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Quantifying the efficiencyof the beetle (Gostrophysavirdula) as biological control agent on weedy plant sorrel dock (Rumex crispus) at different seedling growth stages

Author: 
Khalid S. Alshallash
Subject Area: 
Life Sciences
Abstract: 

In four glasshouse experiments, efficiency and quantifying using the green dock beetle (Gastrophysa virdula) as biological control agent of sorrel dock (Rumex crispus) was studied. The effect of the green dock beetle (Gastrophysa virdula) on Rumex crispuswas investigated at four levels of beetles number/plant(pot); 0, 1, 2 or 3 beetles/plant (pot) at four different seedlings growth stages of Rumex crispus measured by the average of the total leaf area/plant (pot); 1.22 cm2/plant (pot), 4.45 cm2/plant (pot), 11.56cm2/plant (pot) or 71.52cm2 plant (pot).Beetle grazing resulted in a great reduction in Rumex crispus dry weight (g)/plant (pot) and shoots number/plant (pot). Statistical analysis showed significant reduction in the average of the four growth stages of Rumex crispus dry weight (g)/plant (pot) and shoots number/plant (pot)at high level of significance of (≤0.01) even in the presence of only one beetle/plant (pot). The presence of two or three beetle sometimes increased the reduction although it was not significant and dramatic confirming great effect of one beetle on one seedling of the weed. The present of one beetle reduced the average dry weight of Rumex crisps (g)/plant (pot) of the four growth stages by 63%. Whereas, the percentage of reduction in Rumex crispus shoot numbers /plant (pot) as a result of the present of one beetle was 49%. Dry weight (g)/plant (pot) and shoots number/plant (pot) of Rumex crispus have been affected significantly (P≤0.01) by the grazing of one beetle at all examined growth stages and this effect continued with the increase of beetle numbers/plant (pot) at the four growth stages. However, the increase in beetle number/plant (pot) was not of significant effect in all examined growth stages of Rumex crispus confirming the efficiency of one beetle to create considerable effect on one Rumex crispus seedling at all examined four growth stages. After four months from beetle grazing, Rumex crispus seedlings were not able to regrow confirming to be dead especially at smaller seedling stages. At the oldest growth stage with average of total leaf area of 71.52/plant (pot), some plants of Rumex crispus reemerged. This suggests that the highest beetle effect occurs in early seedling stages of Rumex crispus. Combining beetle grazing with other weed control measure at older growth stages could give better result in suppressing the weed. Statistical analysis showed high correlation (0.77) between the measurements taken for Rumex crispus seedlings (dry weight (g)/plant (pot) and shoots number/plant (pot)) at the four seedlings growth stages which confirms similarity of the beetle effect on Rumex crispusat all examined growth stages. Moreover, it does show similar effect of the beetle on the two measurements of Rumex crispus growth (dry weight (g)/plant (pot) and shoots number/plant (pot)) which indicate that the beetle grazing covers both leaves and tillers of Rumex crispusat similar amount including the whole above ground fresh matter of the weed.

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