Recently increased interest in the natural balance of the biosphere to achieve environmentally sustainable development and achievement the positive interaction to its vocabulary where became the biodiversity issue from priority concerns because of its great importance in the environment and its disproportionate effect on the international environmental variables in general, including Iraq by especial form, the importance of this research, where the wildlife an important part of the ecosystem, in the case preserve their balance and stability so will be an important indicator for the human security by treating with his environment and the sustainability of their welfare. From here came establishment the natural reserves that contribute to biodiversity development in a sustainable manner and achieve the interaction with natural environmental resources, which called the biosphere (soil, water, air) to protect the wildlife of all kinds; flora, fauna, Microorganisms and ecosystems, the study aims to assess the wildlife in Sinjar mountain reserve which have a great role in biodiversity protection, which explain that the rate of plant diversity was 92 species, 84genus and40 family where the coverage proportion reached 95% and density (376,78) plant/m2. There are animal diversity in the reserve, such as mammals, reptiles, birds, rodents, rabbits, insects, spiders and other. Clear the type of prevailing climate that drought indicator (14,175) were semi humid, rainfall (422 ml/year), relative humidity (69, 2%-16, 7%), rate of maximum temperatures (32, 9C0), Minimum temp. (6,6C0), the kind of the soil texture from clay soils, alluvial and gypsum, which characterize availability of water surface, whether from rain in winter and from project of rainwater harvesting in reserve or wells in summer, where the factor of favorable climate that made the stability and sustainability of the nature reserve, though to some of human factors challenges, such as hunting, overgrazing, pollution (acid rain) and desert encroachment, logging, fires, war impacts by stripping the lands from natural content. Although the above, to Sinjar mountain nature reserve has a bright future while appears their sustainability by the content of their biodiversity.
