Facial asymmetry: diagnosis & treatment planning in orthodontics - A review

Bilateral symmetry is a most manifest morphological characteristic of the human body and especially that of the head. Due to large biological variations, either inherent in the developmental process or caused by environmental disturbances, such symmetry is rarely encountered. A number of causal factors have been highlighted in the development of facial asymmetries. The diagnosis of functional asymmetry should be accomplished by a thorough clinical examination and an analysis of various diagnostic records to determine the extent of involvement of dental, skeletal, soft tissue and functional components. Determination of the underlying cause of the asymmetry must be an important ingredient in the process of formulation of an appropriate treatment plan. Cases of facial asymmetry may be managed by orthodontic or surgical means depending upon the degree of severity and the patient’s expectations regarding their treatment. A detailed clinical examination and formulation of the correct diagnosis would help the clinicians to achieve the desired treatment goals.