Effects of passive aquatic therapy watsu (water shiatsu) in pregnancy: results of a controlled pilot study

Background: WATSU (Water Shiatsu) are therapeutic treatment methods comprising passive stretches, active movements and massage techniques administered in 35°C warm water. Pregnant women need safe methods to reduce pain, stress, and fatigue. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study evaluating the effects of WATSU on pregnancy-related complaints in pregnant women. Methods: Nine healthy pregnant women at gestational week ≥28 were included in an intervention group (receiving WATSU) and compared to eight women in a passive control group (receiving no treatment). WATSU was performed on days 1 and 4 of the study. Outcomes include physiological and psychometric as well as qualitative data. Participants in the control group completed questionnaires only. Results: WATSU was found to significantly lower participants’ levels of stress and pain and to improve their mental health-related quality of life and mood. In comparison to the passive control group, participants in the intervention group reported reduction in perceived stress from day 1 to day 8 (P=0.036), Cohen’s f=0.57). Qualitative data indicate that WATSU was appreciated as enjoyable and deeply relaxing. No negative side effects were reported. Conclusion: Our findings support the notion that WATSU yields therapeutic benefits for pregnant women and warrant further research.