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The comparetive anatomy and morphology of three xerophytic leaves namely Cycas revoluta, Nerium oleander and Pinus caribea

Author: 
La’ah, Mohammed Tanimu Badamasi and Abdulrazak Ado
Subject Area: 
Life Sciences
Abstract: 

Naturally physical environment largelly determines which plant lives in a particular climate, plants growing in different ecological conditions; consequently they are referred to as xerophytes, hydrophytes, and epiphytes etc. Thus, shows certain adaptive features which enables them to survive under such conditions, these are phylogenetic characters. In the course of time, plants were able to cope with a range of conditions through the physiological, morphological and behavioral abilities they possessed. The anatomy and morphological comparative study of leaves of Pinus caribaea Morelet, Cycas revoluta Thunb. and Nerium oleander (L) were conducted through fixation process were the leaves are fixed in FAA (formalin acetic acid). After fixation, pieces of leaves were dehydrated in varying concentrations of alcohol i.e 30%, 50%, 70%, 95% and absolute alcohol for 2 hours each. After dehydration, the leaves were then infiltrated with paraffin wax. The inner surfaces of the watch glasses were smear with 10% glycerine to allow the solidified blocks of paraffin wax slip out of the watch glass easily. Molten wax was poured into the glasses and warm forceps were used to orient the impregnated leaves at their cutting angles. The paraffin wax blocks with the leaves were trimmed in equal sizes, so as to obtain straight ribbon during sectioning. The ribbons obtained were mounted on slides smeared with egg albumen. The slides were dewaxed in two changes of xylene for 5 minutes each. The slides were then treated in series of alcohol starting from absolute alcohol two changes, 95%, 70%, 50% and 30% alcohol for 2minutes each. The specimens were stained in safranin for 20minutes and in fast green for 5minutes. The sections of each material were observed under light microscope, to study the following parameters: Cuticle, Epidermis, Sclerenchyma and The location and number of stomata. In each case, the thickness was studied with the help of already calibrated microscope. In addition, the location and numbers of stomata were also studied. In conclusion, location actually affects the anatomical features of the leaf but it depends on what ecological zone the plant is found and the climatic diversity experienced by the plant

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