Background: pregnancy is associated with maternal physiological, biochemical and hormonal changes. The aim of this study was to assess the serum lipid profile and thyroid hormones among Sudanese pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional case control study conducted at Hafiz Almisbah private medical center, Khartoum Sudan in the period from April to September 2018. Sixty pregnant women; as cases; (20 from each trimester) and sixty non-pregnant women; as controls; were included in the study. A fasting venous blood was collected from each participant, obtaining the serum; thyroid hormones were measured by ELISA (Stat fax - 2100) , and total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLc and HDLc were measured by CHEM-7, Erba Mannheim. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20, t-test was used for comparison of means between two groups and Pearson’s correlation test was used to test the association between study parameters and variables, P-value < 0.05 is considered significant. Results: There was a significant increase in total cholesterol (mean ± SD: case; 197.03 ± 40.39 versus control; 171.05 ± 40.23 mg/dl, p-value: 0.001), triglyceride (mean ± SD: case; 172.45 ± 42.15 versus control; 149.05 ± 42.06 mg/dl, p-value: 0.044), HDLc (mean ± SD: case; 46.58 ± 10.32 versus control; 41.80 ± 7.82 mg/dl, p-value 0.005) and LDLc (mean ± SD: case; 116.50 ± 38.94 versus control; 99.02 ± 36.25 mg/dl, p-value: 0.012), T3 (mean ± SD: case; 1.54 ± 0.39 versus controls; 1.29 ± 0.37 Iu/l, p- value: 0.001) and T4 (mean ± SD: case; 8.92 ± 1.81 versus controls; 8.25 ± 1.10 Iu/l , p-value: 0.016), while there was a significant decrease in TSH (mean ± SD: case; 0.47 ± 0.42 and control; 2.35 ± 1.23 Iu/l, p-value: 0.000), The result also showed a significant positive correlation between total cholesterol and T3(r: 0.437, p-value: 0.000), cholesterol and T4 (r: 0.539, p-value: 0.000), cholesterol and TSH (r: 0.313, p- value: 0.015), triglycerides and T3 (r: 0.513, p- value: 0.000), triglycerides and T4 (r: 0.560, p- value: 0.000), triglycerides and TSH (r: 0.270, p-value: 0.037), HDLc and T3 (r: 0.408 p-value: 0.000), HDLc and T4 (r: 0.541, p-value: 0.000), HDLc and TSH (r: 0.279, p-value:0.031), LDLc and T3 (r: 0.328, p-value: 0.011) and LDLc and T4 (r: 0.392, p-value: 0.002); but there was no correlation between LDLc and TSH (r: 0.242, p-value: 0.062. Conclusion: pregnant women had increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLc and LDLc, T3 and T4, and they had decreased levels of TSH.
