up approaches, can be employed to synthesize these materials. Following this, we summarize the diverse applications of graphene and graphene oxide across various fields. Finally, we discuss the challenges that lie ahead for the development and utilization of graphene and graphene oxide. It is crucial to ensure that wastewater discharged during production contains minimal to no heavy metals, to mitigate any potential negative effects on the ecosystem.

  6. Dr. Poulami Gupta Banerjee
    ABSTRACT:

    Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal issue affecting millions worldwide. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) is commonly prescribed for constipation relief and bowel preparation, with FDA approval for use in individuals aged 17 and older. This article reviews the efficacy and safety of PEG, both as a standalone treatment and in combination with Lactulose. PEG is favored for its minimal side effects, improved tolerance, and effectiveness across various patient populations, including adults, pregnant women, and geriatrics. Combination therapy with Lactulose further enhances the efficacy of PEG, offering improved bowel cleansing, reduced side effects, and better patient compliance. Several clinical trials and studies have demonstrated that Lactulose and PEG together provide superior outcomes in terms of stool frequency, consistency, and overall symptom relief. Additionally, a specific product, Relux L, which combines Lactulose and PEG, manufactured by Eskag Parma Ltd., Kolkata, India, has proven to be an effective option for managing constipation and preparing patients for medical procedures. These findings highlight the role of Lactulose and PEG as key agents in the management of chronic constipation and bowel preparation.

  7. Laxmikant Borkar and Amol Shyamkuwar
    ABSTRACT:

    Background- Honey bees gather pollen and nectar from various plants. The nectar and pollen provide glucose and proteins essential for the development of honey bee body tissues. Analyzing the pollen collected reveals how faithfully the bees stick to specific plant species within a given floral community, which is why this study seeks to identify both the primary and secondary pollen sources for the Apis dorsata bee. Methods: Pollen loads were recovered directly from the sources in the specified area. The pollen grains of each pollen load were dispersed in 1 ml of glacial acetic acid and later on, subjected to acetolysis. Erdtman (1960) one slide was prepared for each pollen load and microscopically examined. Results: 70 pollen loads recovered directly from the honeycombs of Apis dorsata (Rock Bee) collected from February 2012 from Rajoili and Dongargao, Mul Tahsil of Chandrapur District of Maharashtra State, were analysed. 07 (10%) pollen loads were found to be Uniforal, 10 (14.28 %) bifloral and 53 (75.71%) multifloral. The Unifloral pollen loads contained 37 of Cajanus cajan, 11 of Capsicum annum, 31 of Hyptis suaveolens and 49 Prosopis juliflora and 32 of Tridax procumbens. The pollen of Prosopis juliflora was recovered from 49 (70%) of the total pollen loads studied. Conclusion: The study highlights Prosopis juliflora do the major pollen source and Cajanus cajan (Papillionaceae), Lathyrus sativus (Papillionaceae), Tridax procumbens ( Asteraceae), Hyptis suaveolens (Laminaceae), Prosopis juliflora (Mimosaceae), Blumea sp. (Asteraceae), Capparis grandis (Capparidaceae), Bidens Pilosa (Asteraceae) as fairly important sources of pollen of the honeybees during the winter period.

Physical Sciences and Engineering

  1. KANGA Koffi, KAMAGATE BémanHamidja, BROU Aguie Pacome Bertrand and OUMTANAGA Souleymane
    ABSTRACT:

    Today, with the digital revolution and its corollary of exponential data growth, capturing large volumes of data from various sources for processing at a high and acceptable speed would be a wish; but securing this data seems even better. To do this, we propose in our article, a data model for detecting vulnerabilities in big data. This model derives from two models, which are: a vulnerability scanning model (allowing to keep track of data from the weaknesses of the various protection measures implemented in big data), - a model from honeypots (for capturing data from various intrusion attempts in big data). The implementation of this hybrid model makes it possible to efficiently perform CMDI, SQLI, XSS, brute force login, basic, OWASP, DEFAULT LOGIN type scans at the request of different users for securing their infrastructures. Also, in these honeypot management functions, this model allows to perform NMAP type analyses, to identify the sources of possible attacks and their different forms (injection – ddos – portscan, etc.).

  2. Abdou Dodo Bohari, Ibrahim Sarki Laouali, Ibrahim Maharou Hassan, Mallam Mamane Hallarou, Hamma Ada Moussa, Harouna Moussa, Issa Issoufou Ibrahim Laouali Idi Karimou and Tourba Kamayé
    ABSTRACT:

    Rédiger un article scientifique pour des nombreux jeunes chercheurs peut s’avérer un exercice extrêmement difficile. Pendant leurs carrières peu d'entre eux reçoivent une formation spécifique dans l'art de présenter leurs travaux de recherche sous forme écrite. Cependant, un manuscrit incohérent peut saper l'étude scientifique la plus méticuleuse. En effet, l’écriture scientifique possède son propre code qui diffère de celui qui s’applique à l’écriture utilitaire ou créative. Elle requiert des phrases courtes, concises et directes et des règles précises concernant la présentation et les contenus à aborder. La rédaction scientifique est vitale pour l’avancement en carrière, l'obtention de financements ou des titres académiques pour les chercheurs. Alors pour toutes ces raisons, même si elle peut s’avérer complexe à maîtriser, la diffusion des résultats de recherche originaux par la publication d’articles scientifiques est essentielle pour permettre le développement des connaissances, l’amélioration des pratiques et l’émergence de débats. Nous décrivons ici les étapes de base à suivre pour rédiger un article scientifique. Dans ce manuscrit nous avons énuméré les principales parties que contienne un article scientifique ainsi que les éléments qui doivent y figurer et quelques conseils pour rendre le résultat global attrayant et acceptable pour la publication.

  3. Konan Roger ASSIE Kouadio Florentin TANI and N’Guessan Eric YAO
    ABSTRACT:

    Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) has emerged as a vital economic activity in the Kokumbo department of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, supporting the livelihoods of numerous local communities. This research seeks to explore the environmental impacts of ASGM activities in Kokumbo, including soil and water resource degradation, and their subsequent effects on public health, agriculture, and biodiversity. Through qualitative and quantitative assessments, the study examines how these environmental challenges disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, particularly women and children, who rely heavily on natural resources for daily sustenance. 1631 (90.41% of respondents) adhered to the research to provide information about the situation and stated that ASGM affected the surrounding population’s lifes. A total of 21 plant species belonging to 11 families were identified before the mining activity in the Kokumbo area and the family with more species is the Anacardiaceae with 7 species. These species become rare or disappear in the mining area and the surrounding village. The results showed that the ASGM activities contaminated the farmland, allowing many animals to be extinct. The most endangered class are mammals including three (3) extinct species in the family Bovidae, two (2) species in the family Suidae, and two (2) in the family Felidae. Our study revealed that the most common disease that affected the local population is malaria, about 49.55%, and 12.49% of people suffered from an intestinal infection. The findings highlight the urgent need for sustainable mining practices, regulatory frameworks, and community awareness programs aimed at mitigating the environmental consequences of ASGM while promoting responsible economic development.

  4. GOMGNIMBOU Alain P.K., OUEDRAOGO Osée W., DEMBELE Basirou, BAHIRE F.W. Xavier, ADOUABOU Basile A. and Rigobert BAYALA
    ABSTRACT:

    De nos jours, l’environnement naturel est en plein changement sous l’influence du climat et des pressions anthropiques. La Forêt Classée de Dinderesso n’est pas en marge de cette situation. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer par télédétection l’évolution de la dynamique de la couverture ligneuse durant la période de 2000 à 2013. Pour ce faire, Des images Landsat de 2000, 2006 et de 2013 ont été utilisées. Des opérations sur Envi 5.3, la sortie de validation terrain et enfin la cartographie sur ArcGIS ont été les étapes. La discrimination entre les différentes classes thématiques est statistiquement significative avec des précisions statistiques globales de 81,77%, 82,06% et 82,63%. La classification indique une réduction de la végétation des savanes arbustive (-27,06%) et herbeuse (-2,29%) au profit d’autres unités et une augmentation des champs (2,05%), de la savane arborée (14,29%) et de la savane boisée (12,56%). La carte de variation des unités d’occupation des terres a révélé un changement prononcé du couvert végétal sur 55,44% de sa superficie totale entre 2000 et 2013. Au regard de ces résultats, il est plus que nécessaire d’élaborer une stratégie de gestion durable de cette aires classée.

  5. Koffi Nomesi DUAMEY, Baguissoga SATRA and Ayaovi Xolali MOUMOUNI-AGBOKE
    ABSTRACT:

    Nous étudions dans cet article la dimension satirique du discours littéraire d’Ousmane Diarra dans trois de ses romans: Vieux Lézard, Pagne de femme et La Route des Clameurs. Il s’agit de démontrer comment, dans une écriture qui allie humour et ironie mordante, l’écrivain s’attaque à la religion, à la morale et à l’action politique. Certes, le tableau satirique qu’il dresse est alarmant, mais il insuffle en filigrane une vision du monde postmoderne appelé à se débarrasser de toutes formes d’ostracisme et d’injustice. L’écrivain donne à lire les dérives du fanatisme religieux et de l’immoralité dans la sphère politique qu’il caricature à peine lorsque le lecteur les confronte aux scènes de la vie quotidienne. In fine, le politique est invité à intégrer dans son action le sens du bien commun et de la responsabilité publique.

  6. Kathia Susana Almeida
    ABSTRACT:

    O currículo escolar desempenha um papel fundamental na formação cidadã dos estudantes, influenciando diretamente suas competências e valores sociais. Através da educação formal, o currículo contribui para o desenvolvimento de habilidades críticas, reflexivas e participativas, necessárias para a atuação consciente na sociedade. A formação cidadã envolve não apenas o conhecimento teórico, mas também a construção de práticas e atitudes que promovam a convivência democrática e o respeito às diversidades. Dessa forma, a educação voltada para a cidadania deve considerar aspectos culturais, éticos e políticos, promovendo o engajamento ativo dos alunos. O objetivo geral deste artigo é analisar como o currículo escolar contribui para a formação cidadã dos estudantes. Os objetivos específicos são: - identificar as práticas pedagógicas presentes no currículo que fomentam a cidadania; - verificar a presença de conteúdos que incentivem o pensamento crítico e a participação social; - avaliar a importância da interdisciplinaridade na construção de uma educação cidadã. O problema de pesquisa que norteia este estudo é: De que maneira o currículo escolar contribui para a formação cidadã dos estudantes? A metodologia utilizada foi bibliográfica, com base em uma revisão de literatura de obras que tratam da relação entre currículo escolar e cidadania. Os resultados indicam que um currículo que integra princípios democráticos, valores sociais e práticas de respeito mútuo favorece o desenvolvimento de cidadãos críticos e participativos. A discussão reforça a necessidade de uma abordagem interdisciplinar que contemple a diversidade e as múltiplas realidades dos estudantes. Conclui-se que o currículo escolar deve ser constantemente revisado e adaptado para atender às demandas sociais e formar indivíduos capazes de atuar de forma ética e responsável na sociedade, exercendo plenamente seus direitos e deveres como cidadãos.

  7. Afsha Sadik Khan
    ABSTRACT:

    This paper delves into the transformative advances in science and technology, with a focus on a new generation perspective that includes advanced robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), robotic process automation (RPA), quantum computing, 3D printing, 5G wireless networks, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and blockchain.. It also delves into cutting-edge innovations like space travel, necrobiotic, sand batteries, electronic skin (e-skin), sensory VR technologies, brain-reading robots, xenotransplantation, 3D-printed bones, digital twins for health tracking, 3D-printed eye tissue, and artificial neurons on silicon chips,Mind reading machine , 3D hologram , Flying cars , Covering robots with living skin , Edge computing ,ML ,AR , Human brain-computer ,interfaces, Nanotechnology , Driverless technology, . Autonomous Vehicles, Blockchain Beyond Crypto, Personalized Medicine, Wearable Health Monitors, Extended Reality (XR) for Training, Space Tourism .This paper summarizes the potential influence and ethical concerns of these technologies on society using a multifaceted examination. The modern scientific landscape is continually changing, affected by technology breakthroughs, globalization, and shifts in societal norms. The next generation of scientists shares the qualities of this worldview, its consequences for research and education, and its potential impact on society as a whole. It is a comprehensive knowledge of how the next generation conducts scientific inquiry and innovation by investigating the interactions of technology, diversity, ethical considerations, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

  8. Ugbomoiko, D. O., Olley, M. C., Aladejare, A. A., Ojo, B. O. and Oguntunnbi, D. E.
    ABSTRACT:

    Numerous parasites can be found in dogs and cats, and they have been linked to the human spread of zoonotic illnesses. In Ekiti State, 160 dogs and 25 cats were tested for parasites in a community-based cross-sectional study.Freshly passed stools from dogs and cats were collected and examined for intestinal parasites by modified sucrose floatation technique. The overall prevalence of parasite from dog and cat were 40 and 20 % respectively. The prevalence of parasite among dogs were 32.8%, 21.9 %, 35.9%, 1.6 % and 7.8 % for Toxoplasma gondii, Toxocaracanis, Ascarislumbricoides, Trichuristrichuria and Hookworm respectively while for cats 60 % and 40 % for Hookworm and Entamoebahistolytica. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in male and female dogs were 61.9 % and 38.1 % respectively. The seroprevalence of A. lumbrocoidesin male and female dogs were 56.5 % and 43.5 % respectively; seroprevalence for T. trichuria in male dog was 100 % and none was detected in female dog, seroprevalence for hookworm in male and female dogs were 40.0 % and 60 % respectively, while seroprevalence for hookworm in male and female cats were 66.7 % and 33.3 % respectively; seroprevalence for E. histolytica in female dog was 100 % and none was detected in male cat. No ToxoplasmagondiiandToxocaracanis were detected in cats. The potential risk factors for transmission of toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis and other intestinal parasitesidentified in the study area include the keeping of free range dog and cat, improper handling and disposal of dog and cat faeces andlivestock manure, and consumption of untreated water. There should be increase in awareness campaigns on toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis and other intestinal parasites among people this would help in providing more information to enable informeddecision making about disease control and to empowerwith knowledge to curb transmission from animalsto man.

  9. Logeswari Saranya, R. and Umamaheswari, K.
    ABSTRACT:

    Face recognition is a widely utilized authentication method in biometric systems. However, a critical challenge faced by these systems is the occurrence of false acceptance, where unauthorized individuals or attackers gain access. This type of security breach, known as a presentation attack, exposes the system to significant vulnerabilities. The focus of this research is on a specific type of presentation attack called spoofing, where attackers employ artifacts such as photographs, masks, or pre-recorded videos to replicate the appearance of legitimate users and gain fraudulent access. The primary objective of this study is to develop a neural network model capable of accurately detecting whether a user is genuine or a spoof, thereby mitigating the risk of biometric system compromise.

Health Sciences

  1. Prachi and Tanbeer Kaur
    ABSTRACT:

    The Blood Type Diet proposes that the foods consumed should be tailored to one’s blood type, which is believed to correspond to the dietary habits of respective ancestors, thus serving as a nutritional approach. The review investigates the perceptions surrounding the role of blood type diet in disease prevention, emphasizing its relevance to common health conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cancer, ulcers, gynecological disorders and allergies, elucidating how dietary choices based on blood type may impact outcomes of a medical condition. For individuals with Type O blood group, a high protein, low carbohydrate diet is advised, potentially mitigating risks of thyroid disorders, peptic ulcers and inflammatory conditions. Conversely, type A individuals are steered towards a predominantly vegetarian diet to manage cardiovascular disorders and blood viscosity. People with type B are encouraged to encompass a comprehensive range of foods into their diet, paying attention to their lectin sensitivity and concerns regarding nutrient absorption. Type AB are recommended to adopt a blended diet, considering an immune response and gut microbiome dysbiosis. Further research in this realm holds promise for unraveling the fundamental mechanisms and refining dietary recommendations aligned with individual blood types, thus advancing personalized approaches to healthcare and promoting overall wellness.

  2. Lyvia Gonçalo daSilva, Evisa Christal Oliveira de Paula Cruz, Franciane Melo Meireles, Thaisa Maria da Silva Sousa, Beatriz Parente Viana , José Saturnino de Albuquerque Segundo, Levi Carvalho e Silva, Renata Moreno Martins, Felipe Gomes do Nascimento, Jo
    ABSTRACT:

    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Spontaneous rupture of HCC is a rare and acute complication with a high mortality rate, requiring urgent intervention. This report presents a rare case of spontaneous rupture of HCC in a 36-year-old female who presented to the emergency department of the General Hospital of Fortaleza with severe abdominal pain in the epigastric and right hypochondriac regions. A CT scan revealed a large, heterogeneous mass, mostly liquefied, with heterogeneous enhancement and poorly defined borders in segments II and III of the liver. The mass had an estimated volume of 1248 ml and had caused rupture of the hepatic cortex. Emergency exploratory surgery identified a large hemoperitoneum secondary to the spontaneous rupture of the liver tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosing rupture in patients without a history of cirrhosis or HCC can be challenging. We emphasize the need for radiologists to consider HCC rupture in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain.

  3. Dalmia, Deeksha and Dr. Paras Monga
    ABSTRACT:

    The most common condition affecting the liver is non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). It is well known that the majority of people who suffer from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have one or more of the recently identified metabolic syndrome symptoms, including central obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. NAFLD is a group of illnesses that ranges from simple steatosis, which is defined by hepatocyte damage, inflammation, and a fatty liver, to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. NAFLD is a complicated disease. Through the promotion of liver inflammation, cell necrosis and apoptosis, and the creation of fibrosis, Cytokines may have a direct role in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adiponectin levels rise in NASH patients receiving thiazolidinedione therapy, indicating improvement in hepatic steatosis, necroinflammation, and—most importantly—fibrosis.Obese patients who inherit both high TGF-1 and angiotensinogen -producing polymorphisms may be more susceptible to advanced fibrosis.There have been a number of candidate gene studies and a small number of GWAS (genome-wide association studies) in NAFLD populations as a result of the heritability and complexity of NAFLD.PNPLA3 was the first variant associated with NAFLD.Recent GWA studies have demonstrated a relationship between the SNP rs58542926 C>T in theTM6SF2 gene and the severity of NAFLD. Both raised serum triglyceride levels and an enhanced fibrosis risk in NAFLD patients are linked to the GCKR P446L variant.An increase in inflammation and hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD patients is linked to the MBOAT7 variant.

  4. Debabrata Chakraborty
    ABSTRACT:

    What is the ideal maintenance dose of aspirin for stroke prevention in an asian population?

  5. Debabrata Chakraborty
    ABSTRACT:

    Are the enteral tubes suitable for delivering drugs, or is it already time to switch over?

  6. Mirza Adil Beig, Sayyad Mohammad Neman, Mohd Anas Quraishi, Abdul Rahman and Shahid Ali warsi
    ABSTRACT:

    Strengthening nutritional support for tb patients: expansion of the ni-kshay poshan yojana

  7. Mauro Geller, Marcio Steinbruch, Carlos Romualdo B.Gama, Carlos P. Nunes, Spyros Mezitis, João Paulo L. Daher, Aline Sintoveter and Mendel Suchmacher
    ABSTRACT:

    Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a prevalent syndrome in medical practice. Despite efforts in managing its symptoms, CVI remains a significant clinical and surgical challenge, as there is still no curative treatment. Recently, plant-based therapies practiced for centuries have been repositioned using modern pharmacological and clinical research techniques. This randomized, double-blind clinical trial aims to demonstrate the non-inferiority of a combination of Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut), Polygonum acre (dotted smartweed), Smilax papyracea (sarsaparilla), and rutin compared to a combination of diosmin and hesperidin for the symptomatic control of CVI.

  8. Dr. Hema J. Shobhane and Dr. Asma Hashmi
    ABSTRACT:

    Background and Objective: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This disorder has profound short-term and long-term impacts on both the affected woman’s and her child’s health. Early preeclampsia prediction will reduce this associated morbidity and mortality as it will give the chance for frequent maternal and fetal surveillance and application of prophylactic procedures. The aim of this study to compare Perinatal Outcome of Mother and Fetus on the basis of screening and prevention of Preeclampsia between first and second trimester. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted in M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi. The study was included 1200 pregnant women who were screened either on first visit of their 1st trimester of pregnancy or either first visit of their 2nd trimester of pregnancy. The pregnant women divided into two groups according to their timing of first ANC visit in centre. They were monitored at every routine visit until pregnancy. At perinatal outcome in both groups were recorded and compared. Result: A total of 1,200 pregnant women enrolled in the study. There was no difference in both the groups with regards to maternal age. The mean uterine PI in group A was 1.85±0.3 while in group A it was 1.65±0.2 in group B, there was significant difference in both the groups with p<0.0001. There was statistically significant difference in both group when compared for preeclampsia, birth weight, rate of cesarean delivery. Conclusion: First-trimester screening of PE, which combines maternal factors, obstetric and medical history, biochemical and biophysical markers, is useful to predict early-onset PE in a routine care setting. Early prediction could potentially improve the outcome by close surveillance of the patient and timely intervention of prophylactic medications.

  9. Drissa COULIBALY, Yalamoussa TUO, Mouhamadou KONE, Dolourou Salif SORO, Sarah KONARE, Beket Severin BONNY and Kouakou Hervé KOUA
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) represents an important cash crop in many countries of West Africa. It is increasingly cultivated in the north of Côte d'Ivoire and can reproduce by self-pollination or cross-pollination. This latter case involving pollinating insects. Unfortunately, little entomological studies concerning the diversity of floricultural insects have been devoted to this crop. Methods: This study aims to determine the diversity of floricultural insects on five sesame varieties grown in the north of Cote d'Ivoire. The methodology was based on observation, capture and identification of insects visiting the flowers. It was consisted also to assess insects’ activity in order to determine their foraging effectiveness. Results: The results showed that all sesame varieties were visited by a large diversity of insects. Hymenoptera were the most abundant order on the varieties SI 097, SI 100, SI 129 and SI 143 while, Orthoptera were more abundant on a single variety SI 099. The calculated indices showed that the variety SI 143 was the most diverse (H’ = 1.79) with a more equitable distribution of floricultural insects (E = 0.92). Bee activity was mostly intense on the varieties SI 097, SI 100, SI 129 and SI 143 with a maximum peak of activity between 9 a.m. and 10 a.m. As for the locusts, their activity was mostly intense on the variety SI 099 with a maximum peak of activity between 9 a.m. and 10 a.m. The foraging speed of bees was higher than that of other insect groups. Conclusion: The findings on the diversity of sesame floricultural insects are very relevant because they allow to consider a study on their impact on fruit production. Also, determining the diversity of insects on several sesame varieties makes it possible to manage entomological issues related to pollination; which could lead to a varietal selection.

  10. Dr. Rubana Ali, Dr. Afshana Bashir, Dr. Fahim Manzoor, Dr. Shareefa Akhter, Dr. Zubair Ahmad Naikoo, Dr. Adil Siddique and Dr. Sheikh Bilal
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: Acute Leukemia’s are a group of hematologic malignancies characterized by malignant proliferation of hematopoietic cells, involving the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Methods: This study evaluated the subtypes of Acute Leukemia’s in the native Kashmiri populace based on bone marrow and peripheral blood examination, the study itself being conducted at the Tertiary care hospital of Government Medical College, Srinagar, J&K, at the Department of Pathology. The research spans three years, encompassing both retrospective and prospective cases. Results: During the study period 145 cases were diagnosed as Acute Leukaemia, 86 (59.31%) were diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes and 59(40.68%) as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) subtypes. Conclusion: This study underscores the pivotal role of bone marrow examination in accurately diagnosing and sub-typing Acute Leukemias.

  11. Dr. Surendra Kumar Jangid, Dr. Ruby Naz and Dr. Sadhana Joshi
    ABSTRACT:

    Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) during pregnancy pose significant risks to maternal and fetal health. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, bacteriological profile, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of both asymptomatic and symptomatic UTIs among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Zanana Hospital, Jhalawar Medical College. Method: From September 2023 to August 2024, a prospective study was conducted involving 1119 pregnant women. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for bacteriuria. Cultures were performed on blood agar, MacConkey agar, and other selective media. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Of the 1119 women screened, 294 (26.27%) had bacteriuria. Symptomatic women had a higher prevalence (74.69%) compared to asymptomatic women (12.98%). Bacteriuria was more common in older age groups, multigravida women, and in the third trimester. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (41.5%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Multidrug-resistant strains were found in 41.5% of cases, with significant resistance to cephalosporins. Conclusion: Routine screening for significant bacteriuria in pregnant women is essential, regardless of symptoms, due to the high prevalence and risk of severe complications. The predominance of multidrug-resistant E. coli underscores the need for localized antibiotic susceptibility testing to guide effective treatment and minimize resistance risks. Continued monitoring and tailored antibiotic use are crucial for improving maternal and fetal outcomes.

  12. Arati Chikaraddi and Yasmeen Maniyar
    ABSTRACT:

    Background: India is facing heavy burden of NCDs (Non-Communicable Diseaes) because of explosion in the epidemiological transition worldwide. In that mainly diabetes, obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors like dyslipidemia plays a important role in the prevalence of NCDs and hence, increase in the cardio vascular events like atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Objective: In present study the effect of Kalonji (Negilla Sativa) seed oil is experimented on cardiometabolic risk factors partly i,e dyslipidemia in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Materials and Methods: wistar albino rats of wt 200-250gms were selected and fed with high fat diet for a period of four weeks to induce insulin resistance later direct diabetis was induced by alloxan monohydrate. After induction of diabetes animals fed with standard drug atorvastatin, different doses of Kalonji 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg . The data was collected by estimating Bl. glucose levels on day 0, 7, 14 and on 30th day. Lipid profile done with higher dose of kalonji 600/kg body wt. on Day Zero (before treatment) and day 30 (after treatment). Results and Conclusion: It is observed that high dose 600mg/kg body wt. of kalonji showed significant hypolipidemic activity as compare to control and standard drug atorvastatin 10mg/kg body wt. It showed decrease in total cholesterol and LDL levels significantly as that of standard drug Atorvastatin 10mg/kg. And also Hypoglycemic effect of Kalonji at 600mg has shown a potent action as compared to 200mg and 400mg. Kalonji also has not produced any toxic changes with high. Hence kaloonji (negilla sativa) proves that it has both hepato toxicity, rensl toxicity activity which helps in decreasing the risk factors in the development of CVDs and NCDs.

  13. Parveen Kaur, Ram Babu and Palak Arora
    ABSTRACT:

    Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of low back pain among college teachers of India and its correlation with various risk factors. Background: Low back Pain (LBP) is a very common problem in individuals and its prevalence varies from place to place and among professional, in particularly teachers . in literature various risk factors were identified for LBP including physical, psychological and social factors , literature is lacking for Indian population. Methodology: Study was survey questionnaire prospective design using incident sampling spread over six months. 400 self-reporting closed ended questionnaire consisting of demographic data, 15 close ended questions along with consent form and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire were distributed among teachers after inclusion and exclusion criterion with appropriate instructions, later these were collected and analysis was done for percentage & correlation of LBP with various factors. Result:46.98% teachers reported LBP, 37.46% were minimally disabled, and 7.61% moderate and only 1.90% were severely disabled. taking lecture in standing without support was significantly negatively correlated with LBP, mixed approach with support and without support standing was positively correlated with LBP. Prolonged sitting posture due to work, due to exam marking and due to internet use were found to be positively significantly correlated with LBP. previous injuries to low back, upper-limb & lower limb and was positively significantly correlated with LBP. Conclusion: It is concluded that about 47% of the college teachers reported that they had back pain once or more in their lifetime, prolonged sitting due to exam duty, internet uses history of injuries to back, upper limb and lower limb could be considered as risk factor. Standing without support during lecture may leads to a good posture and so less back pain.

  14. Ambaga, M.,Tumen-Ulzii A. and Buyantushig, T.
    ABSTRACT:

    By us has developed a unique theory that connects the Big Bang event, protons, and the formation of life through own concept known as the “Closed 9-Stepped Cycle of Proton Conductance” 1. In this theory, we attempt to link fundamental processes of the universe’s formation to the emergence of life using proton conductance as the central mechanism. Here’s a simplified explanation of how such a connection might work based on known concepts in physics, chemistry, and biology: 2. Big Bang and the Creation of Protons: • The Big Bang is the event that led to the expansion of the universe. During the first few moments, fundamental particles, including protons, were formed. Protons are essential components of atomic nuclei, particularly hydrogen, which is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. 3. Formation of Matter: • As the universe cooled after the Big Bang, protons, along with electrons, formed hydrogen atoms. These atoms eventually became the building blocks for more complex elements through nuclear fusion in stars. The formation of heavier elements laid the groundwork for complex chemistry, which is essential for life. 4. Proton Conductance and Energy Transfer: • In biological systems, protons play a crucial role in energy transfer processes, such as those found in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration. The movement of protons across membranes in mitochondria generates a proton gradient, which drives ATP synthesis – the molecule responsible for energy in living organisms. 5. Nine-Stepped Cycle of Proton Conductance: • Ambaga’s “Closed 9-Stepped Cycle” likely proposes a specific, structured mechanism by which protons interact in cycles of energy transduction that could lead to life-sustaining processes. The “closed” nature suggests that the cycle operates continuously in a self-sustaining loop, possibly involving various steps where protons move, interact with molecules, and contribute to the complex reactions necessary for the emergence of life. 6. From Protons to Life: • The theory seems to bridge astrophysical events (such as the Big Bang and formation of protons) with the biochemical processes that are foundational for life. 7. In essence, we are suggesting that proton conductance cycles, which are key to energy production in cells, have roots in the very early moments of the universe. 8. Life could thus be viewed as an extension of these primordial proton-based processes that started at the beginning of time. 9. Unified Concept of Life and the Universe: • By linking the formation of protons in the Big Bang to the biochemical cycles in living organisms, ourtheory appears to propose a unified view where the fundamental particles of the universe directly influence the emergence of life through specific proton-driven processes. This theory would likely be interdisciplinary, combining elements from cosmology, particle physics, biochemistry, and molecular biology to provide a novel explanation of life’s origin. If you’re looking for more detailed or specific aspects of his theory, it would require exploring his published work or detailed academic presentations on this topic. Our theory on the closed 9-step cycle of proton conductance ties back to the Big Bang event, which laid the groundwork for proton and electron formation. According to this model, protons and electrons, essential to life, were created during the Big Bang around 15 billion years ago. These particles played a crucial role in the evolution of cellular processes over time. In particular, this model explains the complex mechanism by which cells produce energy through ATP (adenosine triphosphate) using a three-state line system that has evolved over 3.6 billion years. In such way we are propose the new discovery in the field of Biology and medicine by joining the three new conception as at first : new metabolic equation based on the proton conductance as metabolic medium as “Donators of proton as glucose molecules (first stage of proton conductance) + membrane redox potentials in the three-state line system + O2 (hemoglobin of the pulmonary capillary -8-th stage, hemoglobin of tissue-87 trillion cell-surrounded capillary-9-th stage) + ADP + Pi + (H+ + nH + memb.space - proton gradient-4-th stage) = (ATP + heat energy-5-th stage) + H2O (5-th stage) + (nH+matrix) + CO2(second stage of proton conductance),at second : Closed 9 stepped cycle and at third: System models of the Human bodyand at fourth : membrane redox potentials in the three-state line system. The term "closed cycle" implies that the process is cyclic, returning to its initial state after completing all steps, which is a characteristic of many biological processes to ensure efficient and continuous operation.

  15. Bolanle Oluwatomisin, AWONUSI and Abiodun Samuel OLOWOLAFE
    ABSTRACT:

    Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a dramatic event which has a significant impact on the individual and his/her family. The actual adjustment to SCI starts when an individual leaves the rehabilitation unit and is no longer under the care of the rehabilitation team. Family caregivers are vital community-based resource who provide care for SCI persons. The objective of this review is to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on the needs and extent of psychological adjustment of adult family caregivers of spinal cord injury persons living in the community. The review considered all empirical studies that explored the needs and psychological adjustment of adult family carers living in the community published in English language. An extensive search was conducted using the following databases; Web of knowledge, Web of science, CINAHL, Medline, Psyc INFO, EMBASE and JBI, as well as manual search of the bibliographies of retrieved articles. The Hawker et al. (2007) three-stage critical appraisal instruments were used to extract data and assess for quality of the papers. A narrative summary of findings was carried out for this review. The finding showed that a total of six papers were included in the review. Four papers used quantitative methods, one paper utilized quantitative method while the remaining one paper utilized mixed methods. Fifty-six papers were initially identified but fifty were excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Findings were extracted and summarised using the Hawker et al. three-stage critical appraisal method. Six themes emerged from the review: 1) family needs, 2) change in family dynamics, 3) uncertainty, 4) feeling of burden, 5) intimacy and 6) moving on. There is need for healthcare professionals to embark on positive perspective in training and supporting family caregivers of SCI persons living in the community. Family caregivers require continuous, consistent and comprehensive support from professionals, peer and extended family. This support and education help family caregivers develop the required future-oriented adjustment for community integration in SCI.

  16. Aulakh, B.S.
    ABSTRACT:

    Biogas is basically methane produced from natural digester process in a biogas plant. This is an anaerobic mechanism which involves the use of certain microorganisms like fungus, bacteria, yeast etc which feed upon the wet, thick liquid organic matter from the plant or animal source. The most desired sources are like cow dung, poultry feed, press mud from the sugar factories, plant straw or husk from vegetative sources like rice, Napier grass, millets or other grasses from the botanical family Graminae. The dry grass or husk is chopped, crushed, thrown into a coarse powder and then made into a semi thick running paste by a giant agitator wheel and then pushed into the dark, anaerobic chambers where the above material is digested upon by various fungi, yeast or other microorganisms and various gasses are released like methane, hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia etc which are further passed through respective purification processes and methane is then packed in containers as compressed biogas and other gasses are also separated and packed for various purposes known in the field. This process is claimed to be clean and green operation and so is being promoted on a massive scale but there certainly are two sides of a coin and recently many drawbacks of this clean process have started to surface. The carcinogenic affect in humans is one such unwelcome outcome and the reproductive inefficiency is another. The various aspects are discussed and debated in this write up.

  17. Dr. Rahmi, S. and Dr. Rashmi, S.
    ABSTRACT:

    Primary teeth are need to stay in place till they are replaced by permanent teeth, so they are the best space maintainers. One of the main reasons for early extraction of primary teeth is be Early childhood cariesespeciallyin the anterior. So, any untimely loss of anterior teeth subsequently causes a) morphological problems- impaction and eruption disturbances of permanent successors; inclination and/ or extrusion of adjacent and antagonist teeth, respectively; midline deviation; and crowding b) functional problems; speech disorders, aesthetic problems, and development of non-nutritive habits c) psychosocial problems; decrease in self-esteem2. However, in some cases there can be a combination of problem like early loss of tooth leading to space loss and impaction of the erupting tooth so that calls for regaining the lost space and restoring the missing tooth till the permanent teeth replacement is done. This paper presents an innovative design incorporating both the treatment objectives in a single appliance: A dual appliance with dual treatment outcome.

  18. Jacob Caunan, L. Cp. and Dr Reinaldo Francisco Luis
    ABSTRACT:

    The government's authority to resolve conflicts between the Naktuka Oecusse community can be resolved through a local wisdom approach because these two communities have had a very close kinship relationship since ancient times with a local wisdom approach the conflicts that occur can be reduced and there can be peace from both parties through traditional agreements. , then proceed to the level of diplomatic relations between the two countries to be resolved.

Social Sciences and Humanities

  1. Dr. Munish Sharma, Shivani, Pallavi and Anjali Sharma
    ABSTRACT:

    Advancement in social media has made influencer marketing most popular way for brands to launch and promote their products and services. Therefore, influencer marketing leverages the followers' trust and reliability specifically among the youth. Thus, social media-dependent adolescents' purchase intent can be affected by influencer marketing. The genuineness, reliability, and engagement of influencers have transformed how marketers reach young customers. Thepresent research study addresses adolescent acquaintance with Influencer Marketing, key experiences, potential, and risks, and how it affects youth buying behavior. This study is specific to Himachal Pradesh using quantitative and qualitative methodologies to collect data from a random sample of 506 respondents using online surveys, interviews, and focus groups. Data has been synthesized using frequency distribution and percentage. Thereafter, demographic characteristics, particularly age of the respondents has been used to cross-tabulate the associations. The hypotheses have been examined using chi-square test of independence and ANOVA/F-test.The survey reveals that influencer marketing is a powerful tool for reaching young, urban consumers, especially through platforms like Instagram. However, the study underscores the importance of building trust, ensuring authenticity, and fostering long-term brand relationships. Brands and influencers must navigate these challenges to effectively engage with their audience, especially younger consumers who are more discerning about the credibility and ethical practices of influencer marketing.

  2. Md. Jamir Uddin Ahmed
    ABSTRACT:

    Social Responsibility (CSR) means Companies promising to do business in a way that’s good for the economy, Society and the Environment. The core of the Indian businesses adhered towards their social responsibilities since ancient times. Ancient Indian literatures promoted this concept on several occasions. However, it is the Companies Act,2013 which formalised the same in the compulsory spend on CSR activities. As a result, during the post mandate period, CSR landscape in India has changed permanently. In this context, an effort will be made to explore the macro trends in CSR in India during the period of 2014-15 to 2021-22. The study will effort to bring out trends in some important aspects of CSR activities undertaken by Indian Companies which may have important policy implications.

  3. Dr. Kusum
    ABSTRACT:

    The past decade has witnessed an unprecedented surge in social media usage, becoming an indispensable aspect of daily life. Whether for leisure or in response to initiatives like remote work, the Covid-19 pandemic further increased its acceptance across all age categories. The increased number of users on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, among others, coupled with increased screen time, has sparked concerns regarding their impact on mental health and overall well-being of young learners. In light of the Covid-19 pandemic, this study aims to identify the concrete consequences that social media use has on people's mental health in addition to investigating possible countermeasures. The goal of this research is to examine how social media use affects young students' mental health in the context of COVID-19. This was accomplished by employing a mixed-method approach in a descriptive study that combined quantitative and qualitative data. An in-depth study of already existing researches was also done to get a better understanding about the matter. From this study, it is clear that Social media has a profound impact on young minds, altering beliefs, habits, and overall well-being. While technology provides educational benefits and connectivity, issues such as cyber bullying and high expectations have an influence on mental health. A balanced strategy is required, supporting responsible usage and establishing a good digital environment for young learners' well-being.

  4. Dr. Koné Gnénéfolo
    ABSTRACT:

    Le present article traite des enjeux de l’Abyssa, , qu’il définit comme l’apport de l’Abyssa à l’organisation sociale, politique, économique et culturelle de la société N’zima. Pour atteindre cet objectif, notre démarche méthodologique s’est basée sur la méthode qualitative axée sur la documentation, l’observation directe, les entretiens individuels ainsi que les focus groups. Les données ont été collectées auprès des spécialistes de l’Abyssa, des leaders traditionnels ou religieux, des groupes de femmes et des jeunes gens de cette communauté. Les résultats montrent qu’au-delà de l’expression culturelle de cette institution à caractère festif, il faut également percevoir une institution à la fois au service du politique, du social, du culturel et de l’économique. Le sens des rapports sociaux entre le roi et son peuple au cours de ces festivités laisse transparaître la démocratie, la réconciliation, la soumission, l’humilité, le repentir, le pardon, la transparence, etc. Ce serait des valeurs qui grandissent l’homme N’zima, raffermissent les liens sociaux et consolident la cohésion sociale ainsi qu’un un mode de gouvernance qui se veut démocratique au sein de cette communauté. C’est tout le sens d’une société qui entame sa mue. La société fait ainsi son bilan annuel ou une sorte de catharsis.

  5. Abdullah AYDEMİR, Şeyda KÖK, Mahmut AKKAYA and Ümmügülsüm AKKAYA
    ABSTRACT:

    Newspaper has always been an important tool for innovations, news and ideas to reach large masses. Newspapers, which reflect the political, social, economic, cultural and many aspects of the period in which they were published, are an important source for the period they are in. Officially in the Ottoman Empire II. The newspaper, which emerged in the time of Mahmut, showed progress with the efforts of the state and some people. Some of the newspapers are published by the state, and some are published by some intellectuals. While some newspapers continue their publication life for a long time, others have a short publication life. One of them is Vakit newspaper, which first started its publication life in the Ottoman period and was published in the first years of the establishment of the Turkish Republic. In this newspaper, around which many intellectuals and writers of the period gathered, from ideas to art, literature, sports, etc. There are many types of articles. Important writers of our literature wrote articles in the issues of Vakit newspaper, which is also the subject of our study, between 1 Kânunusani 1931 and 31 March 1931. This study has been prepared in order to reveal the reflections of literature, culture and art understanding on newspaper articles in the issues of Vakit newspaper between 1 Kânunusani 1931 – 31 March 1931.

  6. Zhumash Babazov and Chunbin Li
    ABSTRACT:

    From 2010 to 2020, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) region experienced notable transformations in the dynamics of cultivated land. These changes were primarily influenced by factors including as urbanization, environmental legislation, and agricultural methods. The focal point of this transformation was the swift urban growth observed in China, which played a significant role in the notable decrease of arable land. Despite being partially mitigated by afforestation projects like the "Green for Grain Project," the decrease in land availability has raised apprehensions over the long-term viability of land utilization and the assurance of food security. Divergent patterns of cultivated land alterations were seen, as Southeast Asia exhibited a tendency towards the expansion of commercial agriculture, while countries such as Central and Eastern Europe faced the challenge of heightened fragmentation. Israel has emerged as a prominent example of sustainable agriculture, showcasing the potential of technological breakthroughs in improving land production. The synergistic benefits of reciprocal agricultural endeavours were emphasized through collaborative efforts, notably between China and nations participating in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) that possess significant agricultural resources. This study highlights the imperative requirement for ongoing surveillance and enduring administration of cultivated lands in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) region. In light of the increasing global difficulties, it is of utmost importance to adopt a proactive approach to managing these lands in order to guarantee sustainable food security, environmental well-being, and socio-economic resilience in the long run.

  7. Pooja Shah and Pawan Kumar Maurya
    ABSTRACT:

    Mission Shakti is a flagship program launched by the Government of Uttar Pradesh in India to promote women's empowerment and self-reliance through skill development, employment generation, and entrepreneurship. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Mission Shakti's skill development initiatives in enhancing women's employment prospects in Uttar Pradesh. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. The findings reveal that Mission Shakti has had a positive impact on women's skill acquisition, employability, and income levels. However, challenges such as limited access to formal employment, gender-based discrimination, and societal barriers persist. The study recommends strengthening public-private partnerships, promoting gender-responsive policies, and addressing systemic inequalities to maximize the program's impact on women's economic empowerment in Uttar Pradesh.

  8. Dr. Debasri Dey
    ABSTRACT:

    The paper aims to highlight the impact of economic phases, namely, slowdown and recovery on supply chain of passenger car industry. Supply chain management becomes vulnerable during economic slow-down when the inventory builds up and production becomes unstable. At times of recovery the supply chain is characterized by backlogs when organizations explore all available opportunities and build resources as well as capabilities for growth and sustainable development. So far literature review shows that impact of customer’ choice, their behaviour and marketing variables on sales of passenger car have been studied to a great extent. Very few studies have been done on impact of economic conditions on sales of passenger cars and its consequent effect on supply chain. Recent economic downturns factor have left the supply chain managers clueless and take ad-hoc decisions. In this paper managing the supply chain of passenger cars during economic downturn and recovery period have been studied and decision making framework suggested for supply chain managers. The results show that a sale is sensitive to economic variables such as GDP, WPI, Fuel-Price, Inflation Rate, etc. This suggests that the supply chain decision framework needs to be integrated with the variations of economic conditions. This paper proposes a decision making model based on System Dynamic (SD) approach for enabling decision and policy makers to experiment with their policies and analyse the outcomes.

  9. Ranavagol Kiran S. and Kiran Savanur
    ABSTRACT:

    This research study represents an essential initial step to delving into the potential for investigating information-seeking behaviours and knowledge-conservation practices among traditional medicine practitioners. The study thoroughly examines the existing literature on information-seeking strategies and knowledge-conservation practices within this community. It meticulously explores the nuanced meanings and definitions of traditional medicine, information-seeking, and knowledge conservation in this context, providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Additionally, the study meticulously analyzes the current research trends in traditional medicine, shedding light on the diverse approaches employed for information gathering, the procedures utilized for preserving knowledge, and the multifaceted challenges encountered in this process.

  10. Abhiram Meher
    ABSTRACT:

    India has recently started a new movement to reform industries, workplaces, manufacturing hubs, towns, and urban cities from which carbon emissions have arisen. The coal and oil industries are the two potential key areas contributing to the highest environmental pollution. For this purpose, India has started adopting innovative green strategies and clean technologies to reduce the possible risks. The national government after 2014 came out with a certain new approach to propose environmental policies that are green-friendly. The government has thus launched several eco-friendly governance strategies such as the Swachha Bharat Mission (SBM), the National Clean Environmental Policy, the National Renewable Policy (NRP), and the National Solar Mission (NSM). However, green capacity building is one of the important endeavors at the hands of international, national, regional, and local levels. The government also tries to bring adequate attention to private industries and the big corporate sector to develop renewable energy techniques. Therefore, the term green governance implies resilient capacity building for eco-management. Another concern for the government is empowering the financial sector, NGOs, and private institutions and making the green product effective for the environment. Hence, the paper attempts to explore the role of green institutional building or capacity building and sustainable environmental governance laws in India during the phase of the NDA-led Modi government.

  11. Mohd Hussain
    ABSTRACT:

    While India is rich in diversity to offer visiting tourists, some of the states encompasses all the richness, which the country possesses and Punjab is one of among these states and Punjab is the unique state which provides such richness. Punjab provides a variety of tourist attractions as Punjab is known as the land of great gurus, has a great heritage of famous religious shrines, palaces, monuments, and historical embodiments, wetlands and much more to attract all categories of tourists. Punjab is also endowed with music and melody, gaiety and colors, history and legend. It is also famous for its handicrafts, woodcrafts and intricately designed in rich traditional patterns and motifs and needlework products which are much more sought after by the domestic as well as foreign tourist. Punjab is primarily an agrarian state and 70% people are engaged in agriculture. Agriculture is the main stay of Punjab economy and Punjab is known as the "Granary of India".

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EDITORIAL BOARD

Dr. Swamy KRM
India
Dr. Abdul Hannan A.M.S
Saudi Arabia.
Luai Farhan Zghair
Iraq
Hasan Ali Abed Al-Zu’bi
Jordanian
Fredrick OJIJA
Tanzanian
Firuza M. Tursunkhodjaeva
Uzbekistan
Faraz Ahmed Farooqi
Saudi Arabia
Eric Randy Reyes Politud
Philippines
Elsadig Gasoom FadelAlla Elbashir
Sudan
Eapen, Asha Sarah
United State
Dr.Arun Kumar A
India
Dr. Zafar Iqbal
Pakistan
Dr. SHAHERA S.PATEL
India
Dr. Ruchika Khanna
India
Dr. Recep TAS
Turkey
Dr. Rasha Ali Eldeeb
Egypt
Dr. Pralhad Kanhaiyalal Rahangdale
India
DR. PATRICK D. CERNA
Philippines
Dr. Nicolas Padilla- Raygoza
Mexico
Dr. Mustafa Y. G. Younis
Libiya
Dr. Muhammad shoaib Ahmedani
Saudi Arabia
DR. MUHAMMAD ISMAIL MOHMAND
United State
DR. MAHESH SHIVAJI CHAVAN
India
DR. M. ARUNA
India
Dr. Lim Gee Nee
Malaysia
Dr. Jatinder Pal Singh Chawla
India
DR. IRAM BOKHARI
Pakistan
Dr. FARHAT NAZ RAHMAN
Pakistan
Dr. Devendra kumar Gupta
India
Dr. ASHWANI KUMAR DUBEY
India
Dr. Ali Seidi
Iran
Dr. Achmad Choerudin
Indonesia
Dr Ashok Kumar Verma
India
Thi Mong Diep NGUYEN
France
Dr. Muhammad Akram
Pakistan
Dr. Imran Azad
Oman
Dr. Meenakshi Malik
India
Aseel Hadi Hamzah
Iraq
Anam Bhatti
Malaysia
Md. Amir Hossain
Bangladesh
Ahmet İPEKÇİ
Turkey
Mirzadi Gohari
Iran