Water quality assessment of the river birma: A tributaries of yamuna river hamirpur district (U.P.) India

In Indian context, rapid urbanization and industrialization, intensive agriculture, and growing demands for energy during the last few decades has affected the physicochemical parameters and biological attributes of the ground and surface water. Hamirpur district comes under semi arid region, so the surface water is main source of water in this region. The variations in selected physico-chemical factors were investigated for one year to determine the water quality of Birma River, Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh, for drinking, irrigation and fish production. Five stations were chosen on the river to reflect the effect of human activities, lacustrine and lotic habitats. Temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, chemical oxygen demand, total alkalinity, total hardness, sulphate, were analyzed monthly between July 2011 and June 2012 using standard methods and procedures APHA-2005. After compare from water quality standard we find that Birma River is unpolluted up stream while as downstream it is polluted and may not be used for domestic purpose without treatment but may used for irrigation. Themain source of pollution is the sewage disposal and agricultural runoff from the catchments areas and need to be proper treatment before uses.