October 2019

Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis being non-pathological and inconspicuous most of the time serves minimal attention from patients and clinician. On controversy temporo mandibular diseases (TMD) having a variety of eitiopathology and various grades of manifestations has always been an interesting area for clinicians. Though the prevalence of tori and their correlation with sex and age had studied widely, the reduced number of samples always been a limitation. This study was under taken to find whether a correlation exists between these two entities. We conducted a wide clinical examination and study model analysis on 2478 sample of which 0.44% were presented with torus mandibularis and none with torus palatinus. Almost same frequency of occurrence was observed between males and females. For males, prevalence of tori was maximum at second decade and for females on third decade. Whereas least tori were seen in third decade for males and first decade for females. On comparison of TMD with Torus mandibularis it was found that there was no such correlation since only one case was presented with both conditions. Most of tori were found to be situated on anterior one third region and of mild form so that most of the patients were unaware about the existence.

With the advancement in the field of digital imaging, computational technology, artificial intelligence, data mining altogether brings out new era of practice. This evolutionary developments in field of pathology are going to be revolutionary in present and future. Tele-pathology is about the practice of pathology at a distance by pathologists. It includes all histopathology consultation including the generation of a written report, quality control, and quality assurance (QA) of all of the processes of light microscopy, interpretation, consultation with the patient’s physicians. Whole slide imaging (WSI) targets to emulate the techniques of light microscopy, albeit in a computer-created manner. Use of these techniques in practice by Pathologists, scientists, technologists, administrators and industry partners is going to be a major help in healthcare and life scinces. Methods: We are taking a overview of digital pathology and its application for knowledge, awareness and enthusitic use in practice, education and training programmes by a pathologists in near future.

In this mini-literature review, we raised the question of the evidence-based specific effect of horse placenta extract. Questions on the diversity of both its chemical and biological composition are considered. The need for further study of the obtained extracts of horse placenta should depend on the method of their preparation, as this is the only way to exclude the inclusion of certain components of the horse placenta. That will determine the specific factor that has a positive effect on the body.

Sedation in the terminal phase of disease or outside any progressive pathology leads us today to rethink the paradigm of life, existence and destiny. This paper addresses the philosophical issue of the “desire to live” and the “un-willingness to live”. For any person – sick or not – who has no belief in “another” life, or in a superior being who is the master of their life, is it legitimate to force them to wait for their “death”? Should doctors or their relatives decide on their “life” and “death” by keeping them “alive” for the inevitable outcome? The current debate seems to make doctors and relatives of terminally ill patients feel guilty, accusing them of “deliberate-murder”; the State itself, by refusing to legalize euthanasia through sedation is accused of “moral-torture”. Among practitioners, the debate is no less heated and the arguments put forward on both sides – whether for terminal sedation or for the rejection of a form of “assisted suicide” – are shaking the philosophers in their reflection more than we think. Arguments such as “accomplished life” and “life fatigue” are increasingly raised and could justify the free choice of euthanasia by elderly people, or those tired of living! The aim of this article is threefold to1. lay the foundations of the contemporary debate on the progress of medicine in the management of physical and psychological pain/suffering; 2. help relatives in their duty to assist; and finally, 3. provide practitioners with benchmarks and points of reference, respecting the Hippocratic Oath, and their duties as humanists.

Background: Vaginal infections remain a major public health problem in Burkina Faso. A retrospective study was conducted at Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (HOSCO) to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with vaginal infections in women seen at gynecological consultation between 2015 and 2018. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of women seen at gynecological consultation for vaginal infections at HOSCO from June 2015 to June 2018.The antibiogram and antifongigram of microorganisms isolated were determined using standard procedures. Results: The study population consisted of 4168 women aged 10 to 65 years with a mean of 29.0 ± 7.8. The overall prevalence of vaginal infections was 83.2% (3469/4168) in the study population with 517 cases of coinfections. Women from 19 to 45 years accounted for 92.8% of the study population and was the most exposed to C. albicans (p <0.001) and Escherichia coli (p = 0.002). More than 50.0% (1770/3469) of yeast infections with 70.3% (1245/1770) of Candida albicans and 29.7% (525/1770) of Candida spp. were found while Enterococcus spp. was involved in 15.9% of vaginal infections. Antifongigram revealed higher sensitivity for Nystatin, Econazole, Clotrimazole and Miconazole. The highest resistance rates were observed for Fluconazole, Miconazole and Amphotericin B. Conclusion: This study has shown that Candida albicans and Enterococcus spp. are the most common pathogens involved in lower genital tract infections in women in Ouagadougou. We also report increased resistance to Fluconazole, Miconazole and Amphotericin B and suggests surveillance of antimicrobial resistance for better management of patients.

The use of rubber dam is considered as the standard of care by professional organizations. The role of microorganisms in causing root canal infection is well known and the importance of eliminating them from the root canal system for successful root canal treatment. The use of rubber dam provides absolute dryness of the field, better control of cross-infection, prevents soft tissue contact of chemicals, and improves treatment efficiency. However, recently by the introduction of many newer variations, its use in endodontics has been made easy. The purpose of this paper is to review the advances in rubber dam materials and discuss their possibilities to use in endodontics.

Background: Tomato, Grape fruit, Pink guava and Watermelon as a well known promising source of multiple beneficial nutrients for human beings. Processing of fruits by-products potentially represents a rich source of phenolic compounds. Fruit seeds which are generally discarded as waste in the environment, can act as potential nutraceutical resources. Due to their low cost and easy availability such wastes are capable of offering significant low-cost nutritional dietary supplements. The utilization of these bioactive rich fruit seeds can provide an efficient, inexpensive, and environment friendly platform for the production of novel nutraceuticals or for the improvement of older ones. This study summarized the potential components present in fruit seeds, which generally discarded as waste. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to carry out the drying process in seed (Tomato, Grapes, Watermelon and Pink Guava); to determine the nutrient composition of fruit seed powder: to analyze the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis: and to find out the antioxidant activity of the seed powder. Materials and Methods: Seeds were separated and placed in trays and kept in cabinet dryer and the temperature was maintained at 600 for 7 hours. After the heat treatment ground in to a coarse powder and stored in a well closed container free from environmental climatic changes till usage. Nutrient Composition of the seed powder was analyzed by standard procedures. Phytochemical such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, saponin, tannin, terpenoids, quinons, phlobatannins and steroids were analysed. Quantitative phytochemical test such as Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Total Phenol were done. UV spectrometry was used to do Lycopene analysis. DPPH method was used to find the antioxidant activity. Results and Discussion: Watermelon seed (68.57) and Grape seed (68.57) having high flavanoid. When compared with other fruit seed powder watermelon seed powder contains the high nutrient composition (Moisture 3.56 %, Ash 6.0 g, Protein 35.27g, Fat 23.89 g, Vitamin- A 85.0 mg, Vitamin- C 8.80 mg, Iron 5.04 mg , Calcium 57.0 mg) except carbohydrate (46.59 g) and Crude Fibre (10.1 g).

This study addresses the issues of strategies related challenges of vocabulary teaching and learning in the context of CLTA. To this end, identifying strategies related challenges of vocabulary teaching and learning was taken as a general objective of the study. To achieve it, identifying students’ vocabulary learning strategies, disclosing students’ vocabulary learning strategies related challenges, revealing teachers’ vocabulary teaching strategies and pinpointing their vocabulary teaching strategies related challenges were designed as specific objectives. The study was conducted at Seka Secondary School by taking 221 students and seven teachers. In collecting data, questionnaire, interview and class room observation were used as instruments. The instruments’ validity and reliability were proved by pilot study. The data gathered via the aforementioned instruments were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. At the end of the analysis, students were found work individually, in small and large group as well, request their teacher, use an English-L1 dictionary, ask their classmates, use the new words in conversation and the new words according to their part of speech. Regarding vocabulary learning strategies related challenges, difficulty in finding the meaning of unfamiliar words from the context, discouragement’s when they don’t immediately understand what word means, words that they would normally understand in writing, but when they heard them in a stream of speech, they found it difficult to tell when one words finishes and other begins, difficult to recognize vocabulary the words they know because of the way they are pronounced and unfamiliar words like jargon, idioms difficult to be inferred were identified . Consequently, teachers are recommended to use various vocabulary teaching strategies while they are teaching new words to make the students effective in their vocabulary learning.

This study assessed the causes and consequences of violation of child rights of pupils in primary school in KebbiState. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. Head masters and Primary School Teachers and Pupils in five education zones of Kebbi state in North Western Nigeria participated in the study. Primary school pupils who are central to this study were sampled because of their experience as victims of violation of child rights. To this end 500 participants made up of 50 out of 230 schools were Head masters deliberately selected 200 primary school teachers out of 1670 and 250 pupils out of 26800 were selected by stratification, cluster and simple random sampling technism for the study. The participants cut across urban and rural schools, private and public schools. An equal number of 10 schools were purposely selected from each of the five Education Zones to get 50 schools out of 230 schools self-designed structured questionnaire titled “Causes and Consequences of Child’s Right Violation Questionnaire” (CCCRVQ) was used for data collection. The instrument had three sections that captured the causes, consequence and management intervention strategies to be applied to uphold child right. Internal consistency of items was analysed using Crombach alpha coefficient which yield 0.78. A total of 250 copies of the instrument were administered to participants on the sport collection of completed questionnaire was used to obtain 100% return rate. The items were scored on four point Likert scale. Weighed means were used and a cut off mean of 2.50 and above was used for acceptance while mean below 2.50 indicated rejection. A Grand Mean was also calculated for overall accept are or rejection. Interview format was developed from the items on the questionnaire to elicit pupils responses. The pupils were interviewed by trained research assistants with the help of guidance counselors in each school. Findings of the study show that child right violation is caused by social economic, political and cultural factors. Violation of child right have negative consequence both on the individual and society at large. School managements must apply various intervention strategies to promptly address violation of child right in their domains.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which has an estimated worldwide prevalence in adults of 0.8% and more frequently affects females, is characterized by joint inflammation and destruction and gives rise to functional limitations, working disability, and a poor quality of life. The etiology of this disease is unknown; however interaction between both genetic and environmental factors is thought to contribute to its occurrence. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to examinate correlation between RF, CRP, Uric acid and Anti CCP in patients with join pain. Materials and Methods: This study was carried at the Department of medical biochemistry and Department of reumatologu of Public Health Organization Clinical hospital d-r Trifun Panovski in Bitola. Written informed consent was taken from all the subjects before undergoing any investigation. The research protocol was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Results: A total of 50 patients were available for this study and were included in the analysis. From 50 patients, 33 patients (66%) were female and 17 males (34%). The mean age of the cohort was 54 years old ranging from 28 to 84 years old. Serum concentration of anti CCP in all participants was in range <0,5 U/ml to 641 U/ml, mean 23,9 U/ml. Males serum concentration of Anti CCP was in range <0.5 U/ml to 189 U/ml, mean 14,78 U/ml. Females serum concentration of Anti CCP was in range <0.5 U/ml to 641 U/ml, mean 28.7 U/ml. A significant association of RF and anti-CCP antibody co-occurrence was observed: Positive for both RF and anti-CCP antibody were 7 patients (5 female and 2 males). RF-positive/anti-CCP antibody-negative were 12 patients (9 female and 2 males). RF-negative/anti-CCP antibody-positive were 2 female patients. Discussion: We found a significant association of RF and Anti CCP in 36 of 50 patients with arthralgia, which is in a correlation with previous studies. We found that female patients safer frequent from arthralgia compare to males which is in a correlation with previous studies. Conclusion: The usage of anti-CCP antibody is useful in the detection of early disease as evidenced by significant association between anti-CCP antibody and RF.

The study determined the hemostatic activity of import-substituting hemostatic material of local action, obtained as a result of oxidation of unregenerated cellulose, in models of laboratory animals (outbred dogs).It was established that the studied sample of oxidized cellulose has hemostatic and aerostatic activity, which in its indicators is comparable to that for the well-known material “Heprocel”:its use after applying a model of cut wound to the right lungs of dogs led to a decrease in the intensity of blood loss by 25% of the severity of spontaneously stopping bleeding, and the time to stop bleeding was 330 ± 35 s

Background: Soft tissues calcifications and ossifications are incidental findings seen in the digital panoramic radiographs. These are usually asymptomatic but can be a diagnostic aid for some calcifications which are life threatening and the underlying cause requires treatment. Aim of the study to estimate prevalence of soft tissue calcifications and ossifications in digital panoramic radiographs (OPGs) Objectives: 1.To estimate the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications seen on digital OPGs. 2. To evaluate incidence of calcifications like phleboliths, antroliths, carotid artery calcifications ,stylohyoid ligament ossifications etc. on digital OPGs. 3. To estimate and compare the prevalence of calcifications in males and females. Materials and Method: 1750 random digital panoramic radiographs of the individuals aged between 35 to 80 years of region Western Maharashtra who visited dental institution were evaluated retrospectively and were scrutinized for calcifications according to gender, age and site. Results: Out of 1750 radiographs the number of radiographs with evidence of calcification was 210 out of which 131 were of females and 79 were males. It was a double blind study. Two maxillofacial radiologists cross checked the radiographs. In this study stylohyoid ligament calcifications was found more in number among which 74 were females & 27 males average of 9.9% followed by 7.6% of atherosclerotic plaque, 0.9% of antroliths and lymph node calcifications, 0.7% of rhinoliths and tonsilloliths and 0.1% of phleboliths. Since the site selected in the study was predetermined, the calcifications are recorded accordingly. Statistical analysis: Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS software) (v 22.0, IBM). The estimation of presence of calcification with comparison of findings between males and females was analyzed using Chi-square test(p value = 0.01) and considered to be statistically significant. Mean age of participants with calcification was 49.01. Conclusion: Stylohyoid ligament calcifications were found highest in number in this study followed by carotid artery calcification. Some of these calcifications may indicate presence of some systemic diseases. This makes the OPG an instrumental tool in saving a patient's life.

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) provides live TV channels to users over IP in the form of streaming. Since each channel is transmitted on request, there is always the problem of delay between channel changes. The channel switching delay is familiar problem in digital television and widely researched in the context of IPTV systems. Several solutions have been proposed to reduce this delay. A few popular solutions suggest transmitting more than one channel to users at the same time. However, choosing these channels is not trivial as the next channel a user will switch to is not known. In this paper, we analyze machine learning approaches to predict the next channel of the user. Such a prediction can be useful in design of frameworks for reducing the channel switching delay. We have performed our experiments on dataset collected from an operational system on which the Multilayer Perceptron(MLP) model produces better accuracy.

In recent years, the world has faced significant failures of many giant firms and with major scandals pointing to inadequate corporate governance (Ali, 2016). The Banking sector was also a victim of such shortcomings. In the current time, the financial crisis in the banking sector is a common issue around the world (Ataur & Jahurul 2018). However, investigation of the root cause of these failures has revealed that among other factors, these scandals are primarily attributed to inadequate corporate governance practices as Ataur and Jahurul (2018) affirm. Accordingly, issues relating to Corporate governance have received heightened attention in empirical studies and scholarly works. This paper examined the impact of corporate governance (CG) of commercial banks in Uganda from the case of DFCU Bank LTD. The main objectives were: 1.To establish the effect of corporate transparency on the performance of DFCU bank LTD. 2. To examine the effect of commitment to corporate governance on the performance of DFCU bank LTD. Since the study was dealing with perceptions, data collection was done using a closed-ended questionnaire for the aspects of corporate governance considered in this study and items relating to bank performance. From the regression and correlation, analysis, there is a positive relationship between transparency in financial management and Overall performance of DFCU.This implies that employees whose perceptions of Transparency in financial management were positive were also likely to report higher levels of bank performance. There is also a positive relationship between Commitment to Corporate Governance and Overall performance of DFCU. This implies that bank performance is high where Corporate Governance are discussed in the Annual report, CG policy or manual is readily available to the staff, core values of the bank are communicated in writing to employees and so on.

There is a significant importance to improve the productivity and tool life as preferred by the manufacturers. The most emerging needs of modern metal cutting operations are to increase the Material Removal Rate with surface finish and high accuracy. These objectives can be achieved by reducing the tool wear rate, this rate of tool wear can be reduced by the reduction of heat generated during the metal removal process. This reduction of heat generated can be done by use of coolant for more effective cooling a special sub cooling process known as cryogenic cooling is used while machining.

Lichen planus is chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease usually affecting older individuals but may also affect the children in rare instances. Although,the incidences of the lichen planus in children are a few and mostly reported in Asian countries. This case would highlight about the occurrence of lichen planus in a nine year old girl child with its clinical and histopathological characteristics.

Today, morethan one million people worldwide use GIS for thousands of different purposes, while the use of modern geospatial information for our daily use is still in its infant stage in Ethiopia. By combining geographic information with descriptive information you will be able to view the business information from a completely new perspective. The Geospatial Platform can effectively support problem solving and policy formulation for the complex issues facing our Nation. Issues and events that affect the economy, employment, the environment, public health and welfare, security, and quality of life will benefit from the decision support tools, shared applications, visualization, and trusted geospatial data made available through the Geospatial Platform.Whether one country is implementing geospatial information system for the first time or not it is very important to define its national geospatial governance and architecture for its national geospatial platform. Defining business and technological architectures for the national geospatial platform will enable participatory information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design, and collaboration. Therefore, defining appropriate business architecture for national geospatial platform for Ethiopia has never been more important than now, as government agencies start to invest significant resources in geospatial data, services, technology, and expertiseto support their daily business operations. This study paper offers business architecture for the national geospatial platform of Ethiopia based on the definedgeospatial enterprise architectural principles and national governance stratures.

This is a conceptual paper and its primary goal is to assess the role of corporate branding in the promotion of sustainable business in Uganda. The new challenges of doing business in the 21st century coupled with the increasing demand of various stakeholders for firms and companies to consider the social and environmental problems associated with company’s activities have made the concept of sustainable business a favored option. This study holds that corporate branding can be a prudent resource and process to arrive at a viable industry in Uganda, and it draws on key literature relating to corporate branding, sustainability and sustainable marketing. It develops a framework that explains and aligns the drivers of corporate brand and reputation. Practical implications- companies will be able to use the structure to help them utilize the corporate brand as a resource for sustainable business, including creating a competitive advantage that ensures the company’s longevity.

In the article, the author explains that the process of modernization of the political system of society in Uzbekistan is an intensive continuation and mechanical use of the experience of state power in our country is not appropriate - historical traditions, psychics, mentalities and differences in living standards are also relevant. Therefore, some aspects of the issue, national originality must be taken into account. Western and Eastern ethics are also associated with cultural differences in attitude to government. The social stability in our country, the respect between the public and the government, the Sharka violence, the seriousness and the respect for adults inherent in our people are in harmony with ancient values such as preventing situations that occur in the West. After all, modern democracy is connected with the system of legal state and institutions of self-government, which state power can be established through the establishment and strengthening of democracy (state power) in all social spheres.

Cardiovascular disease is a medical condition which are blocking the blood vessels can cause the heart attack, angina pectoris, heart stroke, myocardial infraction and arrhythmia. Many times people are reckless in nature and taken huge amount of smoking, does not pay attention on its own obesity and there is following factors which enhancing the rate of cardiovascular disease. Heart attack are widely occur in human populations and they are following category of heart attack such as heart failure, atrial fabrillation etc. They have following stages and following agents are taken to prevent from this disease. Angioplasty is technique it is mainly used in valvular disease by which help to open the blood vessels that supply blood to your muscles of heart. Heart attack patients are suffer from various difficulties such as chest pain, sweating, nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness, anxiety and shortness of breath and most of the common symptom are irregular heart beat. A thin soft tubes called catheter are used in this technique. This technique help to relive from angina and other cardiovascular disease. Angioplasty and related technique are also knowns as percutaneous ( transdermal , transdermic, transcutaneous, coronary intravention.Angioplasty is a process in which a constrict of the coronary artery become wider angioplasty is involving minimally invasive and has a few recover time than by surgery. Then increase blood flow in the heart muscles but need for the chest surgery.

Due to various reasons like abnormal and unusual food habits, life styles and stress of various nature and origin, hyperlipidemia has become a common feature of the world in general and of developed countries in particular. This problem is affecting the human health and working potential of a large population and also threatening the life of many. Large quantum of work has been carried out worldwide to overcome this problem of the potent hypolipidemic agent screened; many plants are of Indian origin. Hyperlipidemia causes atherosclerosis which is a major cause of death in the world. In India atherosclerosis is also becoming a major disease with changing life styles and increasing stresses. Population studies and clinical trials have shown a strong relation between hyperlipidemia and coronary heart diseases. An increased risk of coronary heart disease is associated with a high serum concentrations of total cholesterol low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides.On the other hand, low serum concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is also responsible for coronary heart diseases.

Family can provide complimentary food (CF) by using local ingredients with the nutritional standards set by the government which are a minimum of energy of 400 Kcal, protein of 15-22 grams, and 10-15% of fat. The utilization of local food such as rice, catfish and spinach as the main ingredients can increase the nutrient content of children under five. This study aimed to analyse the nutrient content of the CF of beleyam (a mixture of rice, catfish and chicken) and its chemical properties. The method used in this study was experimental method with proximate analysis test of protein, fat, calories, crude fibre, ash and water. The result of the CF of beleyam cereal study showed a fat level of 10.53%, protein of 18.75%, calorie of 400.92, water limit of 3.48, fibre of 1.52, and ash of 1.94. The CF of beleyam cereal has a fairly good nutritional content in fulfilling the nutrition needs of under-five children.

The cryosurgery used in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer improved their quality of life, but mainly because of the pain relief. In postoperative patients, multifaceted changes in immunity were found, and the state of the immune system prior surgery often was a decisive factor to indicate whether further disorders in the postoperative period would be developing or by contrast, it would boost its recovery. Some patients receiving cryosurgery showed immune system imbalance and activation, and of antitumor immunity in particular. It has been suggested that advisability of immunotropic therapy for specific treatment algorithm should be predicted or the therapy should be suspended at some pathologic stage, and this has been immunologically confirmed. The cryosurgery should be considered as a reasonable alternative to the existing types of surgery for pancreatic cancer or as an essential component of the multimodal therapy, consisting of topical cryosurgery, chemotherapy, and immunotropic therapy, to boost antitumor immunity and to discontinue cytoreductive therapy due to its toxic effects.

Background: In recent years lifestyle related diseases are increasing globally, one such condition is Metabolic syndrome. Low physical activity levels being one of the major causative factor. Information Technology professionals because of their sedentary job profile and erratic schedule can be considered to be at risk of Metabolic syndrome. Hencethe study was carried out to study the correlation between physical activity levels and Metabolic syndrome components. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted considering 150 males in the age group 25–50 yrs. of Information Technology sector as subjects. Waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels, Serum Triglycerides, Serum HDL levels were correlated with leisure time physical activity levels, assessed by a standard self-reported questionnaire, Godin Shephard Leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. Results: We observed that all other components of Metabolic syndrome, except for Serum HDL levels, had a statistically significant negative correlation with physical activity levels. Conclusion: Low physical activity levels have a detrimental effect on Metabolic syndrome components. These results can be of help to create awareness among the population with sedentary job profiles and also the general population. Importance of physical activity and lifestyle modifications for prevention of Metabolic syndrome and its consequences can be explained to I.T. professionals.

Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) is an extremely rare benign tumor of the ovary that is derived from the sex cord stroma. It affects mostly young females in their second and third decade of life. Sclerosing stromal tumor of ovary most commonly presents as an abdominal mass with menstrual irregularities and pain in abdomen. Preoperative diagnosis of the tumor is difficult as it often mimics a malignant tumor. Oophorectomy is usually performed in many cases of young women, and diagnosis of SST is made based on post-operative pathological examination. Here, we report a case of SST of the ovary in an 23-year-old young female who came to JNMCH for treatment of primary infertility and abnormal uterine bleeding, she was diagnosed on the basis of histopathological report when she underwent cystectomy. Accurate preoperative imaging helped to perform minimally invasive surgery for SST.

Amphotericin B (AmB - antifungal) and Cyclosporine A (CsA - immunosuppressant) are commonly used drugs in medical clinics; however, these often present Nephrotoxicity. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate if AmB and CsA nephrotoxicity could be associated to oxidative stress and if the PKA and p38 MAPK are involved in cell death, caused by these drugs, in two different segments of the nephron. For this, we used two different cell lines (LLC-PK1 and MDCK) from different segments of the nephron and treated these cells with AmB and CsA. We evaluated the effect of these treatments on cell death on both cells and the involvement of PKA and p38 MAPK pathways in Amphotericin B and Cyclosporin-induced cell death. Further, we investigated the influence of the treatment with the two drugs in oxidative balance, evaluating ROS production, antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase), as well as gene expression of these enzymes. We also analysed the gene expression of gp91phox, p22phox and p47phox. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni's Multiple Comparison post-Test or Dunn's Multiple Comparison Test to determine the differences among the groups. AmB and CsA caused cell death in both cells lines, however LLC-PK1 presented a higher percentage of cell death caused by AmB and MDCK presented a higher percentage of cell death caused by CsA. ROS production in both cells treated with AmB or CsA have the same profile observed in DNA fragmentation (cell death). The results showed that the treatment with AmB was able to increase the expression of p47phox and gp91phox in both cell lines. The treatment with AmB was able to reduce SOD activity in both cells lines and the treatment with CsA demonstrated that this drug could reduce the activity of SOD and Catalase in LLC-PK1 and MDCK cells. When p38 MAPK and PKA were inhibited in MDCK cells, the percentage of DNA fragmentation decreased, showing that when these cells were treated with AmB or CsA, probably p38 MAPK and PKA were involved in cell death caused by these compounds. This study demonstrated that cells from different regions of the nephron (proximal –LLC-PK1 or distal tubules - MDCK) present different responses to the oxidative stress caused by Amphotericin B (AmB) or Cyclosporine A (CsA), and also showed a differentiated participation of signalling in this process, involving PKA and p38 MAPK pathways.

Kawal is an African and Sudanese meat substitute produced traditionally through solid state fermentation of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) fermented leaves. The present study aimed to isolate and identify microorganism involved in kawal fermentation through conventional microbiological analysis and further molecular confirmation. Two samples of kawal were processed in Algeniana and Sinnar cities, Sudan (AK and SK respectively). Isolated bacterial groups were biochemically identified as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus scuiri and Lactobacillus plantarum in AK, while only Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus scuiri appeared in SK. Yeasts, molds, Coliform, E.coli and Beta lactamase producing bacteria were not detected. Results were further confirmed using molecular techniques where DNA of isolate bacteria was amplified by PCR, electrophoresed on agarose gel with reference DNA of proposed bacteria. Results were in agreement with the biochemical identification of both AK and SK. Identified bacterial species can be used for further product development.

This paper seeks to discuss the need to understand consumer perceptions on the important effect of typography on the Muslim Bumiputra’s entrepreneurs product packaging in order to correctly design product packaging.Packaging is now generally regarded as an essential component of our modern life style and the way business is organized. It is an important part of differentiating Muslim Bumiputra’s entrepreneurs products. It is also an essential stage in developing product with proper use of typography in order to achieve effective product positioning. Packaging is the enclosing of a physical object, typically a product that will be offered for sale. Packaging is an important part of the branding process as it plays a role in communicating the image and identity of a Muslim Bumiputra’s company. A major function of packaging is the communication of the product. A package must communicate what it sells. Muslim Bumiputra’s entrepreneurs are still lacking on the knowledge of an effective packaging for their products. Effective packaging elements enable Muslim Bumiputra’s entrepreneurs products to compete with other products in the market.

Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is commonly seen in surgical practice, tuberculous lymphadenopathy is most commonest cause of cervical lymphadenopathy ,the aim of study is to know the overall various diseases responsible for cervical lymphadenopathy. Methods: Study was carried out by prospectively collected 420 cases of chronic cervical lymphadenopathy from the Department of General Surgery Al Ameen medical college ,Vijayapura Karnataka. Results: Cervical Lymphadenopathy is more common below 30 years of age with 68.88%. Most of the patients of cervical lymphadenopathy in our study belong to the poor socio-economical class.Cases in this study presented with swelling in the cervical region, 214(51%). Conclusion: Tuberculous adenitis reactive lymphadenitis, Malignancy (primary and metastatic) & drugs were other causes responsible for cervical lymphadenopathy.

In the earth there are near about 350,000 species of plants are found & each plant have a great medicinal value. The plant vinca is also known as catharanthus, Sodafuli, periwinkle & barmasi & which is belong from the family of apocynacae. It produce very preety flower the flower of vinca is blue, purple & also white in colour. It produce late springly to summer & grown any where in the garden.The vinca plant is very useful across the world-wide & it can be cultivated in dry & nutitional condition. The plant is constituent with following chemical contituent but mainly two chemical contituent increase play a vital role in medicinal field vinblastine mainly used to treat Hodgkin lymphomus on the other hand vincristine used to treat childhood leukemices . Many time both chemical contituent cause toxic effect in our body such as bone,Narrow depression, anurexice Muscle weakness etc. The chemical contituent of vinca bind to the tubulin & prevent, the formation of microtubules & block the mithosis in meta phase. The vinca have lots of medicinal value such as Anti cancer drug, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial & anti-dysenteric.Anti cancer drug vinca can be given as targeted therapy & combination therapy & it is a class of cytoxic drug & have ability to inhibit the cancerous cell.

This study was carried out in the Botany and Biodiversity Laboratory in order to evaluate the biocidal effect of Gliricidia sepium leaf extracts on weeds for the improvement of millet production. Chemical pretreatments are performed on weed seeds that are unfit for germination. At the end of these tests, it appears that most weed species do not have problems of true dormancy; they are affected by an integumentary inhibition eliminated by pretreatment with water for 72 hours (Digitaria ciliaris, Eragrostis tremula, Mariscus squarrosus) or with concentrated sulfuric acid (Hibiscus asper, Indigofera astragalina, Indigofera hirsuta, Senna obtusifolia, Sesbania pachycarpa and Spermacoce chaetocephala) at varying lengths. Thus, these weed species (09) are retained for the study of the effect of leaf extracts of G. sepium. Extracts of leaves of G. sepium at different concentrations (2.5%, 5% and 10%) are prepared and tested on nine (09) weed species (Digitaria ciliaris, Eragrostis tremula, Hibiscus asper, Indigofera astragalina, Indigofera hirsuta, Mariscus squarrosus, Senna obtusifolia, Sesbania pachycarpa and Spermacoce chaetocephala) and Millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Treatments with G. sepium leaf extracts inhibit the germination capacity of all weed seeds at all tested concentrations, except for Senna obtusifolia, which has germination rates comparable to those of the control (96.67%). The treatments also delay the germination of the seeds of Eragrostis tremula, Mariscus squarrosus, Senna obtusifolia and Sesbania pachycarpa. The effects of treatments increase with concentration and are more pronounced at 10%. The extract of G. sepium at 10% prevents seed germination of Indigofera hirsuta and Spermacoce chaetocephala (TG = 0%). If the 10% leaf extract prevents seed germination of the weeds studied, it has very little effect on millet with germination rates ranging from 84 to 86.67% and average germination times in the vicinity of the control. (1, 19 days). As a result of these results, it appears that the extract of leaves of G. sepium at 10% could serve as a natural herbicide, effective and adapted to the cultivation of millet.

Background: Episiotomy is performed as one of the most common surgeries procedure to facilitate delivery and prevent complications of hard labor in both mother and her neonate. Routine episiotomy is a controversial issue among gynecologists. Objectives: To evaluate the controversial benefit of episiotomy by comparing planned episiotomy vs. planned non-episiotomy as regard to maternal and fetal outcomes during spontaneous vaginal delivery. Patients and methods: 400 pregnant women (primi & second gravidae), full term gestation were recruited from those attending delivery ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Al-Azhar university hospital in Assiut during the period started from January 2018 till August 2018 . Women were classified into 2 groups according to planned episiotomy (Group I =200 woman) or no episiotomy (Group II= 200 woman). Each group was assessed during the early postnatal period for fetal and maternal outcomes and throughout the duration of puerperium for evaluation of maternal morbidities. Results: In term pregnancies with spontaneous vaginal deliveries, the episiotomy group had more risk of physical and psychological morbidities than non-episiotomy group, however fetal outcomes were the same in both groups. Conclusion: Episiotomy is not essential or beneficial in every delivery, so it should not be a routine procedure during delivery and should be individualized according to obstetrician experience and maternal and/or fetal indications.

The purpose of this study was to identify the problems of educational investment in private primary school of Wolaita zone. The methodology used in this study was mixed method. Questionnaire and interview were used to collect data. Two school owners, 10 school principals, 11 town/woreda educational experts, 12-unit leaders and 64 teachers were included in the study. The result of the study indicated that factors that affect educational investment include lack of good governance at government investment offices, low supply of land, low access to credit, low level of supervisory support, and low supply of text-books by the government.. Hence it is recommended that private investors, education offices, investment office experts and financial institutions should work together to improve the currently declining interest of investors in the sub-sector.

The Gedeo, one of the enset-culture peoples of Southern Ethiopia, have their own traditional religious system that has different practices such as culturally enriched annual ceremonies and life time events. This study signals two major practices of the tradition, Fachi'e and Deraro. Filed work, interview and text review were used to collect data which are explained qualitatively. The Gedeo believe in Megeno, One Supreme God. Their religion is traditional in its practice, indigenous in its origin, and strongly linked with the natural environment. It has no written base and known associate founder. Fachi'e and Deraro are the major epitomized cultural festivities of the people. The former is related with a period of atonement that involves praying to Megeno to get protection of the people from epidemic disease and of their properties from natural disaster. Accompanied by the ceremony of purity performed around sacred rivers by the Woyyu, it is a sign of confession and source of ethics for the people and base for the long coexistence among themselves and with their neighbors. Deraro, on the other hand, is a period of happiness and good wish of prosperity and new-year to the people. Following coffee harvesting, various people gather at Michille Grissa to eventfully celebrate it. This thanksgiving festivity is another good platform to excel harmonious relationship among the people. Recognizing such icons of the people has immense contributions such as tourism development, harmonious relationship and environmental protection.

Muslim relation is a paramount aspect in the Republic of Tanzania based on the historical information that identifies the two religions as major. The study has described the debate around the proposed Islamic kadhi courts in the constitution of Tanzania and its impact on Christian- Muslim relations in Mwanza, Tanzania. The Muslim proposal of the inclusion of the Islamic kadhi courts into the Tanzanian constitution would cause a split of the country. The study focused on the following objectives; examined the history of Islamic kadhi courts in mainland Tanzania; second, explored perspectives around the debate on the proposed Islamic kadhi Courts and analyzed the impacts of Islamic kadhi courts in the constitution on Christian-Muslim Relations. The study was largely informed by the following reviewed literature; Chesworth and Kogelmann, eds. 2014, Jeppie, Moosa, and Roberts, 2010 and Naʻīm, ed. 2002 dealing with writings on Christian-Muslim relations from a wider perspective. The study was justified on the following grounds; enlightening readers on the impacts of the proposed of the Islamic kadhi courts in the constitution on Christian- Muslim Relations; exploring the knowledge gap that had been not done by other scholars on the impacts of the proposed Islamic kadhi courts on Christian- Muslim Relations. The research used a descriptive design employing both qualitative and quantitative approach. Data collection process was done using the questionnaire for quantitative data and, the interviews and Focus Group discussion for qualitative data. The findings were based on the objectives as follows; first, Islamic kadhi court was and still an entity considered to be a lawful guiding tool on Muslim social lives that covered the great social concerns on matters of divorce, marriage, inheritance and other day-day occurred disputes. Second, reasons for the inclusion of the kadhi court in the constitution were to uphold the faith and settling matters in the Islamic religion. Reasons against the move included; disunity amongst the citizens after the creation of the superiority and inferiority scene, struggle for power could tear apart the nation. Economically, the stability in the income and expenditure is controlled by power. The powerful religion is likely to obtain and use resources at the expense of others. Socially, the society will be divided on matters of marriage, interaction and general social cohesiveness; same to cultural and others. These and other reasons therefore impede the peaceful co-existence between the Muslims and Christians. In conclusion, there is need for the amicable stand to be reached as far as Muslim-Christian relation is concerned; the treatment offered to religions should be fair and equal without special focus, to avoid solving one problem yet creating another. The study recommended the following; first, the need to revisit the debate on the inclusion of the Islamic kadhi court back in history to understand its emergence and the role intended for. Second, the state should allow existing bodies to have regionally constituted documents to take care of their matters to avoid superiority and inferiority scenes. Finally, when handling religious matters they should not be done unfairly, selectively and under the influence of the political power.

Oil is a significant vitality asset. Change in global raw petroleum costs influences all parts of the economy. The conversion standard is one of the significant channels at the global unrefined petroleum cost stun to go to the genuine economy and monetary markets. The effect of universal raw petroleum value change on the swapping scale of oil-bringing in nations has pulled in increasingly more consideration. The US dollar is the primary receipt and settlement cash of the global oil showcase. The difference in the US dollar conversion scale will unavoidably influence the worldwide raw petroleum cost. By brushing the pertinent exemplary writing and ongoing writing, the connection between global unrefined petroleum costs and the swapping scale of oil-bringing in nations is examined.

This study empirically investigated the factors affecting the growth of micro and small enterprises in Dodola town. The types of research that was used under this study were descriptive and explanatory with quantitative and qualitative of research technique. The research design was cross sectional survey. The study used multi-stage sampling.From 169 micro and small enterprises, 119 of them were randomly selected. Primary data, through questionnaires, key-informant interview and focus group discussion, were collected from the sampled 119 micro and small enterprises from Dodola town. Sample was selected based on the list available from micro and small enterprises promotion bureau of the Dodola district. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Science. By using this software, analysis of variance was carried out to examine the variation in the growth of Micro and Small Enterprises related to the variation in each of the independent variables of the study. Pearson chi-square and t-test were used to identify factors that significantly affect the growth of MSEs using change in employment size since startup as a measure of firm growth in which about 90.8 percent of MSEs are found survival and the remaining 9.2 percent are at growing stage. In accordance with this study results, the variation in sex of the owner/manager, the age of the owner/ manager, type of business, form of business ownership, having customer networking, sound business plan, having formal or informal business association, access to market information, and availability of market demand for their products constitute enterprise’s most important assets for attaining Micro and Small Enterprises growthif growth is measured using change in employment size. They are an important factor in the growth of MSEs in the study area. Hence, government and non government organizations that are concerned with policy makers, unemployment reduction and poverty alleviation through the promotion and development of MSEs need to take these factors in to account to accomplish better result and increase the potential contribution of MSEs to the economic growth of the country.

Background: Impression techniques for complete denture fabrication have evolved considerably over decades. However, it needs to be assessed whether the retention provided by different techniques is adequate enough to establish them as an alternative to conventional techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retention of complete dentures fabricated using two different impression techniques like selective pressure and functional impression techniques both subjectively and objectively. Materials and methods: Maxillary dentures were fabricated for 10 edentulous patients using two different impression techniques. Each patient had two maxillary dentures and its retention was checked both subjectively and objectively. For subjective evaluation, a questionnaire was given and satisfaction level between the two dentures were compared. For objective evaluation, retention was measured using an instrument which uses the principle of class I pulley and a spring balance apparatus. During insertion, a metallic framework was attached at the centre of the denture using autopolymerising acrylic resin keeping it perpendicular to the occlusal plane of edentulous ridge. A small hook was engaged to the metal framework and weights were added on the spring balance. The weight at which both maxillary dentures dislodged was noted. The values were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The statistical analysis shows that the difference between modified functional impression and selective pressure is statistically significant (P< 0.05) in objective evaluation. But there was no significant difference in subjective evaluation of dentures. Conclusion: The two impression techniques yeilded adequately retentive dentures. However, retention of dentures fabricated from modified functional impression technique was better compared to selective pressure technique objectively.

17 yr old male having multiple hereditary exostos is was operated for large size tumour in left Calf 2yr back as it was restricting his knee joint mobility. Recently he was operated for massive growth around right hip and right scapula. Biopsy showed benign tumour. No complications regarding surgery and recurrence.

Background: Marginal and internal fit play an important role in determining the longevity of the restoration. Several fabrication techniques have evolved in recent times, but little emphasis was advised to the fit of the restoration. Purpose: The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the internal and marginal fit of Cobalt-Chromium copings fabricated by computer aided milling/computer aided designing, direct metal laser sintering and conventional casting method. Material and methods: A master metal Die was designed using CAD software and milled using Ni-Cr alloy. 3D printer was used to design a customized special tray for making impressions of master die. A total of 15 working dies were duplicated from the master metal die. The study included three groups of 15 samples in each. Group A copings were fabricated using conventional method, group B copings were fabricated using CAD/CAM procedure and group C included 15 copings fabricated using DMLS procedure. The silicone replica technique was used to measure the marginal and internal fit and these sections were visualized under stereomicroscope. Values were tabulated and statistical analysis was done using R- Software. The Kruskal Walis test was used to compare between groups. Results: Marginal and internal fit of all the groups were within the clinical acceptable range (˂120µm) and DMLS group showed least when compared to other groups. Conclusion: Both DMLS and CAD/CAM procedures resulted in producing lower discrepancies compared to Conventional group, however, further research and refinement in designing aspect is required in order to produce more precise restorations.

Objective: There are several methods to determine anteroposterior dysplasia but the reliability of the landmarks used have always been questioned as misleading factors may provide false results. Thus the objective of this article is to develop a new composite method, using stable landmarks, to assess the antero-posterior sagittal dysplasia. Material and methods: Lateral cephalograms of 1500 patientswere selected for study. Out of these based on exclusion and inclusion criteria,42 patients with class I , 42 patients with class II and 41 patients with class III were selected.10 angles were designed to evaluate the antero-posterior dysplasia and the values for each parameter was measured for each patient. The values were measured independently by two investigators. Cephalometric measurements were done by a trained orthodontist with more than 92% intra-rating agreement. Results: A new JS sagittal dysplasia indicator based on relatively stable landmarks, utilizing the S1-post surface of ramus, S2-mandibular plane angle and MNG angle can be used to evaluate the sagittal dysplasia. Conclusion: Patients with the JS sagittal dysplasia indicator values of 15.59 indicates Class I malocclusion, 7.99 indicates Class II malocclusion and -8.50 indicates Class III malocclusion. This new indicator can be used as an adjunct with various other parameters in evaluating the antero-posterior jaw relationship.

Background: Glaucoma is rising as a global health issue. Adherence to recommended medication is a challenge for patients and recognized as an essential component of the management of glaucoma. There are not enough data regarding factors associated with adherence to recommended glaucoma medication among patients with glaucoma in Sri Lanka. Therefore this study was conducted to determine factors associated with adherence to recommended glaucoma medications among patients with glaucoma at National Eye Hospital, Sri Lanka. Method:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among purposively selected patients (n=300) with glaucoma who admitted to the National Eye Hospital, during the study period. Data were collected using a pre-tested an interviewer-administered glaucoma medication self-efficacy scale questionnaire.Descriptive statistics were used. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee of KAATSU International University, and further permission was obtained from the National Eye Hospital. Results: Nearly half of the participants (50.7%,152)were Females. Most of them had glaucoma over 1-10 years and belong to ≥60 age group. Most of them(60.3%; 181) were adherent to the recommended medications, and 39.7 % (n=119) were non-adherent.There was a significant association between participants' lifestyle; medications instilled techniques (p <0.05), marital status (socio-demographic factor), and having other non-communicable diseases with adherence to the recommended glaucoma medications. Conclusion: Majority of the participants (94.3%; 283) had good glaucoma outcome expectations such as follow the clinic visits and continues the medications regularly. Participant's lifestyle, medication instilled techniques, socio-demographic factor (marital status) and other non-communicable diseases are associated factors to adherence of glaucoma medications. Appropriate patient education might positively affect the patient’s adherence to recommended glaucoma medications.

There have been many recent advances in airway management but still dental injuries remains one of the most common anesthesia related adverse events and cause for malpractice litigations against anesthesia providers. The precautions required for prevention of dental injuries are not always effective because these techniques involve contact and pressure exerted against maxillary anterior teeth. We describe a case of intubation using retromolar space in a case of panfacial fracture.

Background: Pediatric hemagioma is a benign vascular tumor and the most common tumor for children under one year. Since 2008, after the publication of C Labrèze and al., beta-blocker has become the reference treatment of all forms of infantil hemangioma. The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy and therapeutic tolerance of this beta-blocker in Malagasy children. Methods: We carried out a prospective descriptive study from 2008 till 2016 at the dermatology unit of Joseph Raseta Befelatanana Hospital Antananarivo. Our study considered all children aged less than fifteen years with infantile hemangioma and treated by oral propranolol. Results: In the 55 cases of pediatric hemangioma identified, there was a female predominance. Up to 73.5% of the patients carried a tuberous hemangioma; 70.5% of which with a facial localization. The mean duration of the treatment was 9.18 months with the dose of 2mg/kg/day. After the first month of treatment, a subsidence was observed in 25% of the cases and a paleness of the lesion in 74.28 %. After six months, 82.85% of the patients presented at the same time subsidence and paleness. No child presented serious side effects, demonstrating a good therapeutic tolerance. Conclusion: We can already say that based on its first use, Propranolol appears to be a promising treatment option of infantile hemangioma in Madagascar.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents as a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that can often demonstrate multisystem involvement. Since, immune-suppressive drugs are used in the treatment of this disease, it can possess an elevated risk of infection and delay healing. Moreover, damage to the salivary glands in this disease leads to reduced salivation. Together, these complications can be a primary concern in dental treatment procedures owing to inability to maintain oral hygiene and risk of implant failure. This is the first case report in literature to our knowledge and it represents a treatment option and procedure for immediate full mouth rehabilitation after extraction without raising flaps using basal cortical screw implant in a patient who was on corticosteroid for over 20 years as she was diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Since there are very few cases of SLE reported in literature with the use of oral implants, treating these patients can often pose a challenge.

Exercise is becoming a prescription for mental health issues due to its convenience and the fact that it can be done anywhere. Walking and running/jogging are the most popular exercises these days. But whether one is preferable to the other in terms of improving health has long been debated. Psychological well-being refers to one’s positive sense of subjective well-being. It taps six distinct aspects of human actualization: autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. The present study focused upon comparing Psychological Well Being of 200 daily Runners (100) and Walkers (100) of Pune City of age group 25-45 years. The research tool used for the study was “The Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being” developed by Spring in 2005 which measures six areas of psychological well-being. The sample was collected randomly through simple random sampling and data was analyzed using Mean, SD and Z test. One of the major inclusive criteria of the study was minimum 3 months of regular exercise (Walking or Running/jogging). Results revealed that Runners shows higher value of Psychological well being as compared to Walkers. This may be because running sharpens focus and improves mental stamina, by giving circulation a boost up and increasing the flow of blood to the brain. It also increases confidence. Although there is research both for and against the positive influence of exercise generally it has been linked to increases in mood, self esteem, positive body image, positive physical effect and a decrease in depression.

Housing and job adaptability are two crucial themes for the adaptability of the urban migrant population. The purpose of this paper is to assess the status and influencing factors of the job-housing balance of Muslim migrants in Lanzhou city of China in order to serve as a guide for their management of housing and employment as well as the planning and development of mixed-use neighborhoods that integrate both labor productivity and residential living. Based on 2009 and 2018 surveys as well as the big data statistics of the Lanzhou migrant population, this paper studied the job-housing balance relationship under the influence of commuting and the distribution of mosques through GIS kernel density and spatial analysis, Manhattan Distance and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation. The study found that: 1) Lanzhou Muslim migrants tend to be concentrated in two residential zones (the areas around Xiaoxihu and Miaotanzi), forming a relatively concentrated employment zone at Xiaoxihu-Yiwu Trade Centre and its neighboring areas. There was an increasing trend in the overall job-housing balance from 2009 to 2018, whereby the job-housing balance was rather high at the Xiaoxihu-Xiguanshizi stretch and the Yantan-Dongbushichang stretch in 2009 while the job-housing balance was rather high at the Xiaoxihu-Xiguanshizi stretch in 2018. 2) job-housing balance of Muslim Migrants under regular commuting conditions is met whereby there is a 2 km (or less) job-housing Manhattan Distance or a 20 minute (or less) walking commute from one’s residence to workplace. 3) With regards to the distribution of mosques, job-housing balance is met with any one of the following conditions: The job-housing balance index is between 0.8-1.0 whereby the residence, workplace and mosque are within a 500m distance (or less) from each other; the residence, workplace and mosque are between a 501-5000m distance from each other;the job-housing balance index is both between 0.8-1.0 whereby the residence, workplace and mosque are within a 20 to 30 minute commute from each other.

Assessment is the process of gathering data. The data provide a picture of a range of activities using different forms of assessment such as: pre-tests, observations, and examinations. Once these data are gathered, you can then evaluate the student’s performance. Evaluation, therefore, draws on one’s judgment to determine the overall value of an outcome based on the assessed data. It is in the decision-making process then, where we design ways to improve the recognized weaknesses, gaps, or deficiencies. The importance of documenting and analyzing students’ daily language experiences is not a new concept to teachers. Even as new parents we are constantly evaluating our own children’s language output and comparing what they say and do with language to the week before or the day before; we are continually aware of how much or how little they are learning once they start uttering words. Using formative assessment gives teachers a better understanding of their students’ language and content understanding that is not provided by standardized summative assessments, which typically can’t account for the language proficiency level an English language learner (ELL) has or the quality of his or her content instruction. As part of formative assessment practices, classroom teachers should consider using the following strategies to gauge students’ progress in both content and language: Observations of student language usage in speaking and writing, use of visuals to represent conceptual understanding, questioning: What types of questions do students ask about content and how they use language? observation checklists, student demonstrations and student participation in critical dialogues or conversations.

Introduction: Around the world, women have developed their own personal strategies to cope with menstruation. The issue of menstrual hygiene is inadequately acknowledged and has not received proper attention. Use of sanitary pads is essential practices to keep menstrual hygiene. Government launched ‘Amodini (happy girl child) Menstrual Health and Hygiene Programme’ on May 28, 2016. Under this project sanitary napkin vending machine and incinerator were installed in government schools and colleges. The project aimed at breaking menstrual taboos that jeopardize the health of millions of girls every day. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding use of sanitary napkin vending machine and incinerator among female students of selected govt. schools and colleges of district Faridkot. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study with Non-Experimental research design was conducted. 500 study subjects were chosen by convenience sampling. Structured Questionnaire, 5-point Likert Scale and Self-reported checklist were used to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding sanitary napkin vending machine and incinerator. Results: The results revealed that more than half i.e. 57.6% female students had adequate knowledge. 99.2% of female students had positive attitude and 0.8% had negative attitude. Practice of using sanitary napkin vending machine and incinerator was found to be as low as 2.8%. Majority of the study subjects did not use these machines. Conclusion: Hence it can be concluded that ‘Amodini Project’ did not achieve the desired goals of menstrual hygiene and safe disposal of menstrual waste.

Introduction: Absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. This means it uses light in the visible and adjacent ranges. Objective: Recently, studies are undertaken to design newer techniques for particle size enlargement such as spheronization, tumbling melt granulation, fluidized agglomeration, spherical crystallization etc. The basic aim of this project is to study and broaden the applications of spherical crystallization process, which not only enlarges the particle size but also changes the primary particle characteristics such as crystallinity, crystal form etc. Spherical crystallization, a novel particle design technique has been proved to improve the efficiency of the initial steps of the manufacturing operation. It combines the process of crystallization (design of primary particles) and agglomeration (design of secondary particles), and increases the added value of the product by endowing the primary and secondary particles with greater.Literature survey has revealed that, spherical crystallization has been attempted as an alternative to conventional granulation techniques to obtain the spherical agglomerates with improved tabletting properties but mainly for large dose drugs. The technique was also designed to sustain the drug release from the agglomerates (chlorpromazine hydrochloride), enhance process stability and economy (aspirin): In our laboratory, work on spherical crystallization was attempted by solvent change method for trimethoprim. The agglomerates obtained were evaluated for their tabulating properties. Result: Improvement and validation of two visible spectrophotometric methods applying BCG and DNFB as reagents for TMP determination in investigated formulations were successfully carried out. The near 100 % recoveries and low relative standard deviation values obtained, point to the suitability of the both modified and validated methods for determination of TMP in human and veterinary medicine. Discussion: It was concluded that the 1D spectroscopic method could be used for simultaneous determination of trimethoprim immediate-release oral dosage forms. This method could be used for the analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients in dissolution studies and for quality control purposes. The method is rapid, simple, and economic without the need of high cost investment.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive chronic disease, so the patients are disturbed burdened. A chronic care model is very needed in the form of educational efforts based on patient's empowerment. Objective: To identify the effect of empowerment-based education on improving the self-care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: the study used quasi-experimental with one group pretest-postest design. Fourty eight respondents were selected using consecutive sampling. COPD self-care questionnaire research instrument (COPDSC-C) has been tested for validity by 3 experts and the reliability of Cronbach Alpha self-care was 0.90. The data analysis were used frequency distribution and Wilcox on Signed Rank Test. Results: The self-care before intervention with adequate value category was 14.60% and with inadequate value category was 85.40%. The self-care after intervention had an adequate value of 95.80% and an inadequate value of 4.20%. There was a value of difference and increase of the patients' self-care between before and after the intervention of empowerment-based education with p value ˂ 0.05. Conclusion: Empowerment-based education intervention has an effect on the increasing self-care of patients with COPD.

L’horticulture urbaine et périurbaine au Sénégal constitue un levier important pour la sécurité alimentaire, la création d’emplois et de revenus, l’amélioration du cadre et de la qualité de vie dans les villes. Dans ce secteur, on note de plus en plus un développement important de la floriculture au Sénégal et en particulier dans la région de Dakar. Toutefois, dans le secteur floral et ornemental, 90% de ce marché évolue dans le secteur informel, ne pouvant pas par conséquent être pris en compte dans des statistiques. En effet, il est noté une importante prolifération des pépinières et jardins d’ornement avec comme seules préoccupations, la qualité ornementale ou la valeur économique des plantes cultivées. Objectif : C’est dans cette optique que cette étude a été entreprise pour caractériser les exploitations florales. Elle se propose d’analyser la liste globale des pépinières, et de déterminer les caractéristiques des exploitations horticoles recensées lors de l’enquête. Méthodologie et résultats : Pour la réalisation de cette étudee, il a été élaboré un questionnaire renseignant sur les caractéristiques de chaque site de production de plantes ornementales. Méthodologie et résultats : Pour la réalisation de cette étudee, il a été élaboré un questionnaire renseignant sur les caractéristiques de chaque site de production de plantes ornementales. Au total, un échantillon 84 producteurs a été enquêté. Les résultats de cette étude ont permis de recenser 516 sites de production horticoles répartis dans 16 communes. La banlieue regroupe 28,10% des sites de production contre 71,9% pour la ville de Dakar. Concernant le statut des exploitations, il apparait que seulement 15,48% des stations ont un statut juridique légalement défini : il s’agit des Associations (10,71%), des GIE (3,57%) et des Entreprises (1,79%). Quant à l’étude de la répartition par sexe, les résultats ont montré que 98,81% des exploitants sont de sexe masculin. Par ailleurs, 82,14% des exploitants enquêtés appartiennent à l’ethnie sérère. Pour la qualification des exploitants, il apparait que seuls 23,81% des enquêtés ont suivi une formation en horticulture. En ce qui concerne l’analyse des sources d’irrigation, il apparait que le robinet demeure pour 35,71% des exploitants enquêtés, la source d’irrigation la plus utilisée contre, 33,33% pour le puits. Quant à la répartition des exploitations selon le mode d’occupation des terres, les résultats ont montré que l’emprunt est le mode d’occupation le plus connu avec 78,57% de citations. L’analyse des intrants a montré que 12 pesticides, appartenant à six (6) familles chimiques ont été recensés. Et que le methomyl est la matière active la plus recherchée avec 32,74% de citations, suivi du diméthoate (19,64%) et du malathion (16,07%).

The evolution of bacterial population size in the rhizosphere of maize through amendment with different organic materials from gliricidia plants was investigated. Greenhouse experiments were consecutively conducted for gliricidia biomass production and maize growth in Niayes zone soil. The plate count methods allowed estimation of rhizobacterial abundance in soil sampled from maize root systems. The density of two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) groups, mainly phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and fluorescent pseudomonads, was markedly affected by organic amendment. A positive rhizospheric effect of cultivated maize was observed on each rhizobacterial population investigated. Application of organic amendment allowed to get the highest PSB and pseudomonad abundance in maize rhizospheric soil which were estimated at log 5.76 and log 6.08 respectively. However, the nature of plant material used as green manure, did not influence neither abundance of PSB nor fluorescent pseudomonads in the rhizosphrere of maize.

Cerebral venous thromboembolism is a rare cerebrovascular disorder reported in acute promyelocytic leukemia, witch is more known for bleeding complications as the leading cause of early mortality. We report a case of 28 years old Moroccan woman, diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis as an initial presentation of acute promyelocytic leukemia. As soon as the diagnostic was made, treatment by all trans retinoic acid combined to conventional chemotherapy concomitant to systemic anticoagulation were started. This combination of treatment was sufficient to obtain complete remission and led to a complete disappearance of the thrombosis as well as the neurological signs without squeal. This case highlights the importance of a rigorous and complete investigation that some thromboembolic events call for.