Encryption methods in quantum-safe cryptography

Quantum computing represents a revolutionary leap in computational power, enabling the resolution of complex problems previously deemed intractable by classical systems. However, this progress presents a significant challenge to existing cryptographic infrastructures that rely on the difficulty of issues like integer factorization and discrete logarithms, which are the foundation of public-key cryptosystems such as RSA and ECC. Shor's quantum algorithm can efficiently solve these problems, making current cryptographic protocols vulnerable. To mitigate these threats, the emerging field of quantum-safe cryptography has gained significant attention. This paper explores the resilience of various post-quantum cryptographic algorithms—specifically lattice-based, hash-based, and code-based approaches—against quantum adversaries. We propose a hybrid cryptographic model that merges classical encryption techniques with post-quantum algorithms, ensuring backward compatibility while facilitating a seamless transition to quantum-resistant security protocols. Although post-quantum algorithms typically introduce additional computational overhead, they provide substantial protection against quantum threats. Our findings indicate that a hybrid cryptographic approach represents a viable solution to maintain data security during the transition to the quantum era. This research paper offers practical insights into the design and implementation of quantum- safe cryptographic solutions, stressing the need to prepare for the imminent advent of quantum computing.