Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by monocytes/macrophages, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-γ receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-γ signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells the increased presence of TNF-alpha and its receptors in articular cartilage with mild osteoarthritic. Regulating TNF-alpha is an important component in the treatment. Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory joint disease due to degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone. Inflammation is common and essential protective response to the harmful stimuli such as infectious agents, antigen-antibody reactions, thermal, chemical, and physical agents, and ischemia. The main characteristics of inflammation are redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. Inflammation cascades can lead to the development of diseases such as arthritis, chronic asthma, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease. Osteoarthritis is characterized by loss of joint cartilage, results pain and loss of function primarily in the knees and hips, which mostly affects 9.6% of men and 18% of women aged more than 60 years. The present sequel was emphasized on the levels of TNF alpha, IFN gamma and catalase in osteoarthritic patients and to compare it with the levels of those after introducing of antioxidants (Phytoconstituents). Control and regulation through phytoconstituents was enhanced a new way to prevent Osteoarthritis. Study have explored and examined on several medicinal plants spices like Curcumin (Curcuma longa),Cardamom ( Elettaria cardamom), Saffron (Crocus sativus), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) which are carotenoid-rich that is used to treat various types of diseases caused by oxidative stress specially for Osteoarthritis, Diabetics etc. It has the ability to decrease the levels of ROS, free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation, its anti-inflammatory effects which stimulate phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carbohydrate (ACC), and mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKS). Cinnamon consists of cinnamaldehyde, cinnomic acid, eugenol and other components that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that can reduce interleukin (IL) 6, and nitric oxide (NO) types of production and can suppress lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde (MDA). Hence, regulation and control of Osteoarthritis is a challenging opportunity at present 21st century, enhancement of ushering a new way to evaluate and prevent Osteoarthritis among the Indian patients can possible through such medicinal herbs which were accentuated upon.
