January 2019

This paper presents the findings on the development of key attributes that form the local community’s perceived impacts scale of ecotourism development in Tasik Kenyir, Malaysia. The study was guided by the specific objective: to develop a measurement scale that captures the local community’s perceived impacts on ecotourism development in Tasik Kenyir. Attributes from previous researches on perceptions of local community towards ecotourism impacts were combined with newly found factors obtained through initial exploratory investigation on the local community to produce a new set of measurement scale. Questionnaires were distributed to 260 heads of household in three villages in Tasik Kenyir. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to reduce the 46 attributes on perceptions of the communities. The findings of the study indicate that 25attributesare identified to have significant relations on the local community’s perceived impacts scale in ecotourism development; that selected attributes are regrouped into 7 factors. These factors account for 68% of the variances in the data set. The findings of this study can be used to conduct further studies on empowerment of communities in ecotourism development.

Poor solubility characteristics of curcumin limits its biological application though it possess various activities such as antioxidant, anti inflammatory, antifungal , antibacterial. This study describes the development of the curcumin loaded nano structured lipid carriers for the enhancement of solubility of the curcumin. Particle size is found to be 153.8 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.234 and entrapment efficiency 91.86± 12 and zeta potential 31.1 Mv. Besides the solubility enhancement and increased in vitro dissolution of the nlcs as compaired to drug curcumin is observed. The results of this study promises the curcumin nlcs enhance the drug solubility as well as biloavailability.

Rapidly increasing population and industrialization, pollution of the earth's atmosphere, underground and aboveground sources, chemicals that are added to and accumulated in the consumables, unnecessary and overuse of medical drugs disrupt human health, adversely affect the quality of life and shorten life-expectancy. In recent years, societies, with the effect of the research done on the usefulness of the foods they have found tasty, have started to enrich their diets with fruit species that will protect them from harmful environmental conditions and substances and help them to control and stop these harmful effects and have raised their awareness of natural diet and quality life. This awareness has lead peoples of the world to the consumption of particular fruit species. These fruits are popular fruits. It is possible to define the popular fruit species in the world as fruit species which are known by the majority of the world nations, which are appealing to their tastes, which are produced by many countries in the world and which have the greatest amount of production and export. In the current study, it is aimed to determine which fruit species are popular and are in the way of becoming popular, their features and the reasons that make these fruit species popular; thus, to reveal their spreading patterns and potentials.

AIMS To study the uniqueness of Premature coronary artery disease in Indians with respect to clinical behaviour, risk factor profile, and treatment response. METHODS Registered under Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2018/03/012544). This is a Prospective Multisite Descriptive Observational study of young Indians (≤ 40yrs) with CAD from index admission till 5yrs follow-up. The clinical presentation, line of management, angiographic profile, Hospital course, and clinical follow up for next 5yrs will be documented All patients will be provided Integrated cardiology care starting at hospital admission and continued during follow up. CONCLUSION Findings may be used to form risk-prediction models for young Indians and provide longitudinal clinical follow-up data of long-term outcomes of different treatment strategies

The Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), is primarily bounded to the north-eastern parts of India. Formerly the animal dwelled along the Gangetic plains but now more than 70% of the Indian Rhino population is mainly confined to Assam. Kaziranga National Park, being the largest protected site and home for Indian Rhino in Assam, witnessed terrifying poaching cases in the early years, despite its top-notch security. A distressing sum of 239 Indian Rhinos were killed by poachers from the year 2001 to 2016 due to which the Indian Rhinoceros fell into the category of vulnerable species. Rhino horn is usually considered as an aphrodisiac in the neighbouring countries and could fetch a large sum of money from the international black markets. Beside the poaching cases, many Rhinos get drowned in the yearly floods occurring in Assam almost every year after the monsoons. Assam government took many rigid steps for safeguarding the Rhinos such as appointing more forest guards, setting up surveillance cameras, creating special task forces and joining hands with IRF and IRV 2020 for translocation of Rhinos to safer places. As a result of the rigorous conservation practices, the Rhino count saw an uplift of 2413 Rhinos in Kaziranga National Park in the year 2018. Now Assam counts for 2645 Rhinos, with Kaziranga National Park holding highest number of the animal followed by Manas National Park, Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary and Orang National Park.

This study was conducted in northern Côte d’Ivoire to investigate pig gastrointestinal parasites infections. For this purpose, a total of 210 faecal samples were collected from 5 localities of Korhogo’s department to inventory gastrointestinal parasites species and to determine their infections prevalences taking account risk factors as sex, age group and locality. Out of 210 faecal samples, 75 animals were found to be positive with various gastrointestinal parasites infections contributing an overall prevalence of 35.71%. The results revealed that eight parasites taxa were prevalent during the study period including Hyostrongylus rubidus (17.14%), Globocephalus urosubulatus (10%), Eimeria sp (8.10%), Ascaris suum (6.13%), Strongyloides spp (3.33%), Oesophagostomum dentatum (3.33%), Stephanurus dentatus (2.38%) and Trichuris spp (1.43%). Among sampling localities, the highest overall pigs gastrointestinal infection prevalence (44.44%) was observed in Tioro subprefecture while the lowest (27.66%) were noticed in Sohouo’s one. Those results showed that Gastro-intestinal parasites are widely spread in the studied areas of Korhogo region during dry season.

Candesartan (CV-11974) is the active compound of the prodrug candesartan cilexetil (TCV-116) used in treatment of hypertension by selective blockade of Angiotensin II receptors and thus inhibits the effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system. Chemical modification of the hit compound (CV-11194) yielded the lead compound (CV-11974) which passed through series of in vitro and in vivo studies successfully. The preclinical studies of CV-11974 and its prodrug shown that it was safe and did not cause serious adverse effects therefore TCV-116 was eligible for clinical trials which was firstly done in healthy individuals then involved wider group of patients with different cardiovascular conditions.

Personality has become a major focus in organizational research, leadership development, derailment, and particularly employee selection. All pharmacists are not possessing personalities that are favorable to field being practiced and may not perform their best in and ultimately fail to perform their expected role in health care system. The present study was designed to assess the relationship between personality traits and job performance of pharmacists working in different fields in twin cities of Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Sample size was calculated to be 382 pharmacists to achieve 95% confidence level with 5% margin of error. A pre-validated data collection tool Big Five Inventory questionnaire was self-administered to the respondents while the performance of these 382 selected respondents was evaluated by using Performance Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) requested to be filled by their respective reporting managers. After data collection, data was cleaned, coded and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results showed that relationship exists between all personality traits including extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, consciousness and openness with job performance. The present study concluded that a significant association exists between personality traits and job performance among pharmacists in Pakistan. Although, neuroticism a negative trait was found high among pharmacists but it was encouraging to notice that pharmacists also possessed positive traits including extraversion, consciousness and openness in their personality which was reflected as their good performance.

Background: According to World health Organization (WHO) Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity. Rajyoga Meditation is a simple and scientific technique to elicit physical and mental relaxation response to change one’s attitude and transform life style. Regular practice of it brings transformation in overall wellbeing of individuals. Aim: This study is aimed at to evaluate the outcome of Rajyoga Meditation on the wellbeing status of individuals practicing Rajyoga Meditation in selected Certified Rajyoga Meditation centers of Punjab. Methods: A quantitative research approach, non experimental exploratory research design was used to evaluate wellbeing status of 150 individuals attending certified Rajyoga Meditation centers of Punjab were selected for this study with Multi- stage sampling technique by using Standardized Singh &Gupta Well-being scale. Results: The study results depicted that out of 150 individuals practicing Rajyoga meditation at certified Rajyoga meditation centers i.e 134 (89.3%) have high level of wellbeing status with mean score of 203.13 and SD 19.73 followed by 16(10.7%) have average level of Wellbeing and Level of Well-being status was significantly (p<0.05) associated with selected demographic variables such as Duration of practice of Rajyoga meditation and shift of practice of Rajyoga meditation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Individuals attending Rajyoga meditation at certified Rajyoga meditation centers have high wellbeing status.

Many people suffer and demise from chronic, recurrent, drug-resistant or biofilm-developing infections such as leishmaniasis, colitis and carcinogenesis throughout the globe annually. Despite the progress in medical treatment, drug resistance, adverse side effects, inadequate therapeutic index, poor bioavailability, insolubility and toxicity have hampered the disease curing process. Recently, nanotechnology-based metal nanoparticles have emerged as nanomedicine for the treatment of various diseases. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), owing to their unique photocatalytic characteristics, high chemical stability, excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity have attracted interest for disease-treatment. TiO2 NPs generally acts through metal ions liberation inducing oxidative and non-oxidative damages of the infected cells and micro-organisms. The attachments of pharmaceutics and ligands to TiO2 NPs may improve their targeted delivery to specific sites for sustained release of active ingredients with insignificant side-toxicity overcoming the biological barriers. The review focuses TiO2 NPs for the consideration as delivery system in combating diseases.

Contamination of insecticides of different groups were evaluated in the fish species Mystus seenghala in Kharun river (near Atari village Nandanvan Raipur), Chherikheri pond (rural pond) and Navagaon pond (urban pond) of Raipur district collected during the two years months of March to June 2017 and March to June 2018. Sample collection time is 6.00 am. The fish organs- gills, brain, stomach, intestine and gonads from fish were carefully dissected for determination of insecticides. The insecticidal residues were analyzed by using AAS (atomic absorption spectrophotometer). The selected fish organs of the Mystus seenghala insecticides are not detected.

Investigations were carried out to ascertain the prevalence of Salmonella species in raw chicken and quail eggs isolated from selected farms in Jos Plateau state. One hundred and eighty egg samples each from chicken and quail were randomly collected from five poultry farms from the three Local Government Areas namely, Jos north. Jos south, and Jos east making a total of 360 samples. Samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella species using standard microbiological techniques. Isolates were confirmed phenotypically using biochemical characterization. Results showed that out of the 360 samples, only 3(1.7%) were positive for Salmonella species from chicken eggs. Negative result for Salmonella species from quail eggs was recorded. There was no significant difference of Salmonella species among quail and chicken eggs sampled. Results from five farms in Jos South LGA showed among the different locations sampled, Bukuru and Zawan were the only locations that recorded the prevalence of Salmonella species, with 1(8.3%) and 2(16.7%) respectively in Chicken eggs. Quail eggs recorded a prevalence of 0(0.0%) among all the locations sampled. From the egg shell and egg contents sampled, chicken eggs recorded a prevalence of 3(1.7%) from the egg shell and 0(0.0%) from the egg contents. Quail eggs recorded a prevalence of 0(0.0%) from both the egg content and shell. There was no significant difference between prevalence of Salmonella species isolated from quail and chicken eggs sampled. Infections caused by Salmonella species is of great public health importance. Adequate measures should be taken to eliminate Salmonella in Poultry products so that infections arising from contamination of poultry products with this organism will be reduced to a minimal level.

The study was conducted to find the effects of different evaluation strategies – Multiple Choice Test, Constructive Response Test, and no test given to the three group of students. It also tried to find if there is difference in the performance of students given the three different evaluation strategies. It further discovered if there is difference between the pretest and posttest of each group as well as the difference in the posttest results of the three different groups. Experimental research design was utilized. Purposive sampling was used to determine the subjects who were purposively assigned to the three groups exposed to the three different evaluation strategies based on their midterm grades. Statistics showed that there was no significant difference in the pretest result of the three groups, implying that at the beginning of the study, members of each groups have more or less similar level of readiness. It further revealed that there was significant difference on the posttest results of the three different groups implying that there was a significant effect in the performance of students based on how they were evaluated during the classroom discussion.

Early childhood caries (ECC) causes premature loss of primary maxillary anterior teeth that hampers the child’s growth and adversely affects psychology. Aesthetic restoration of the lost primary tooth aids in speech, mastication and in overall well being of the child. Fixed functional space maintainers, Groper’s appliance does not need the cooperation of the child patient and hence more successful in maintaining the aesthetics as well as preserving the arch length. Minimum amount of palatal coverage by the appliance also increases its acceptance. The main purpose of the article was to restore the speech and appearance of a 4 year old child due to aesthetic rehabilitation of maxillary anterior teeth thereby restoring the confidence

Background: Pain post caesarean is discomforting and drives the mothers to seek help. It would be useful to know if any change in surgical technique could have effect on the post-operative pain which affects the woman’s activities. Hence, the study was undertaken to note the difference in postoperative pain on performing lower segment caesarean section by Pfannensteil Kerr and Misgav Ladach method. Method: It was an interventional study done over one year in a tertiary care hospital. Detailed history, investigations, operative details and postoperative pain was recorded and analysed. Results: Women in the Pfannensteil Kerr method group had more postoperative pain P value was highly significant at 2 h (<0.001), 8h (P<0.001), 16h (P<0.001), 24h (P=0.014) and 32h (P=0.005), 40 hour (P=0.027) and 48h (P=0.032).Conclusion: Misgav Ladach method was a better technique than Pfannensteil Kerr in terms of postoperative pain and comfort. Hence, it results in considerable reduction in maternal morbidity and better patient satisfaction level and thus should be the preferred method to perform caesarean section.

White spot lesions or enamel demineralization around fixed orthodontic attachments affect the esthetic outcome of a successfully completed orthodontic case. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence regarding evaluation, prevention and treatment of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients and to provide clinical recommendations useful for both the general dentist and the orthodontist. Apart from routine oral hygiene instructions additional measures including fluoride varnish, xylitol chewing gum, chlorhexidine mouth rinse, dietary modifications and calcium containing remineralisation products are effective in the prevention and treatment of white spot lesions. Treatment of white spot lesions can range from the most conservative to the most aggressive procedures involving tooth reduction and porcelain veneers.

Background: ADHD is a neuro-developmental childhood disorder that is characterized by three core symptoms; inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity 1. ADHD has been diagnosing and treating in Nepal, but we have no valid ADHD diagnostic tool to fit Nepalese culture and language till date. Current study is intended to develop and validate the ADHD scale for children in Nepal. So, initially pilot study was done as a part of tool development and validation. Methods: Items generation, scale development and scale evaluation were the three consecutive steps followed to develop and validate the scale. Pilot study was done for items clarity, assessing content validity and sampling adequacy. The total pilot study sample included 202 participants i.e.60 parents of ADHD children, 40 mental health professionals and 102 parents of school aged children from general population (GP). Results: The investigators developed an ADHD diagnostic scale with 21 items to diagnose ADHD for Nepalese children. It has been developed in Nepalese culture and Language. Pilot testing revealed strong content validity. Three sub-scales (Inattention, Impulsivity and Hyperactivity) were identified by using Principal Axis Factor Analysis. Sampling adequacy for factor analysis was tested by using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) analysis which indicated that minimum of 100 sample was adequate for this study. Conclusions: The pilot study explored the feasibility of the development of proposed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic scale to fit in Nepalese cultural context and language.

The used of world wide web and social media platforms in Saudi Arabia is in sky rocketing and one of these many areas of research, readings and sharing is in the field of medical information for awareness, education and services. Such experience has contributed to the development of social phenomenon specifically on the behavioral dynamics among Saudis. The internet became a significant tool in shaping medical education and research development among Saudi in seeking medical information to provide them substantial data on their study is a behavioral indicator. It definitely affected their mental, emotional and physical wellbeing as far as education is concern. The public is making use of internet to educate them of possible medical services that they can avail; it may be in the form of health insurance, hospital services and medical consultations. This area form part of the growing social phenomenon among Saudi that describes their behavioral dynamics towards health services in the country and abroad. This paper is like a compendium of researches and discovered that the substantial amount of data is concentrated on the application of health sciences but the areas of medical psychology (behavior) and health services is neglected.

Aims: Thrombolysis and anticoagulation were the main treatment methods for acute pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulation therapy is recommended in the guidelines for patients with intermediate-low and low-risk PE, and emergency thrombolysis is recommended for high-risk or massive PE, in order to stabilize hemodynamics and reduce early mortality. Warfarin has been the anticoagulant of choice for pulmonary embolismHowever, there remains controversy about the treatment of acute intermediate-high-risk PE.Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are increasingly used as an alternative. The study was aimed at assessing efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after thrombolysis versus warfarin treatment on echocardiographic parameters and clinical outcome during hospitalization and in six mounth after admission, in patients with acute intermediate-high-Risk Pulmonary Embolism. Although the use of thrombolysis has been investigated in these patients, anticoagulation remains the standard treatment approach. Rivaroxaban and apixaban have shown similar efficacy and, in some cases, reduced major bleeding compared with standard approaches for acute treatment. The direct oral anticoagulants do not require regular coagulation monitoring. Methods: Consecutive patients (study court: age 42-85 years), with a episode acute pulmonary embolism,with onset of symptoms since no more than 6 hours, normal blood pressure ( >95 mmHg), right ventricle dysfunction (RVD) at echocardiography and positive lung spiral CT were in double blind fashion randomized: a group received 100 mg of alteplase (10-mg bolus, followed by a 90-mg i.v. infusion over a period of 2 hours) and warfarin after 48-72 h in according with INR target , and a group received 100 mg of alteplase (10-mg bolus, followed by a 90-mg i.v. infusion over a period of 2 hours) and NOACs (rivaroxaban or apixaban on randomization 1:1) after 48-72 h. In addition to alteplase , both groups received unfractionated heparin treatment for 48 h. Echocardiogram was performed at entry and 48 or 72, discharge and 6 months after randomization. Results: 44 patients were included in the study, 22 assigned to warfarin and 22 to NAOCs. The 2 groups were well matched with regard to features and clinical presentation. NAOCs group showed an safety and a reduction in clinical events during hospitalization and follow up was also observed. Conclusions: Our data suggest that NOACs after thrombolysis a favorable trend in clinical outcome and could merit consideration in patients with acute intermediate-high-Risk Pulmonary Embolism. The new anticoagulation have been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism when given for 6 months. This use after thrombolysis, at this time, is off‑label and should could be considered and included in the new guidelines.

Introduction: There is variation in the in vitro efficiency of antibacterial agents against bacterial pathogens causing conjunctivitis. Thus, the current trends in the aetiology of conjunctivitis and its antimicrobial susceptibility must be updated to make a rational choice of initial antibiotic therapy. The study aim to identify bacteria causing conjunctivitis in children less than 2 years age and to analyse their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Method: A study was conducted among 40 patients with conjunctivitis less than 2 years of age. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Conjunctival swabs were collected using sterile swabs; gram staining was done and inoculated on MacConkey’s agar, chocolate agar and blood agar culture media. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was determined. Result: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae amounted to 90%. Overall 90% were susceptible to gentamicin, 80-85% to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Conclusion: Coagulase positive staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent bacteria isolated from the conjunctiva of the patient and most of them sensitive to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones.

Context: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a special form of diabetes mellitus (DM) that begins or is first detected during pregnancy. Periodontal disease has been found as a risk factor for different systemic conditions, among which DM has been widely studied. Though some studies show the association between periodontal disease and GDM, others fail to observe such correlations. Aims: The present study was planned to determine the association of maternal periodontal disease and GDM. Methods: The study comprised of 40 pregnant women, of which 20 were cases and 20 were controls. All subjects underwent a laboratory screening test for GDM between 24 to 30 weeks of gestation based on the recommendation of the Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group A (control) and Group B (case) based on the blood glucose level of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), as per the criteria of ADA (2004). For the periodontal status, a full mouth periodontal examination was performed assessing the gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), relative attachment level (RAL) and plaque index (PI) using a UNC -15 probe by a single examiner who was blinded on the diabetic status of the pregnant women. To compare the means, student’s t-test was performed. Results: GI score in women with GDM was 2.60  0.66 (range 1.05 - 3.00) whereas those without GDM 1.94  0.77 (range 1.07 - 3.00), (p<0.01). The mean PPD of control group was 2.50 ± 0.70 (range 1.38 - 3.71) mm and of case group was 3.91 ± 0.96 (range 2.42 - 5.05) mm; (p<0.001). The mean RAL of control group was 8.23 ± 1.83 (range 3.57 - 11.14) mm and of case group was 9.82  0.76 (range 8.71 - 11.25) mm; (p<0.01). The mean PI of control group was 1.42 ± 0.48 (range 0.69 - 1.97) and in case group was 2.09  0.90 (range 0.04 - 2.63); (p<0.001). Conclusions: GI, PI, PPD and RAL were more in subjects with GDM than those without GDM. Hence, GDM is associated with periodontal disease.

Objectives: The main aims of study were to compare toxicity profile of IMRT with conventional Radiotherapy (2D RT) in head and neck cancer. Methods: The Study was a prospective one in which we included Eligible patients known case of head and neck cancer like oral cavity, nasopharaynx, oropharaynx, and hypopharyanx to received either definitive chemoradiation alone or adjuvant. Eligible patients in conventional group randomized to receive radiotherapy with parallel opposed lateral fields and one direct anterior lower neck. In IMRT group patients received either 7 fields or 5 fields or parotid sparing radiation. Patients Toxicity pattern (grades of mucositis, skin reaction, xerostomia, odynophagia) of both groups was noted down. Toxicity of Radio-Therapy (RT) developing within 90 days and more than 90 days from the beginning of RT assessed according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria. Results: A total of 30 patients were available for the analysis, 15 patients were in conventional group and 15 were in IMRT group. Patients who developed toxicity was compared both groups. Acute toxicity as well as late toxicity is concern in present study, it has been found that in conventional group toxicity is more common other than skin toxicity as compared to IMRT group. Conclusion: Although for some side-effects, the benefit of IMRT on conventional RT cannot be easily proven, the majority and present study show a reduction in toxicity when using IMRT in head and neck cancer. IMRT should be used in all head and neck cancer patients, in order to try to reduce the devastating side effects. Continuous prospective data collection on toxicity and outcome will provide us more data in the future, supporting this technological progress.

A study was conducted to assess the dietary intake of 300 women of Nanded district of Marathawada region of Maharashtra state. Socio-economic status was assessed pre tested questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed by 24 hour recall method. Nutrient intake was calculated on the basis of food intake. Percent adequacy of food and nutrient intake was calculating using RDA. The study revealed that majority of women were joint families in (52.33 percent). More percent of families were vegetarian 64.33 percent. Maximum women were belonging to income group 10,000-15,000/- per month. The mean food intake of i.e. cereals, pulses, green leafy vegetables, root and tubers, other vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products, fats and oil and sugar and jaggary was ranged between 277.58±25.80 to 290.64±63.00, 38.29±9.97 to 41.22±9.12, 20.15±13.2 to 30.85±13.27, 21.47±8.09 to 22.52±9.33, 39.38±15.13 to 40.86±14.04, 2.46±8.48 to 11.16±14.64, 57.5±14.87 to 68.87±17.82, 17.26±2.74 to 20.33±1.21 and 20.00±00 to 20.45±1.43 respectively. Fruits intake was very low than the other food groups. Percent adequacy was more in cereals and sugar and jaggary (77.10 to 88.73 and 80.00 to 81.92 percent). Whereas minimum percent adequacy was noted for fruits 2.46 and 3.10 percent among both the group. Whereas mean intake of different nutrients were energy (1975.23±222.18 to 2053.11±164.27), protein (44.99±4.89 to 46.84±6.70), fat (24.26±8.87 to 35.30±11.65), β-carotene (1422.85±637.59 to 1553.13±931.03), ascorbic acid (36.97±6.02 to 39.10±6.93), calcium (390.79±83.07 to 441.22±61.93) and iron (19.78±2.06 to 21.34±61.96) respectively. Percent adequacy for iron, fat, ascorbic acid and energy showed in the ranged of 89.97 to 99.76 percent. Lowest percent adequacy was reported by β-carotene that is 30.13 to 31.85 percent.

In today’s tourism and hospitality business, training and developing tourism students’ for management role has been the focus of many institutions of higher learning. With explosion and competitive related course for the past several decades, the importance of tourism and hospitality landscape cannot be overemphasized. The purpose of this research is to explore the assessment of student’s perspective on recent campus job fair and its effectiveness. The data on this qualitative study was based on the information gathered from the five participants who took part in the study.

This study is proposed to explore, inspect, scrutinize, and discuss about how the home environment can be very effective and crucial in the improvement of youngsters’ literacy proficiencies. In effect, this study is planned to shed light on the impact of home environment on the children’s literacy development. To achieve the aim of the study, some of the principal subjects, topics, theories, and points which can be connected to the objective of article are introduced, clarified, and discussed. Afterword, they are followed by a precise discussion and conclusion. On the whole, this paper attempts to highlight the importance of the home setting on the youngsters’ literacy improvement. For the most part, this article detects and uncovers the gains and advantages of the issue, or to be more precise, it tries to illuminate the consequences and advantages that the mentioned setting can have for the development of youngsters’ literacy proficiencies. The findings highlight the significance of the home setting on the children’s literacy improvement as well as the benefits which this context can make in children’s education.

Variation in language-use exists in everyday interactions and in all societies. This variation is real and cannot be overlooked. It is worth noting that this variation is systematic, i.e. it is done intentionally and to serve particular purposes. Status, solidarity, authority, power, control, and hegemony are goals served by language use. They are established and inculcated through economic and military supremacy and other formal governmental institutions. In referring to language-use as discourse, discourse is preferably perceived as a form of social practice and as a carrier of ideology. Viewing language-use as social practice implies, first, that it is a mode of action (Austin, 1962; Levinson, 1983) and, secondly, that it is always a socially and historically situated mode of action, in a dialectical relationship with other facets of 'the social' --it is socially shaped, but it is also socially shaping, or constitutive, Fairclough (1993). This paper argues that president Donald Trump’s political and diplomatic capabilities are euphemized in a form of entrepreneurial and hegemonic discourse. In his repertoire, the language of threat, the romanticizing of military actions, jingoism, and falsification of historical events function to divert public attention away from his lack of knowledge of foreign policy.

Hanoi zoo is a place to display animal species serving the people and foreigners to visit, play and entertain. At the same time, the zoo is also a place for scientific research into animals, contributing to the preservation and education of the preservation of the natural environment. The zoo has been constantly upgraded and renovated to meet the needs of entertainment, education for people both of the capital and the country. With the number of millions of visitors every year, it is said that the park is attractive and effective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the parasite infection in the monkeys at Hanoi zoo and integrate these results for biological teaching in secondary school students in Hanoi. 48 fresh fecal samples were collected from six primate species and examined using Willis method, as a standard parasitological technique. There were 28 samples infected with parasites, accounting for 58.3%. The prevalence of parasitic infections in adult females (67.9%) was higher than that of adult males (44.4%). Results showed that there were three genera of parasites such as Trichuris, Strongyloides and Entamoeba. The hookworm was found only in Macaca fascicularis and mild infection. Six study species were infected by Entamoeba protozoa. It could be concluded that, there was gastrointestinal parasite infection among six species of Cercopithecidae family examined in Hanoi zoo. With the research results obtained, we integrated into biological teaching for some secondary school students in Hanoi to raise awareness of environmental protection at Hanoi zoo as recommended some solutions for visitors.

This study aimed to provide those interested, details about a new method of improving the quality of life by relieving the back pain. For this purpose, we combined several physical and technological methods. In parallel with the implementation of certain evaluation tests regarding the back pain and the quality of life (Visual Analogue Scale and Nottingham Health Profile) we used specific gymnastics techniques in combination with solutions offered by two devices of great complexity (Ceragem Massage Bed and Mind Sinergy). There is a significant relationship (r = -0.71%) between the first evaluations. We proved that the pain, at any level, has a direct effect with significant impact on the quality of life. We studied eleven subjects over a period of twenty months, and we noticed a visible improvement in the quality of their life, due to the significant amelioration of the existing back pain. Respiratory gymnastics, correctly applied and simple exercises like "homework" had a decisive contribution in the effectiveness of the application of this innovative method.

Background: There is still debate about the effects of daylight saving time (DST) on both energy saving and social activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of extension of DST on the frequency of road traffic accidents. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study involved 1.548 road traffic accident patients who were referred to emergency departments from December 2015 to February 2016, and from December 2016 to February 2017. The type and time of the accident, as well as the demographic characteristics of the patients involved, were recorded. Results: A total of 1.548 patients, comprising 1.071 (69.2%) males and 477 (30.8%) females, were enrolled in the present study. There were no significant differences in the number of road traffic accidents according to DST (p > 0.05). Of the patients, 773 (49.9%) were referred due to a motor vehicle accident, 554 (35.8%) due to a motor vehicle-pedestrian accident, and 221 (14.3%) due to a motorcycle accident. Conclusions: We conclude that DST had no effect on the frequency of road traffic accidents.

Introduction: Infected wounds irrespective of their location are such a burden to the patient and the healthcare which is beyond any description we can make. Presence of infection is a complex problem especially in extremities, which leads to spectrum of complications such as soft tissue loss, exposure of sensitive structures like tendons, nerves, bones etc and even amputation. Infections have always been a matter of worry for the surgeons and especially orthopedicians. Wound healing process can be at times complicated by infections resulting in prolonged hospitalization and even death. Negative pressure therapy was described in 1993 by Fleishmann et al, and was then introduced in clinical setting in 1997 by Argenta and Morykwas. It is currently a preferred method of wound management especially in infected wounds, diabetic foot ulcers etc due to its ability to reduce healing time, promotes wound healing, wound bed preparation for skin grafting, reduction of bacterial load and early development of granulation tissue by angiogenic stimulation etc. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome and benefits of negative pressure therapy (NPWT) in patients with infected wounds of lower limbs. Methods: After taking proper clearance from the hospital’s ethical committee data records of 30 patients (mean age 49 yrs (18-80 yrs), 25 Males and 5 Females) treated at Govt. Medical College for infected wounds of lower limbs using negative pressure therapy during the time period of 1 year (1st September 2017 to 31st August 2018) were taken for analysis. This is a retrospective study and after analyzing the hospital records a final inference was made regarding final outcome and presented in suitable tabular and descriptive form. The negative pressure therapy (NPWT) was applied to the infected wound after proper Wound wash and debridement, in continuous mode for 5 days with a negative pressure between 50 to 200 mmHg. Results: As per our analysis the mean hospital stay was 30 days (20-40 days), mean intravenous antibiotic therapy was 10 days (5-15 days) and mean use of negative pressure therapy was 12.5 days (5- 20days). Use of negative pressure resulted in gross reduction in wound size and infection. Only 4 patients required a 2nd revised NPWT, 1 patient required 4 NPWT dressings but all the patients showed a positive outcome with respect to wound healing, complete eradication of infection. Conclusion: This analysis revealed that although the cost benefit ratio of using Negative pressure therapy for infected wound remains a debatable topic, still it has proven its worth by treating all the wounds and infections associated with them without causing the pain and discomfort to the patient which the patients with regular daily dressings experience.

This study shows that how we clean the covered land area from old/damaged car/ auto vehicle. We develop the dis assembly line to remove the auto parts from the cars/ auto vehicles and if it is recycle and reuse we recycle and reuse and if it is not recycle or reuse we dumped it properly into the earth. We also developed the formula to find out the disassembly rate and cost estimation formula to find out the this strategy is profitable or not

This article investigates the multifaceted impacts of refugees on the host communities in south Eastern Ethiopia. Throughout the world, the UNHCR engaged in hosting, feeding, sheltering, clothing and educating the refugees and addressing the impacts on the host communities. In hosting refugees, many communities face various forms of socio-cultural influences and economic challenges. Many hosting governments have restricted refugees to camps because they consider long-term refugee presence to be un economic burden and social challenge. This article examines the socio-cultural, economic and environmental impacts of the Somali refugees on the host Ethiopian Somali communities in a remote arid area of Bokolmanyo, in the Ethiopian Somali Region, Liban Zone, Dollo Ado Woreda, near the border with Somalia. The inhabitants of Bokolmanyo belong to the agro-pastoralist Degodia sub clan of the Hawiye clan. Unlike many other communities, where refugees are restricted to the camps, in Bokolmanyo, Dollo Ado the refugees move freely among the host communities and even to other parts of Ethiopia, and Somalia. There is a good social relation between the host community and the refugees and have been intermarriages between refugees, and the host communities and even Ethiopian soldiers. The hosts and the refugees also attend social events like weddings, funerals, mosque services, festivals and other communal occasions. Despite this, there are visible negative impacts on the host communities including environmental degradation, poor sanitation, scarcity of land, and security issues. On the other hand, the provisions of telecommunication service, schools, solar power, health posts, clinics, pharmacies, restaurants, riverbank irrigation schemes, and potable water, police post, are some of the positive impacts of the refugees in the area. Bokolomanyo turned from a small agro-pastoral settlement into an urban centre. The host communities benefited better modern infrastructure including access to transportation, market and expansions of small businesses run by both refugees and local communities in comparison to the pre-refugee era.

Background: The livestock sector in Ethiopia is the largest in Africa. Livestock production and marketing is a major livelihood in the pastoral areas of Ethiopia. The pastoralist community like Borana, livestock marketing development covers enormous scope for their socio economic development. Although few studies are available in the areas of livestock marketing, an in-depth analysis on the marketing practice, challenges and opportunities in livestock marketing is found to be scanty in Borana Zone. Therefore, the research was conducted to assess the livestock marketing practices, examining the factors/challenges affecting livestock marketing and to identifying challenges and opportunities in livestock marketing in Borana zone. Methods: The research was conducted by taking 112 sample traders from pastoralist area of Borana zone on simple random basis. Primary and secondary data were collected and used for analysis. Data collected through semi structured interview were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS version 20. Moreover, data collected through focus group discussion and key informant interview were organized and analyzed qualitatively to supplement/substantiate with survey data. Besides, multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the factors affecting livestock marketing. Results: The existing market for livestock in the study area is unregulated. The major factors affecting livestock marketing are credit sale due to few cash buyers, poor access to credit, and poor linkage with high land and export markets, drought and weak institutional support since all these factors have positive significant influence statistically. On the other hand, highly demanded Borana breed of cattle, high livestock population, and increased number of livestock market centres, improved veterinary service and favourable government policy were identified as major opportunities for pastoralist traders’ efficiency and of Borana. On the basis of the findings, recommendations are forwarded.

The most common cause of anemia is deficiency of iron. A number of intravenous iron formulations have been developed. One of the recent addition to the list of available parenteral iron preparation is Ferric carboxymaltose. It is still relatively new in India and is yet to find its place in India for routine use. One clinically important but less common adverse reaction of Ferric carboxymaltose is increase in the Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) as well as Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) levels. In our patient we encountered significant increase in the ALT and AST levels after receiving Ferric carboxymaltose therapy.

The objective of the case study is for the treatment ofAngle Class I with lower central incisor congenital missing case by ISW (Improved Super-elastic Ti-Ni alloy wire, developed by Tokyo Medical and Dental University).A young female (16 years old) came to our clinic with a chief complaint of maxillary protrusion and mild crowding. Clinical examination revealed lower central incisor congenital missing, large overjet, and anterior crowding. In order to relieve crowding and to correct large overjet, extraction of #14 #25(due to large decay) was performed. ISW Active tie back was performed to correct anterior tooth inclination and to reduce large overjet. Inter-maxillary elastics (IME) were also used for inter-digitation during the treatment.

Many research studies have been conducted in the area of retailing services, but there has been no research that takes into account both service quality and retail store features and identifies the factors that lead to customer satisfaction in nigiris supermarkets. Customer satisfaction is defined as the extent to which a product or service meets or exceeds the customers’ expectations. The importance of such a study is immense in one of the fastest growing retail markets like India, where the impact of service quality and retail store features on customer satisfaction from the retail customers’ point of view is a very crucial field of discussion. After extracting different variables of service quality and retail store features from studying a body of literature on services in nigiris supermarkets, this study aims to identify the main factors that lead to customer satisfaction in nigiris supermarkets. The main factors are extracted from the independent variables using factor analysis. Then regression analysis is done taking the extracted factors as independent variables and customer satisfaction as dependent variable. Likert scale and multiple choice questions are used in the questionnaire. There are 17 independent variables which by factor analysis are reduced to 5 main factors which are found to significantly impact customer satisfaction in nigiris supermarkets.

Plant a purple Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) on dry land is one type of vegetable plants that are favored by the community because in addition to having a delicacy also contains a lot of vitamins and nutrients. But so far the public is still constrained by the increased crop production. One alternative is the awarding of organic fertilizer to the soil can influence and improve soil properties either physics, chemistry or biology of the soil. The purpose of the research was to know the influence of dosing of chicken manure and water washing rice against growth and crop yield of eggplants and to know the influence of the interaction between a dose of chicken manure and rice water washing against growth and crop yield of eggplants then to find out the optimum dose of chicken manure and rice water washing against growth and crop yield of eggplants. This experiment using Randomize Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors. The chicken manure factor consists of 4 levels, namely: P0 = (without the chicken manure) P1 = (250 g chicken manure), P2 = (500 g chicken manure) and P3 = (750 g chicken manure). Factors of water washing the rice which consists of 4 levels, namely: A0 = (not use water washing rice), A1 = (250 ml rice water-washing), A2 = (500 ml rice water-washing) and A3 = (750 ml rice water washing) are combined into 16 treatment and repeated 3 times so that the retrieved 48 swath the experiment. Observation is only performed on four plant samples at each of the six treatment plant population in the swath of the experiment. The principle parameter in this research are available on the observation such as plant height, number of leaves, root growth and weight of fruits. The results of the research shows carry, granting chicken manure and water washing rice can increase growth and crop yield of eggplants. The real interaction occurs on plant colonization eggplant in treatment doses of chicken manure with a dose of water washing the rice. At doses of chicken manure 750 gr/plant showed a dose of chicken manure with optimum results and maximum dose 750 ml rice water washing/plants shows the optimum dose with maximum results. In treatment (P3A3) is the best treatment for giving the maximum yield that is 2,81 and 9,21 g/swath.

The aim of the study was “To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on Care of Children with Febrile Seizures among mothers of under five’s at selected Urban slum areas, Suryapet”. A Quasi -experimental single group pre-test, post-test design was adopted. The study was conducted in Rajiv Nagar and Ambedkar Nagar (Urban slum areas), Suryapet, Telangana, India. The population were mothers’ of children under five years numbered 50. Convenient sampling technique was adopted for the study. The study was carried out by using a structured interview schedule and structured teaching programme on care of children with febrile seizures among mothers having under-five’s. A pre experimental one group pre –test, post –test design was adopted. Fifty mothers were selected by using purposes sampling methods at selected Urban slum areas, Suryapet to assess the knowledge and practices on care of children with febrile seizures by using this structured questionnaire. Structured teaching programme on care of children with febrile seizures was conducted. After 7 days of the structured teaching programme, the post –test were conducted by using the same pre-test questionnaire. Major findings of the study are: • In pre-test, out of fifty mothers of under fives regarding knowledge, 22% (11) had inadequate knowledge, 70% (35) had moderately adequate knowledge and only 8% (4) had adequate knowledge. Regarding knowledge on practices, 2% (1) had inadequate knowledge, 84% (42) had moderately adequate knowledge and 14% (7) had adequate knowledge. • In post-test, 44% (22) had moderately adequate knowledge, only 56% (28) had adequate knowledge and none were having inadequate knowledge on care of children with febrile seizures. Whereas 4% (2) had moderately adequate knowledge 96% (48) had adequate knowledge and none were having inadequate knowledge on practices. • There is a significant improvement in knowledge and knowledge on practices regarding care of children with febrile seizures at p<0.0001 level. • In pre-test, there is a significant association between the demographic variables and level of knowledge regarding type of family, number of previous attacks of seizures, family history of seizures and number of times admitted in the hospital for treatment at p<0.01 (1%) level, seizures accompanied with fever and family history of seizures were p<0.0001 and p<0.001% level respectively. In post test number of times admitted in the hospital for treatment of febrile seizures at p<0.01 (1%) level. • In pre-test, there is a significant association between the demographic variables and knowledge on practices regarding care of children with febrile seizures with family history of seizures at p<0.05% level. None of the variables were significant in post-test. The effectiveness of structured teaching programme on care of children with febrile seizures was significant at p <0.0001.The study concluded that the data proved that the structured teaching programme was a primary measure which markedly improve the knowledge and practices on care of children with febrile seizures among mothers of under-fives. Irrespective of demographic variables mothers improved their knowledge and practices on care of children with febrile seizures.

A field experiment was conducted at experimental block of the Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, Belagavi district, Karnataka during Rabi-2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the effect of growth regulators at different stages on growth and yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The experiment consisted of two main plots - stages of application [S1: Vegetative stage (45 DAS) and S2: Reproductive stage (Flowering stage)] and seven subplots-growth regulators [G1- GA3 -50 ppm, G2- NAA -25 ppm, G3- Ethrel-50 ppm, G4- Benzyl Adenine (BA)- 10 ppm, G5- Ascorbic acid- 50 ppm, G6- Salicylic acid- 0.5 ppm and G7- Cycocel (CCC)- 50 ppm]. Plants received GA3 50 ppm at vegetative stage recorded significantly higher seed yield (32.12 g plant-1 and 2.38 t ha-1), number of umbels (27.73), number of umbellets per umbel (21.20) and dry matter production (187.34 g plant-1 and pooled data of 2 years) over other treatment combination. Among the growth regulators plants treated with GA3 50 ppm at vegetative stage registered maximum plant height (220.14 cm) compared to other treatments and it was on par with NAA 25 ppm at vegetative stage (217.11 cm). The minimum plant height (192.43 cm) was found with Cycocel 50 ppm at flowering stage.

Background: By the second half of 1980s, health sensitivity had started to rise in food and agricultural product consumption. In addition to health consciousness, rising environmental awareness and emphasis over achieving sustainability of agriculture, the definition of organic product was set forward and markets for both production and consumption of these products had started to emerge. Development of any sort of market can be achieved with evaluation of consumer expectations in developing countries. Objectives: Consumer valuation provides insights to producer markets and marketing organisations in terms of determination of marketing policy mix. Accordingly a brief survey was undertaken in selected provinces of Turkey and Romania to understand the acceptance of organic products and forecast the tendency to increase market share for those products in these two developing countries. Methods: The relationship between preferential factors and gender, education level, age, income level and occupational status of participants were assessed in the scope of the study. Results and Conclusion: The specialities and value of organic products were appeared as marketing mix components to be emphasized for the sample selected in two countries. It was understood that female consumers are more open to advertising efforts. Yet, alternative promotion tools should be developed for consumers with higher income and education levels. This situation is valid for both of these two developing countries.

Background: Child resembles a white paper. Which you can draw on it, his personality and conduct. A child is accepting any external impact and information affecting his character in the future. Since any behaviour or activity the child sees may influence his individuality. Television is what attracts the children most and shapes their behaviour. Usually most of the shows that children’s watch is cartoons. Kids shows are one of the everyday propensity for our children, yet animation impacts the kids decidedly and adversely both. So to realize that how an animation influences kids, we choose this topic for research. Aim: The present study aimed to know positive and negative effects of cartoon on behaviour of school going children. Methodology: A survey based descriptive research design was used to main aim of study. Location: This study was conducted at area of Bareilly, city of U.P. Sample size: For these study 100 parents of children in the age group of 6-12 years was selected. Results: This study revealed that children are highly influenced by the cartoons and parents are not satisfied by positive effects of cartoons on their children.

Background: The emergence of Vancomycin resistance Enterococci (VRE) is a cause of concern. They have become important nosocomial pathogen, which is very difficult to treat and control. So it is necessary to prevent their spread by early detection and monitor continuously such infection in hospital. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the two different methods - Epsilometer test (E- test) (Himedia, India) and HiCrome VRE Agar, Modified (Himedia M195, India) in detecting VRE. Methods: A total of 100 Enterococci isolated from various clinical specimens were speciated and antibiogram was done by using standard protocol. The efficacy of E- test (Himedia, India) and HiCrome VRE Agar, Modified (Himedia M195, India) in detecting VRE was evaluated .Results: In the present study, all the isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin. No VRE was isolated in my study. Hicrome VRE media and E-test showed sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Conclusion: In the present study VRE was not isolated. Identification of VRE by chromogenic media is rapid, easy to perform with reliable visual detection and cost effective compared to time consuming, technically demanding and expensive conventional method. Hence, HiCrome VRE Agar, Modified (Himedia M195, India) can be used as selective medium for isolation and differentiation of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from clinical specimens.

Introduction: Biofilms formation plays an important role in bacterial and fungal pathogenesis. Biofilms have been considered a virulence factor contributing to bacterial infections. Therefore, a reliable method for their diagnosis is necessary. Materials and Methods: In this study, biofilm formation of 86 isolates of bacteria and yeasts were detected by Test tube method, polystyrene petri dish method and glass slide method and the results were compared. Results: Slide method and Petri dish method were found better than the test tube method for studying biofilm formation with better sensitivity but poorer specificity. Conclusion: Slide method and Petri dish method can be safely used to find out pattern of biofilm formation by bacterial isolates and yeasts.

Every day, every minute, experts in the health care fraternity and scientists are learning something new about the Alzheimer’s disease as the incidents of the same is on the rise, Globally. As per the research evidences it is proved that the knowledge about the disease and it’s preventive measures among common people can reduce the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease to an extend. Hence the main aim of this research was to assess the existing knowledge on Alzheimer’s disease among patients and to develop an informational booklet regarding prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Non-experimental descriptive design was adopted to assess the knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s disease among the samples. With the use of non probability convenient sampling technique100 patients attending medical OPD of selected hospitals were used as samples. After getting consent from the samples knowledge was assessed from the samples with the help of a structured knowledge questionnaire. The result of the study had shown that the knowledge about the Alzheimer’s disease among samples were inadequate and their knowledge were effectively strengthened with the help of information booklet. Also, it is proved that there was significant association between knowledge score of patient and selected demographic variables such as age (χ 2= 6.47) gender (χ 2=5.59) marital status (χ 2= 15.33) occupational status (χ 2=14.49) family income (χ 2 = 6.32) ,source of information (χ 2 =6.51),mode of information(χ 2 =15.94).

All the 18 lakes and ponds in Bhopal District, were studied. The pollutants and drastic environmental variation have also adversely effected and changed water qualities i.e. color, hardness, turbidity , alkalinity, PH. COD, BOD and TDS etc. Aquatic life, thus, also is affected. Changes in morphology of amphibian, like- color, pigmentation, length, weight mass, etc. may occur. This can not be ignored that the afore-mention variation may be responsible to develop new varieties or sub species. Unfortunately, negligible work is done in relation to amphibian fauna of the area in recent-past. Though, appreciable limnology work is done, yet the amphibian fauna remained unexplored. The fauna study is of tremendous significance in determining population density and calculating sub specific diversity and conservation of ecosystem in Bhopal District.

Nitrogen has been the most essential element that directly affects the growth of plants. It is present in the soil in insoluble form which cannot be used by the plants. The plants require soluble form of nitrogen in soil to grow and sustainability. One such important compound that provides the plant with required nitrogen is Amino Acid (protein). It can be extracted from different plant or animal matter. Soya bean is one such source of protein and due to its high protein yields, it can be used to extract protein by three different methods such as acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis and with the help of enzymes. Protein can be used to regulate the Carbon-Nitrogen ratio of the soil. This C-N ratio if present in 24:1, is optimal for the soil microbes to convert nutrients like Nitrogen, Potassium and Zinc in usable form for the crops.

The differences between the academic achievements and motivation level of 10th grade students in solving word mathematical problems with different solution methods were examined in this research, as the examined solution method is using tables versus solving by linear solution, solution through graphs and solution through series. The research rational is to clarify that the table method solution is preferred better than the other methods in academic achievements. The main research goal was to examine the differences in the academic achievements of the students, and in the student's level of motivation in mathematical studies, in the context of solving word mathematical problem in different ways (linear solution, table solution, graph solution and series solution). The central research question was: how does the method of solving word problems with different ways (linear solution, table solution, graph solution and series solution) on 10th grade student achievements and motivation. The comparison is between the tables solution methods versus other methods (linear, graphs and series). 100 10th grade students from Arab schools in northern Israel that learn the subject of mathematics participated in this research. The research sample is composed by four classes: class number 1 solved the tests according with the linear problem solution; class number 2 solved the tests according with the table solution method; class number 3 solved the tests by the graph solution method; and class number 4 solved the tests by using the series solution method. The research used a general mathematical test and an examination of word problems involving six verbal problems questions regarding traffic and three questions regarding percentage. The research findings indicated that distinct differences in the students' academic achievements were found while using the table solution method versus the different solution methods of linear solution, solution using graphs and solving by series, it was found that solving using tables is preferable to other methods. The research contribution indicates that the table solution method improves student achievements versus the other solution methods in solving word problems. The table solution method has been found as the most efficient way to improve student achievements. However, not the table solution method or any other solution method showed an effect on student motivation.

In this Modeling and analyzing the water flow rate between two tanks, the mat lab simulink were used to analyze the water flow rate between them and level the tanks heights. The differential equation in terms of the water tanks heights and state space equation were derived and the simulink model was constructed for two water tanks reach its steady flow at the heights of 3m. At is level, the velocity flow of water is not changed and the flows of water in two tanks were the same.

As the number of world’s population continues to increase, the amount of solid waste that people produce is increased. Definitely, disposable products required high engineering technology. Solid waste varies such as plastics, soda cans, polyethylene bags plastics or bottles of water…etc., but the accumulation of these products has led to increasing amounts of plastic pollution around the world. As plastic is composed of major toxic pollutants, it has the potential to cause great harm to the environment. This research will be focused on utilization of polyethylene and plastic wastes for asphalt bitumen modification. Procedures are aimed to determine of optimum asphalt content of pure bitumen asphalt and concerned on tested the asphalt samples prepared with different percentages of polyethylene and waste plastic as an additives to pure asphalt with the following percentages of (2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%). The physical properties of the prepared specimens were tested for their stabilities, specific gravities, flows and air void ratios according to Marshal Method procedures. It was founded that the optimum asphalt content (OAC) is (7%) of the weight of specimens for pure asphalt samples. While the optimum values of additives to asphalt content were found as (4.1%) and (4.6%) for polyethylene and waste plastics, respectively. Results shown that for pure asphalt sample, the stability is (1367 kg), specific gravity is (Gmb) (2.182), the flow is 11.9 and the voids ratio is (3.89). Hot mixed asphalt with polyethylene additives gives that the following results of (1817 kg), (2.270), (10.4) and (4.3%) for the properties of stability, specific gravity, flow and voids ratio, respectively. on the other hand asphalt with waste plastic additives gives the results as follows (1745 kg), (2.257) and (10.2) and (5.1%) for the properties of stability, specific gravity, flow and voids ratio, respectively. It was concluded that a significant modifications in Marshal Properties of the tested control samples were achieved. In addition, the recycling of polyethylene waste and waste plastic for paving asphalt mixtures helps alleviate an environmental problem and saves energy and costs.

The core of this paper is to integrate between a Geo-database model and detector instrument (version-XTpc pipe and cable locator, and HWg-WLD detector ) for monitoring the network operation; breakdowns, leakages, flow and pressure variations can be adopted and linked directly from cable telephone line(or wireless internet service) to a control room. HWg-WLD detects water leaks or water floods along the entire length of the sensing cable. The sensing cable detects even the smallest volume of water; HWg-WLD features a built-in web server. In case of an alarm, the device sends an e-mail to the manager of the control room. The computerized model of the Khartoum Center Water network is established have a lot of benefits of an automated system, i.e. high capacity storage; easy retrieval, easy plotting the breakdowns and leakage location for quick maintenance. This model also has a benefit of updating are gained. This Geo-database model of the study area consists of different diameter sizes of pipes, valves, detectors, and flow control valves. Finally, this paper highlights the importance of GIS techniques for water utility monitoring and management. Besides the open source tools of GIS (ArcGIS10.1) can be effectively utilized for the creation of an online water information system which can provide necessary input at all levels for effective decision making.

Breast Cancer serve as one of the diseases that make a high number of deaths every year. It is the common type of all cancers and the main cause of women’s deaths worldwide. Due to the vital role of the aberrant DNA methylation during the disease development such as cancer, prediction mechanism had become essential in the recent years for early detection and diagnosis. The high-dimensionality and noisiness of the DNA methylation data may lead to the reduction of the prediction accuracy. Thus, it becomes more important in a wide range to employ robust computational tools such as feature selection and extraction methods to extract the informative features amongst thousands of them, and hence improving cancer prediction. This paper aims at predicting cancer with a hybridized feature selection and feature extraction (HFSE) techniques. The suggested approach shows a filter feature selection method called (F-score) to overcome the high-dimensionality problem of the DNA methylation data, and proposes an extraction model which employs the peaks of the mean methylation density in order to exact cancer classification and reduce training time. To evaluate the reliability of our approach, machine learning algorithms such as The naïve base and support vector machine, knn algorithms are introduced to predict cancer. The results show that, the classification accuracy improves in all cases and it also proves the reliability indirectly.

Drought is a creeping and recurring hydro-meteorological event, which originates from reduced precipitation, high temperature, and high evaporation over extended period of time. It is normal in any climatic region and, perhaps the most complex natural hazard, because it develops slowly, is difficult to detect and has many facets in any single region. Drought preparedness and mitigation depends upon timely information on drought onset, development in time and spatial extent. This information may be obtained through continuous drought monitoring, which is normally performed using drought indices. This paper describes drought assessment, using two different meteorological indices, RAI (Rainfall Anomaly Index) and SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index). The Marathwada region of Maharashtra was chosen as the study area and this region is characterized as a ‘frequently drought prone area’, where drought can be expected every 6 to 10 years. A comparison of RAI and SPI values were done for determination of drought severity and temporal extension of drought for planning of mitigation measures for farmers. Using the SPI and RAI as indicators of drought severity from 1901-2002, the characteristics of drought were examined. The maximum annual SPI was -2.61 in the year 1920 similarly the RAI values also showed the same results which was -4.748. Whereas in the month of June the SPI value was -2.09 in the year 1941 and the RAI value was -3.29, in the month of July the SPI value was -2.34 in the year 1971 and the RAI value was -3.85. The overall study shows that RAI is highly correlated with SPI for determining the characteristics of droughts in the study area. The overall outcome of this study demonstrates that extreme and severe droughts were experienced in the year 1920, 1972 and 1911, 1912, 1918, 2000, 2001 across the study area leading to unfavorable results on agricultural practices and water resources in the area.

Introduction: Permanent first molar is the first tooth to erupt in the oral cavity when the child is about six years old. It stays in the mouth for longer period and plays an important role in the growth and development of the jaw and occlusion which subsequently maintain the overall health of the dentition. Loss of this tooth due to either caries or periodontitis at the very early stage of life leads to progressive destruction of remaining teeth. Materials & Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at Department of pediatric dentistry Buddha institute of dental sciences & hospital in Patna, Bihar (India) to find out the demographic pattern and reasons for the loss of permanent first molar tooth in children. The data were procured from hospital records of all children aged 6 to 14 yrs who had visited the Paediatric dentistry department between the year 2013 and 2015. Results: A total of 292 first permanent molar were extracted among children over a period of 2 years (2013- 2015). It is found that majority of the mandibular left 1st permanent molar (155 or 53.08%) were extracted followed by mandibular right 1st permanent molar (64 or 21.92%) where as only (40 or 13.7%) upper right 1st permanent molar & 33 (11.3%) upper left 1st permanent molar were extracted. The results showed that the mandibular arch is more prone to tooth loss due to caries. Conclusion: It was concluded that Left mandibular permanent first molar is the most common tooth among the first molars to show high mortality rate. Majority of the permanent first molar tooth loss is seen after the age of 10 yrs. The percentage of permanent first molar tooth loss increases with increasing age.

Background: As osseointegration is now considered highly predictable. Conventional techniques of reflecting a flap for first and second stage surgeries have been routinely carried out. The current trend is to develop techniques that can provide function, aesthetics, and comfort with a minimally invasive surgical approach. Objective: To achieve these goals, flapless implant surgery using a tissue punch technique has been suggested. It maintains the tissue integrity, minimizes time for healing and also provides a clean site without the need for a second stage surgery. This paper presents an outline of the principles of treatment planning and surgical procedure for flapless implant surgery.

The the peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), is a rare cause of cardiomyopathy occurring at the end of pregnancy or during the months following the birth. This condition can be life-threatening and is characterized by significant left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure It’s a diagnosis of exclusion, which must be confirmed by the measurement of systolic function nearly always less than 45%. It is a rare pathological entity whose pathophysiological mechanism in question remains poorly understood. Clinically, it is a sudden heart failure with unpredictable evolution and a hight risk of refractory cardiogenic shock justifying management in cardiovascular resuscitation. The treatment is essentially symptomatic, the prognosis is closely related to the complete recovery of cardiac function.

Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood. Mother is the first teacher for a child and her occupation play a great role in the development of a child. Loneliness is a feeling which mainly grows in the hearts of adolescence due to ignorance felt by them tn their childhood. Loneliness is a feeling which isolates an individual from social groups even when he is present in the crowd. Aim the primary of the study is to compare the level of loneliness among the adolescents of working and non-working mothers. Material and method non- experimental approach was adopted to compare level of loneliness among the adolescents of working and non-working mothers in the selected school of Yol Cantt, District Kangra. Comparative design was used, total of 60 adolescents were included in equal strength from working and non-working mothers respectively. Pilot study was conducted on 12 subjects and feasibility and sample size was determined, where study was found to be feasible. Inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Result: Findings of the study revealed that mean+SD score of working and non-working mothers 48.6+3.34 and 47.6+6.08 respectively, there is no significant difference between the level of loneliness among the adolescents of working and non-working mothers. Conclusion: The study concluded that working pattern of mothers does not affect the level of loneliness among the adolescents of working and non-working mothers.

The Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare and serious condition due to its complications classically by hematogenous spread of septic emboli to different organs. Endogenous endophthalmitis is a rare and potentially blinding ocular infection of the innereye. that occurs in the blood. We report the case of a diabetic 50-year-old woman with endogenous endophthalmitis as the first clinical manifestation of native mitral valve infective endocarditis that rapidly progressed to death. Endophthalmitis is still a rare complication but can quickly compromise the functional and vital prognosis, requiring an extremely fast and strict management.

In the recent times, with the increasing expectations of the patients to an esthetically good and functionally stable treatment result, the practice of dentistry is changing from a single specialist practice to that of a team approach involving general dentist and various specialists. In orthodontic treatment, the endodontic procedures (like root canal treatment and restorations) and periodontal procedures (scaling and root planning) must be carried out before initiation of orthodontic treatment. The oral surgery procedures can be carried out at any stage of orthodontic treatment whether before treatment (corticotomy procedures), during treatment (exposing impacted tooth, extractions) and after treatment (frenectomy, orthognathic surgery). The prosthodontic procedures to replace the missing teeth must be carried out after completion of orthodontic treatment. During orthodontic treatment extraction space either can be maintained for prosthesis or can be closed orthodontically to prevent a lifelong prosthesis. An interdisciplinary dentofacial therapy is the effective and efficient utilization of the skills in the various disciplines of dentistry. Its key is the combination of diagnostic, treatment planning and therapeutic procedures with extensive communication among all team members. The present paper briefly describes an interdisciplinary approach for the management of complex dentofacial problems produces consistent optimal results.

Introduction: Patient call bell generated from the patient room is an alert sign to the health care professionals about patient need. Attending a call bell by nurse should be immediate and if it delays safety and emergency intervention required can be at stake. Many a time patient call bell response delayed is directly proportional to patient satisfaction and patient outcome. Call bell is a communication key for the patient when hospitalized and nurse should always give priority to attend call bell. Aims & Objectives: The primary aim of the study is to identify the time taken by nurse to attend the call bell. The secondary objective is infrastructure contribution to minimize the time duration for attending the call bell. Methodology: A total of 16543 call bells were monitored by call bell monitoring system for 3 months from June to August 2018. The call bells were monitored for 2 floor which were 9th floor and 10th floor. Each floor is of 18 rooms and two nursing counter to each floor thus 9rooms to each nursing counter. The call bells respond time duration was monitored for each of the call generated by patient in Dr L H Hiranandani Hospital, Powai, Mumbai, India. Result: 36 rooms were monitored for 3 months for the patient call bell response by nurse. Each floor is of 18 rooms and distance was taken from the nursing counter. The highest distance is room no 9001 and 1001 that is 82 feet and nearest room are 913 and 1013 which is 35 feet. Total of 16543 calls were generated in 3 months from all rooms. 94.88% of total calls were attended by nurse in 1 minute, 3.65% calls were attended in 2 minutes, 0.88% calls were attended in 3minutes, 0.27% of calls were attended in 4 minutes where as 0.12% of calls were attended in 5 minutes and only 0.18% of call were attended in more than 5 minutes. The study has proved that nurses are active and alert to address the call bell and infrastructure of the hospital is one of the factor to minimize the time duration for call bell response. Conclusion: Call bell is the primary key for patient to communicate in the hospital and responding to call bell generated by patient is also priority of nurse. The study has proved that 94.88% of calls were attended with in 1 minute which evidenced nurses priority for attending the call bell. Infrastructure of the hospital helped the nurses to attend the call in minimum time. Call bell response by nurses in minimum time remains our primary goal.

The causes of female infertility are multifactorial and necessitate comprehensive evaluation including physical examination, hormonal testing, and imaging. Given the associated psychological and financial stress that imaging can cause, infertility patients benefit from a structured and streamlined evaluation. The goal of such a work up is to evaluate the uterus, endometrium, and fallopian tubes for anomalies or abnormalities potentially preventing normal conception.

To compare small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus LASIK for post-refractive dry eye disease. Its Prospective, comparative, nonrandomized clinical study. thirty patients scheduled for bilateral myopic SMILE and 30 age-, sex-, and refraction-matched patients scheduled for bilateral myopic LASIK were enrolled and followed for 6 months after the surgery. Complete evaluation of dry eye disease was performed at 1 and 6 months postoperatively, which included vision-related quality of life (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI]), clinical examinations (tear film breakup time [TBUT]), Schirmer I test, corneal staining), and tear osmolarity measurements, together with an overall severity score. Function and morphology of the corneal innervation were evaluated by corneal esthesiometry and subbasal nerve imaging using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM(. High incidence of mild to moderate dry eye disease was observed in both groups 1 month postoperatively, which remained significantly higher in the LASIK group than in the SMILE group 6 months after surgery (overall severity score [0–4]: 1.2±1.1 vs. 0.2±0.4, respectively, P < 0.01), leading to more frequent use of tear substitutes over the long term. Corneal sensitivity was better in SMILE than in LASIK eyes 1 month postoperatively (3.5±1.79 vs. 2.45±2.48, respectively, P < 0.01) and then recovered to statistically similar values at 6 months. Corneal nerve density, number of long fibers, and branchings as assessed by IVCM were significantly higher in the SMILE group compared with the LASIK group 1 and 6 months after surgery. Corneal sensitivity was negatively correlated with dry eye-related corneal damage (R² = 0.48, P < 0.01), and the long fiber nerve density was independently correlated with the OSDI score (R² = 0.50, P < 0.01) and the Schirmer test (R² = 0.21, P < 0.01) 6 months postoperatively.

Introduction: A diabetic foot infection is one of the leading causes of the hospitalisation among diabetic patients. Many studies have reported on the bacteriology of diabetic foot infections over the past 25 years but the results have been varied. Diabetic foot wounds are commonly infected, and hence infection leads to the formation of microthrombi causing further ischaemia, necrosis and progressive gangrene. Material and methods: Samples were collected from 90 cases of diabetic foot ulcer by using sterile swabs and they were processed as per the clinical and laboratory standard Institute guidelines. Results: Out of 90 cases of diabetic foot ulcer 50 cases (62. 5%) were monomicrobial and 30 cases (37.5%) were polymicrobial. In our study gram negative bacilli were isolated in preponderance than gram positive cocci. Among gram negative bacilli the commonest isolate was pseudomonas spp (36%), followed by E. coli (28%) and Staphylococcus aureus (20%). The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacteria were also studied. Conclusion: This study showed raised incidence of multidrug resistance isolates from the diabetic foot ulcer cases. Hence knowledge of antibiotic sensitivity pattern is essential for determining appropriate treatment of diabetic foot ulcer.

Obstructive sleep apnea, cessation of breathing during sleep, is potentially life threatening and requires prompt intervention. Despite the numerous advancements in our understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical consequences of the disorder, amajority of those affected remain undiagnosed. Simple queries of the patient or bed partner for the symptoms and signs of the disorder, namely, loud snoring, observed apneas, and day time sleepiness, would help identify those in need of further diagnostic evaluation. The orthodontic approach is intended to provide patients with immediate relief from OSA, as well as changes to the airway that may address an underlying cause. It can be treated using surgery, continuous positive airway pressure and oral appliances therapy. This article review some of the basic aspects of this sleep-related disorder, its diagnosis and treatment modalities.

Introduction: Otomycosis is an acute, subacute or chronic superficial fungal infection of external auditory canal, commonly seen in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a common problem in the warm and humid areas and among Rural community. The commonly found causative fungi include Aspergillus and Candida species. Proper identification of causative agent is mandatory in order to prevent recurrences and complications. Material and methods: A total of 50 cases of symptomatic patients suspected to be of otomycosis were studied. Samples were collected on two sterile cotton swabs. Direct examination of the specimen was carried out by Gram’s stain and 10% KOH mount. All samples were inoculated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. Identification of fungi were done as per the standard protocol. Results: Mycological examination yielded fungal isolates from 35 samples (70%) from a total of 50 clinically diagnosed cases of otomycosis. 9 cases were found to have contamination or bacterial isolates. Aspergillus species was the predominant fungi followed by Candida spp and Penicillium. In our study male preponderance was seen with 52% cases than female with 48% cases. Incidence of otomycosis was high in age group of 15-35 years followed by 35-55 years of age group. Conclusion: Otomycosis commonly presented with decreased hearing, itching, earache and otorrhea. Higher practice of self cleaning and using home remedies and ear drops to get relief from sensation of blocked ear has raised incidence of otomycosis.

The role of women is a fundamental question for the development of all societies. Development means total development in political, social economic, cultural and other dimensions of human life as well as the development of economic and other resources. The Objective of the study was to find out the existing entrepreneurial competencies among service class women. Purposive random sampling was done in order to meet the purpose of the study. Fifty service class women of different categories were selected to study the knowledge of the entrepreneurship. For the purpose of data collection from the service class women, investigator developed the close ended questionnaire. The tool was administered on fifty on service class women selected randomly by investigation. Administration of tools was done through field study. Results indicates that even service class women don’t have clear concept about entrepreneurship

Introduction: Neonatal septicemia is the commonest cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. To reduce the mortality caused by Neonatal septicemia, it becomes essential to diagnose it as soon as possible and treat with administration of appropriate antibiotics. Material and methods: The study was done on neonates coming to Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna. About 100 neonates were screened in the study for a time period of 6 months. Results: Out of 100 clinically suspected cases of neonatal septicaemia 68 (68%) were blood culture positive and 32 (32%) were blood culture negative. The commonest organism isolated was Escherichia coli (26.47%), followed by Klebsiella spp (23.52%). Among Gram positive organisms Staphylococcus aureus (19.11%) was the commonest isolate followed by CONS with 14.70% cases. Positive blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of septicaemia. Conclusion: Neonatal septicaemia is more common in males, low birth weight and preterm neonates. A positive blood culture is the only definitive method of confirming a case of septicaemia which helps in prompt and timely administration of antibiotics which could be life saving.

Background: The pregnancy outcome in Chinese women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been controversial. Research looking at predictive factors in this population is sparse in China. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of abnormal pregnancy outcomes in a Chinese cohort and to identify clinical factors predicting adverse fetal and maternal outcomes in Chinese women with SLE. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 122 pregnant women with SLE diagnosed patients from 2011 to 2017, regarding the association of the clinical features including lupus nephritis, pre-eclampsia and the adverse outcomes in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the predictors of maternal and fetal outcomes. Results: The Mean age of pregnant women with SLE was29.15±3.99years and mean average SLE duration was 5.03±4.64 years. Of 122 pregnant women, 83.6% women had live births and the preterm live birth was 32.0%. Average mean of baby weight was 2254.79±1114.51 grams. The most common maternal complication was premature rupture of membranes 18.0%, followed by pre-eclampsia or eclampsia 17.2%. Conclusion: Age group, SLE duration, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were independent predictor of fetal loss for pregnant women with SLE. Further studies were needed to investigate the predictor factors of Chinese pregnant women with SLE.

Objective: To evaluate the profile changes following treatment in adult female patients with bimaxillary protrusion of Dakshina Kannada region. Materials and Methods: Twenty five Class I bimaxillary protrusive adult female patients treated with MBT appliance after first premolar extraction were included in the sample. Pre and Post treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated and the obtained data was compared using Paired t test or Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Nasolabial angle showed significant increase of 7.560 post treatment (p value 0.001*) Upper lip thickness and lower lip thickness increased by 0.84mm and 0.12mm (P values 0.030*, 0.478* and respectively). Upper lip angle decreased by 7.080(p value 0.001*) Conclusion: Significant changes in nasolabial angle, upper lip angle and upper lip thickness were noticed post retraction in bimaxillary protrusive adult female patients of Dakshina Kannada region.

Mimicking can be done by using either by natural substitutes or Synthetic substitutes. Biomimetics is defined as the study of the formation, structure or function of biologically produced substances and materials and biological mechanisms and processes especially for the purpose of synthesizing similar products by artificial mechanisms which mimic natural ones. A material fabricated by biomimetic technique based on natural process found in biological systems is called a biomimetic material. Why synthetic materials are preferred? Age, disease and traditional restorations can cause further problems to the existing tooth structure. As teeth have no natural method of repair, biomimetic principles should be used to artificially repair the tooth to its natural functions and aesthetics. Biomimetics is an emerging inter disciplinary field that combines information from the study of biological structures and their function with physics mathematics chemistry and engineering in the development of principles that are important for the generation of novel synthetic materials and organs. Calcium hydroxide is one of the biomimetic material in dentistry.

The present study to estimate the childhood mortality, i.e., neonatal mortality rate (NMR), infant mortality rate (IMR) and under-five mortality (U5M) among Schedule Castes, Schedule Tribes, Others Backward Classes and Others social group; and assess the Childhood mortality differential in social-religious stratification i.e., Schedule Tribes, Schedule Castes, Others Backward Classes and Others social group in northeast state, India. Data & Methods: Using data from National Family Health Surveys 4 (NFHS-4) conducted during the years 2015-2016, measures of mortality during infancy and childhood i.e., Neonatal mortality: the probability of dying in the first month of life, Infant mortality: the probability of dying before the first birthday and Under-five mortality: the probability of dying before the fifth birthday, were computed. All women age 15-49 year asked to provide a complete history of their births including for each live birth, sex, month and year of birth, survival status, and age at the time of the survey or age at death. Age at death was recorded in days for children dying in the first month of life, in months for other children dying before their second birthday, and in years for children dying at later ages. This information was used for computation of various mortality rates. The unit of analysis in this study is the child, considering more than one child may have the same mother. One aim of this study is to estimate the childhood mortality, i.e., neonatal mortality rate (NMR), infant mortality rate (IMR) and under-five mortality (U5MR) among Schedule Castes, Schedule Tribes, Others Backward Classes and Others social group; and investigate differential in childhood mortality by social status that is, Schedule Castes, Schedule Tribes, Other Backward Classes and Others social group. Results and conclusion: NMR, IMRand U5MR among schedule Castes were found to be 25.7, 39.1and 47.5, among schedule Tribes were 17.1, 32.7 and 41.2. This study analysed childhood mortality differential in social-religious stratification i.e., Schedule Castes, Schedule Tribes,Other Backward Classes and Others social status. The findings highlight the need for addressing socio-cultural norms towards eliminating discrimination among schedule Castes and schedule Tribes and need-based programmes focus on delaying the age at first birth for younger women among others social group other than the schedule castes and schedule tribes in Northeast states. Results shows that children born to SC and ST families have lower risk of dying than those from non SC&ST in Northeastern states, India.

Plants Magnesium is very important in health and medicine. Magnesium deficiency affects every system of the body. Magnesium is a crucial element for mediating the vital functions of the nervous and endocrine systems. It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve functions, keeps heart rhythm steady, supports a healthy immune system and keeps bones strong. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken: 1. To determine the level of serum magnesium in non-pregnant women of child-bearing age.2 .To determine the level of serum magnesium in pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy.3. To compare serum magnesium level of non-pregnant women with serum magnesium level of pregnant women in different trimesters of gestation. Materials and methods: The present study was carried out in the Deptt. Of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna during September2006 to September2008. Estimation of Serum Magnesium Level: by colorimetric method using “Titan Yellow”. A significant lowering of the serum magnesium level has been observed on comparing the mean values of first and second trimesters. A significant decline was also noted between the second and third trimesters. The decline in serum magnesium level when comparing the first and third trimester values was highly significant.

Background: MRI load of low back ache patients is quite high. Nearly 75% of populations suffer from low backache (LBA) with or without sciatica at some or the other time during adulthood. Majority of these patients, after a clinical diagnosis of Prolapsed intervertebral disc, are referred for an MRI, primarly not only for the confirmation of the diagnosis but also for the patient satisfaction (demand) and medico legal reasons. The study was conducted to understand the significance of MRI findings in the production of LBA with Sciatica and its role in its management. Material and Methods: 130 patients of LBA, with sciatica unilateral 78 (60%), bilateral 40 (37.6%) and without sciatica 12 (9.23 %) diagnosed clinically as prolapsed intervertebral Disc, underwent MRI and were evaluated on a uniform pattern by double blind method. The clinical findings of pain distribution dermatomes, sensory loss, motor loss, deep tendon reflexes, local tenderness and straight leg raising tests (SLR) were recorded. MRI evaluation noted the Grades of Disc Degeneration, Level & Type of prolapse, Neural foramina compromise, root impingement and other miscellaneous findings. All the variables of clinical presentation and MRI findings were compared to find out their significance. Inter and intra observer variations were calculated for significance by Kappa coefficient. Results: MRI levels of disc prolapse, impingement, foramina compromise and disc extrusions correlated well with clinical picture in 109 (83.8%) patients. Disc bulges single or multiple were mostly (88%) asymptomatic. Small impingements with effacement did not correlate with neurological/ dermatome level clinically. There was insignificant inter or intraobserver variation in interpretation of most of the MRI observations (Kappa score 0.56), however a minor intraobserver variation of (Kappa 0.34) was observed in labeling various types of disc prolapses. Conclusions: Not all cases of LBA with or without sciatica are prolapse disc and vice versa. Paracentral protrusion or extrusion with moderate to severe foramina impingement correlate well with clinical presentation whereas, central bulges and small disc protrusions show poor relation to clinical findings. The management of LBA & sciatica should depend upon the severity of pain, its distribution, response to conservative treatment and importance of neurological deficit and MRI help should be sought only in cases not responding to conservative treatment, doubtful diagnosis, important neurological deficit (Bowl Bladder involvement) and in cases where surgery has been planned.

Introduction: Endodontically treated teeth are at higher risk of fracture than vital teeth due to the decreased moisture content in dentin and most of the times, compromised structural integrity. The cast post and core technique has been advocated as the gold standard restoration for decades, but the traditional technique is time consuming and involves great laboratory and material costs. Introduction of prefabricated metallic post systems and esthetic post systems such as fiber-reinforced and zirconia ceramic posts have improved the results significantly. A dental ferrule is an encircling band of cast metal around the coronal surface of the tooth. The availability of 2.0 mm of coronal tooth structure between the shoulder of the crown preparation and the tooth/core junction has been shown to enhance fracture resistance and preventing fracture and dislodgement of the post. Objective: To assess the effect of ferrule on the fracture resistance of teeth restored with Parapost XP and Parapost Fiber Lux under tangential load. Methodology: Forty Human maxillary central incisors extracted within three months were stored in saline solution. Coronal sections of teeth to be restored were sectioned with carborundum discs 2mm occlusal to cementoenamel junction. Forty maxillary central incisors specimen collected were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 20 central incisors without ferrule and were further divided into two subgroups, ‘a’ with Parapost XP and ‘b’ with Parapost Fiber Lux. Group 2 included 20 central incisors with 2mm ferrule and were further divided into two subgroups, ‘a’ with Parapost XP and ‘b’ with Parapost Fiber Lux. The teeth were then endodontically instrumented and root canals were obturated using gutta percha. After root canal treatment, teeth were prepared for post space by means of preparation drills. Self adhesive resin cement was used to cement these posts. After removal of excess cement, resin cement was allowed for 5 minutes to polymerise followed by core build up using Paracore, followed by full coverage crowns. Finally, all the specimens were embedded in the acrylic resin block to a depth of 2mm below the cementoenamel junction. The mounted specimens were secured in a universal testing machine and a force was applied at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min until fracture occurred. The fracture load was recorded in Newtons. Results: When tangential loads were applied to the samples, it was seen that the teeth restored with posts having ferrule withstood higher amounts of force before fracture when compared to those without ferrule. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the present study, it can be concluded that the ferrule effect plays a key role in increasing the fracture resistance of teeth restored with post and core.

It can be say that there are more close relationship between common descent of all life on Earth and long time formation of membrane - redox potentials three - state line system like structures from the cyanobacteria to Homosapiens during last 4,5 billion years, which generated ATP and NADPH. “Phylogenetic relationship” refers to the relative times in the past that species shared common ancestors. We are proposing the new suggestion about close interrelationship, formed during evolution development of life, demonstrating that all organisms on earth are descended from a single common ancestor by following law full processess, as at first: common descent of all life on Earth from the universal common ancestor, through 16s rRNA gene, 18S rRNA, a set of 355 genes, comprising the three domains of life, archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes, at second: all living cells have arisen from a single common ancestor that lived 650 million years ago in the Precambrian, at third: 6,331 genes common to all living animals have been identified., at fourth: the genetic code is nearly identical for all known life forms, from bacteria and archaea to animals and plants. at fifth: identical pathways for the biosynthesis of purinenucleotides with participation of ATP generated within membrane - redox potentials three - state line system dependent -full 9 stepped cycle of proton conductance of widely divergent organisms as E.coli, yeast, pigeons, and humans, demonstrating the biological unity of life in the level of ATP/ADP cycle and also in the level of membrane - redox potentials three - state line system dependent - full 9 stepped cycle of proton conductance, at sixth: some 23 proteins are found in all organisms, serving as enzymes carrying out core functions like DNA replication. All living organisms have the same kinds of monomeric subunits and the identity of each organism is preserved by its possession of many sets of nucleic acids and of proteins, which formed with participation of ATP/ADP cycle functioned as one of members of membrane - redox potentials three - state line system dependent - full 9 stepped cycle of proton conductance. It can be say that the continuity of proton conduction depended biosynthesis of ATP and NADPH using the membrane - redox potentials three - state line system like structures from the cyanobacteria to Homosapiens during last 4,5 billion years had been carried out by general principle as common descent of all life on Earth from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA), through 16s rRNA gene, 18S rRNA, , a set of 355 genes, comprising the three domains of life, archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes, agenetic code is nearly identical for all known lifeforms, from bacteria and archaea to animals and plants. The universality of this code is generally regarded by biologists as definitive evidence in favor of universal common descent owing to membrane - redox potentials three - state line system like structures from the cyanobacteria to Homosapiens during last 4,5 billion years. In such way the membrane - redox potentials three - state line system dependent - full 9 stepped cycle of proton conductance have been formed as final results of phylogenetic relationship of life during last 4,5 billion years.

Background: Body Mass Index, isoften used in clinical practice as well as in epidemiological studies.However, it is not clear how strong the relationship between BMI for age Z score (BMI – Z) and body fat percentage (BF %) among children.The study determined the (BMI – Z) and (BF %) relationship, in a group of South Asian adolescentsand to examined the influence of age, gender in this relationship andassessed its’ linearity or curvilinearity. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1374 adolescents. BF% was estimated by Bioelectrical Impedance analysis (BIA) and Skinfold thickness (SFT).Pearsons’ correlation coefficient(r) was calculated to see the relationship between (BMI – Z) score and (BF %). Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of age and gender in the relationship and polynomial regression was carried out to see its’ linearity. Results: Of the total sample 50.3 % (690) were girls. A significant positive correlation was observed between BMI – Z and BF% by SFT (Boys -r =0.87, p < 0.01; SEE = 4.42, Girls - r =0.78, p < 0.01; SEE = 4.17) and between BMI – Z and BF% by BIA (Boys -r =0.74, p < 0.01; SEE = 4.33, Girls - r =0.88, p < 0.01; SEE = 2.71). Effect of age and gender in the BMI – Z and BF%, relationship was significant (p < 0.001). Curvilinear relationship between BMI – Z and BF%, was found. Conclusion: BMI - Z is strongly correlates with BF % estimated by BIA and SFT in this study group. The both relationships studied were curvilinear in nature. The effect of the age and gender of an individual were significant.

Sneha Kalka is one of the primary wastes generated in Ayurveda pharmaceutical industry. This is because Ghrita and Taila (Sneha) are an important dosage form used in practice, thus widely prepared. The so generated Sneha kalka is discarded as a waste or at the most used as fuel (for Puta in teaching pharmacies). In an attempt to use this Sneha Kalka and up cycle it to another useful dosage form, this study was designed. Here Dhoopa Varti was prepared by using the Sneha Kalka, and adding a few Dhoopana Dravyas to it. The resultant product was up to the mark and served the purpose of Dhoopana efficiently. Subject Area: Rasashastra and bhaishajya Kalpana

Aims of Study: Pelvic injuries in elderly patients are usually missed because osteoporotic cancellous bone fractures of Pelvis are poorly visualized, especially with poor quality portable X rays and this becomes a bigger problem, not only from treatment angle but due to medico legal and consumer forum implications. So, this study was undertaken to compare the results of clinical, radiological, computed tomographic and MR imaging of pelvic injuries. The fragility of bones due to senile osteoporosis, makes the elderly population vulnerable to fractures of the pelvis, following minor trauma. Majority of these fractures are minimally displaced or undisplaced and likely to be missed on clinical and routine conventional radiography (wet films) by junior residents in busy emergency department. A prospective study on various diagnostic modes like clinical, radiographic, CT and MRI, was conducted in elderly patients with low energy pelvic injuries attending emergency department of GMC Jammu from June 2015 to June 2017. Out of 131 patients of low energypelvic trauma, 86 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and consented for the study. The clinical and investigative parameters were evaluated in all the cases by a senior orthopedic surgeon and two senior radiologists. There were 6 5 (75.5%) females and 21 (24.5%) males. Mean age was 72.7(50 – 90) years. Commonest mode of trauma was domestic falls in 62 (72%) of cases. There were 146 fractures and 14 soft tissue injuries. The clinical examination was sensitive in 80.8% cases with low specifity of (58.6%). Plain X rays Pelvis AP view was diagnostic in 69 (80.2%) cases.Computed tomography had an accuracy level of 94.1% and MRI was effective in 97.7% of fracture cases and 85.7% in soft tissue injuries. Posterior ring fractures were missed in 2.3% by MRI, 11.5 by C T scan, 68.6% by Conventional X rays and 14.3% by clinical examination. There were 12 false positive cases clinically, 10cases radiologically, 6 cases in CT and 2 cases of MRI. The false negative cases were 8 in clinical, 12 radiological, 2 in C T and 1 amongst MRI. Conclusion: C T scan of pelvis is highly accurate in picking up most of pelvic fractures (94.1%) in the present study and the study proves that C T scan being easily available in most of the secondary and tertiary care hospitals, should be the investigation of first choice. Its 3D pictures are very useful for the surgeons to understand the spatial displacement of fragments, especially in cases requiring surgical intervention. Contrast enhanced C T is also helpful in delineating soft tissue collections, extravagation of urine or hematoma / pus and can assist aspirations. MRI certainly gives better results than C T in the diagnosis of occult bony as well as soft tissue injuries. MRI is better in efficacy highly sensitive investigation especially in undisplaced fractures in osteoporotic patients but is costly, time consuming and not available in most of secondary care centers in developing countries, hence should be reserved for patients associated with soft tissue injuries or in cases where C T has failed in picking up a fracture.

Aim of distalization is to move molars distally so as to gain space. This procedure has gained popularity due to the fact that by distalization of maxillary molars, many Class II molar cases can be treated without extraction. Traditional upper molar distalization techniques require patient co-operation with the headgear or elastics. Recently, several different intraoral procedures have been introduced to minimize the need for patient co-operation. This article reviews and describes the various methods of molar distalization.

Context: Ratol is a rodenticide (rat killer paste) ,it contains yellow phosphorus, a severe local and systemic toxin causing damage to gastrointestinal, hepatic, cardiovascular, and renal systems. Among these liver is the most commonly affected organ and acute liver failure with coagulopathy is the most dreaded complication. These toxins damages the liver by depleting glutathione stores. NAC acts by stimulating the glutathione synthesis and enhances glutathione transferase activity.Therefore, treatment with NAC, which is inexpensive and relatively safe, would be a viable treatment option for patients admitted with yellow phosphorous consumption with ALF but those who are not eligible for liver transplant. Aim of The Study: 1. To study the prevalence of yellow phosphorus poisoning in our hospital 2. To evaluate the usefulness of N-Acetyl cysteine in yellow phosphorous poisoning 3. Postmortem findings in liver and kidney. Settings and Design: Prospective cross sectional observational study. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 25 patients with history of yellow phosphorous poison (ratol) consumption who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria getting admitted at Government Rajaji Hospital & Madurai Medical College during the period of June to September 2017. • The control group patients are taken from retrospective data obtained in year 2016 at GRH, who had similar management protocol except for NAC. Results: Morbidity and Mortality was reduced to 50% in the study group who was admitted early and treated with NAC, even though they consumed lethal dose of Ratol. Conclusions: Most patients admitted with history of suicidal consumption of ratol (yellow phosphorous) were young and belonged to poorer socio-economic sections. Therefore treatment with NAC, which is inexpensive and relatively safe, would be a viable treatment option for patients admitted with ratol consumption.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the FF (AMH) levels and quality of oocyte and embryo, fertilisation and pregnancy. The process of in vitro fertilization depends on many factors.The failure of oocyte morphological assessment to predict in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome has led the researchers to examine biochemical criteria of follicular fluid (FF). Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), an important marker of ovarian reserve, is secreted by the granulosa cells. Materials and Methods: The FF (AMH) levels of 60 patients (mean age: 33.72 ± 4.82 years; range: 21 to 42 years) were analyzed. The FF (AMH) levels were measured by the quantitative auto-analyzer with an electro-chemiluminescence assay. Results: The FF (AMH) levels in patients under 35 years of age were higher in pregnant women than non-pregnant ones (P<0.01).Conclusion: Our study results showed that the FF (AMH) levels were correlated with the quality of oocyte and embryo and were the predictors of clinical pregnancy in patients younger than 35 years of age.

This is a continuous retrospective and prospective study which was planned and performed in Saddam Teaching Hospital in Najaf city for the period from the first of January 2001 to the thirtieth of August 2002 to study the correlation between the histological grading of breast cancer cells with the ipsilateral A.L.N involvement in relation to the size of the cancer to have an idea about the pattern and aggressiveness of the breast cancer in this city, with a note to the age and sex of the patient and the residence whether rural or urban. Breast cancer cases represent 34% of breast surgery in this hospital during the period of study. The commonest age groups was the 5th decade 36.9% followed by the 4th decade, 23% Urban cases more than rural area cases. (I.D.C) 81.5% and (l.LC) 18.5%. The histological grading grade ll came first 70.8% grade IlI, 20% and grade L.9.2%. ALN involvement 100% in grade Ill. 65.2% in grade l and 33.3% in grade I. Breast cancer size 2-5cm represents 63% of the cases, tumour size more than 5cm represent 30% and those with size less than 2cm 6.3%.

Background: Rational prescribing of insulin and improved patient knowledge, attitude and practice regarding insulin usage will optimise insulin therapy in diabetes mellitus. Objective: The study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice of insulin therapy. Study method: A cross sectional study was done in various in patient departments using KAP questionnaire. A total of 70 filled questionnaires were evaluated and analysed using Chi- Square test. Results: Knowledge, attitude and practice study found that better knowledge, Attitude and Practice among participants irrespective of their family history and educational status, towards insulin therapy. The relation between education status of participants and their knowledge about insulin discontinuation once the blood sugar levels normalize (p value=0.047) as well as their practice of checking blood sugar level in home (p value=0.025) were found to be statistically significant. This data suggests that mean knowledge score was more for illiterate (14.21) followed by high school and primary school. Conclusion: There is a need to educate the patient about various aspects of insulin therapy including dosing, storage, site of injection, common side effects and life style modifications. Clinical pharmacist can play a vital role in monitoring and optimization of insulin therapy.

A classic case study example of multidisciplinary approach where an expert radiologist superbly assisted cardiologist to do a rare difficult procedure is presented here. A 75 years old female referred for severe painful swelling in right groin showed a large soft tissue swelling filled with blood and communicating with femoral artery diagnosed as pseudo-aneurysm. Attempt was made to compress the neck which was not clearly defined, which failed. Hence, patient was taken for intra-lesion injection of fibrin sealant in Cath lab for guided usage of firbin sealant. The procedure was approached from left femoral artery using 6F long sheath and 6F Judkins JR catheter. A large 8x40 mm balloon was kept across the neck of pseudo-aneurysm and inflated to occlude the communication and simultaneously the fibrin sealant was injected into the pseudo-aneurysm under both ultrasonic and fluoroscopic guidance. Within few seconds, the whole pseudo-aneurysm was seen getting thrombosed with no flow from femoral artery as confirmed from post-procedure Doppler. The balloon was retrieved and check angiogram showed nicely flowing femoral artery with no signs of pseudo-aneurysm. The patient immediately improved with decrease in pain and swelling.

It is known that within normal cells, genetic mutations don’t occur and normal cells don’t develop into cancer cells, but within abnormal cells if genetic mutations do develop, the p53 tumor protein should normally monitor this and guard the body from these dangerous cells developing or being replicated – like with cancerogenesis and tumorigenesis. This tumor protein known as the “guardian of the genome” or “cell cycle police” is normally extremely sensitive to cellular abnormalities - its true job is to protect the integrity, genetic growth and development of future daughter cells, thus protecting cellular development in the body overall. Policing, securing and preventing cells from carrying on dangerous genetic mutations with “cell-cycle arrest” and “induced apoptosis” is vitally the most important role of the normal p53 - but just as fraud and corruption is a regular occurrence with authority, these “gene police” can also mutate and become corrupt, immoral and start helping cancer cells progress instead of stopping them. When the p53 starts allowing cell mutation and supporting abnormal cell development this contradictory, reprehensible behavior becomes an obviously incriminating focal point within the genetic “cancer equation” for researchers to question. Asking why and how this change occurs is relevant because this specific moment is connected to “cancer’s start-up.” Detailing this occurrence and all of the pathomechanisms involved in this “switch of the p53” needs to occur so that it can be stopped! Just like with any form of fraud or corruption, exposing and elucidating this inconspicuous shrouded “moment” and identifying all causative factors involved is necessary but difficult for cancer researchers. Due to the striking similarities of this situation to interrogating a corrupt official – this issue similarly needs a non-biased “internal affairs” type of investigation – to dig down deep and bring out all relevant factors into the light. So far, this p53 investigation has been labeled as “difficult to understand” or as “having an unknown cause” but with honest appraisal, the true cause can be identified. Therefore, this article is about exposing the cause of the p53’s switch, examining the p53 from different perspectives and going beyond any traditionally occluded views to find the truth. The benefits of this interrogation will help in the development of new p53 based cancer treatments.

Reading comprehension represents a fundamental orientation for the development of linguistic skills on human beings: speaking, listening, reading and writing. The process is focused on English as a foreign language. Moreover, it is an approach that serves as a reference for developing the educative and formative short, medium- and long-term processes. Understanding how you read is related with the capacity of understanding students in a language, and knowing how to use it in a specific context. Restructuring of knowing “what” and knowing “how” plays a role in student’s learning process. Besides, the communicative competence: linguistic, pragmatic and sociolinguistic are required in that process. These ones settle on the meaning of words which are elements of a text and comprehension itself. Reading comprehension on mother tongue and a foreign language has got obstacles for administrative or cultural causes. Nowadays, consequences for education are not free. In fact, comprehension process directly or indirectly influences cognitive, social and personal performance. Although theories and concepts, the negative results are still appearing. Reading comprehension in English as a foreign language is inherent in the students’ education, its development is the result of a right action of didactics, pedagogy and curriculum. Therefore, the learning process is deeply affected. The most poignant is nobody does anything regarding it. Analysis and get answers might change this situation.

Integrating technology in teaching students is an effective tool to enhance students’ performance in the learning process. Most of the researchers and experiments prove that teachers who rely on technology devices on their teaching methods have positive attuited towards students. Also, it effects on the students' outcomes to be more interactive and engagement in the classroom. However, some teachers face a lot of barriers that prevent them to rely on technology tools. In this research, the researcher will focus on how teachers in Saudi Arabia can integrate technology as effective tools to teach youngest students different subjects, and how to overcome the common obstacles that face them while using this technology.

In the present work, an investigation of the KPIs (performance indicators) was carried out, taking as a study object the fans page in the social network Facebook of the companies Toyota and Chevrolet in Ecuador, which allowed us to make an analysis of: the growth of The number of fans, the activity that both pages have, the interaction in the publications, level and services among others through the tool Fans page Karma which allowed us to compare both pages and to know which one has the most influence in The users as well as which works in the emgagement of its clients in the aforementioned social network. Using the deductive method as the fundamental form of reasoning. What is called social half propose a new phenomenon of global communication, as well as being the main instrument of communication between the customer and the brand. The consumer has a loudspeaker to communicate with any major company and with most of the rest of its customers through the use of this route.

The study aimed to identify the concept of quality in general and the quality of university libraries in particular, and to identify the positive aspects and knowledge of the obstacles and difficulties in the application of quality university libraries. The study also aimed to identify the standards of library quality in terms of different buildings and services, with the link to obtaining institutional academic accreditation. The researcher used the analytical descriptive method to divide the case study to fit the study objectives. Several tools have been used to achieve this, such as data collection from paper and electronic sources, a checklist and a personal interview. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which were: All the library staff agreed that the library is concerned with applying the standards and specifications in all its activities and providing all its services. The library uses the Library of Congress standard to classify its collections. The University provides a suitable and suitable building for the university library to accommodate its future and future contents. The study made a number of recommendations, including: - To ensure the possibility of expanding the size of the library in the future, the establishment of a special budget for the library to reserve for disability if any. To conduct training courses and workshops on a continuous basis for staff and employees according to their specialization in order to raise awareness of the importance of quality and academic accreditation in order to ensure the quality of work and the provision of modern resources continuously.

While Hope includes the belief that plans for achieving the aim, hopelessness includes negative perspectives for the future. If hopelessness can be defined as a state of losing hope, it is necessary to know what hope is supposed to be. For this purpose, we aimed to investigate, in amateur sports clubs, the levels of hopelessness of soccer players in reaching the goal of playing in an upper league. The population of our study, which deals with the level of sports and hopelessness, consists of 75 male athletes between the ages of 17-19. Gender, age, sport age and branch were examined in personal information. The effect of the football club on the level of hopelessness of athletes was found statistically significant. Furthermore, the effect of working with the same coach on in terms of training year was also found significant. The factors are determinative in achieving their goal in young players who get closer to the upper categories, For this reason, it can be ensured that the Amateur Clubs can be supported the correct orientation of our youth. Training programs of coaches can be updated periodically. This can help trainers to obtain more formative knowledge in the training of young athletes and to improve their quality of education. Such an organization can allow more young athletes to receive qualified education. Young athletes who want to continue their sports life as a professional should have a good education in the youth academies. For this reason, to be carried out the educational activities of young people in a healthy manner, the competence prerequisite of the coaches who will undertake the education of the youth can be imposed.

The aim of the study was to investigate the school principals’ leadership behaviors and its impact on teachers’ job performance in secondary schools of East Haraghe Zone. Descriptive survey design was employed. Questionnaire also employed to collect data from 72 school-based supervision committee members who were selected using availability sampling technique, and 172 teachers were selected using stratified random sampling technique. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics such as independent sample t-test, and Pearson Correlation. The findings indicated that the most leadership behavior currently practiced by secondary school principals of East Hararghe Zone was directive leadership. Teachers’ job performance was found to be at a low level in the schools. There was no significant difference between the responses of the two groups. The research reveals that the level of teachers’ job performance was at low level. There is significant and positive relationship between leadership behaviors and teachers’ job performance.

The concept of intrapreneurship was evolved from the North American business lexicon and it has become a fast- growing concept in the organizational growth. Successful intrapreneurship in an organization, enables a unique competitive advantage to the small and medium scale manufacturing enterprises. Innovation, strategic renewal and ventures are the main focused fields of the intrapreneurship orientation that foster organizational growth. SMEs are developing sector under a huge number of constraints in Sri Lanka. Intrapreneurship is more visible in manufacturing SMEs than the large organization which is needed to be properly identified. As a result, studying on intrapreneurship has become a growing field of interest during the past three decades. Therefore the case study conducted on indentifying intrapreneurship skills and behaviour in a medium scale polymer based products manufacturing organization in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature along with empirical evidence to understand the concept of intrapreneurship and development within the manufacturing organization. The paper examines intrapreneurial orientation and three complexities of antecedents individual, organizational and environmental on the development of intrapreneurship within the context of the manufacturing organization. The study was focused only on middle and upper echelons of the organization where the intrapreneurship is prominent for primary data collection and secondary data collected from the organizational artifact and published documents for ensuring the performances. The author further proposes few propositions at the end for the purpose of future researches.

The paper intends to throw light on the critical analysis in detail and its effect on women characters. It will also examine the contribution of the novelist, Jane Austen in her work, 'Pride and Prejudice'. It is a brief survey of the selected text of Jane Austen from the entire canon of British literature. The nucleus of this survey is the portrayal of women in the 19th century. Their recognitions were little during the Victorian age. Women were subordinated to men during the 19th century. This novel picturises women who were dependent on men.

Paper deals with the analysis of citations of research papers covered by the Web of Science database. The period covered is for 30 years; citations depicted by Web of Science for the period January 1989 to December 2018. Study projects the research performance of six well established universities in the state of Karnataka with regard the number of research papers covered by scholarly journals and number of scholars who have cited these research papers. Also projected is the average citations per research paper and h-Index of authors. Paper also shows the performance of top faculty members in India who are involved in publishing research papers. Collaboration with authors of foreign countries in doing research work and publishing papers are also comprehended in the study, including the trends in publishing research papers which depict the decreasing and increasing trends of research.

Digital analytics basically consists of the collection, analysis, visualization and interpretation of digital data which explains about the behavior of the user in a website, or a mobile site and mobile application. The wide range of use of modern gadgets has helped the marketers to monitor and collect engagement information at the touch points of the purchasing funnel. Digital analytics are the major part if digital intelligence which helps the brands and website owners to understand how their sites and apps are searched and used. By applying digital analytics the companies are able to create user experience that will help in their overall business performance. Digital analytics have various advantages such as it helps in measuring the data which can be be used by the company to frame their futher policies effectively and efficiently. They provide a platform for continuous improvement . In future of all most all business polices and business decision will be taken by the data collected through the digital analytics.

This is a theoretical discourse of the misconception and discrepancy between auditors’ responsibilities on the one hand and shareholders, society and stakeholder’s perception of their responsibilities on the other. The study is aimed at assessing the duties expected to be performed by the auditors and the perception of their duties by the stakeholders. This study aimed at assessing the duties expected to be performed by auditors and prospects of shareholders on the responsibilities, which are expected to be carried out. For this study, interview data from a KPMG study and other published data from literature were analyzed to determine auditors’ duties and the stakeholders’ perception of same. From the analysis carried out that shareholders expected an audit report to be a high quality reporting and to convey a clean bill of health. This is contrary to the statutory requirement of an audit. The study further shows shareholders expectation of what an audit report should be has a great impact on the audit exercise.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the success of levator resection in congenital ptosis. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective interventional study carried out at Postgraduate Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College Srinagar, a tertiary eye care facility in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. A total of 26 eyes with uncomplicated congenital ptosis of 20 patients were taken up for this study. During the study period, 20 patients (12 Male, 8 Female) underwent surgery. The age of operated patients ranged from 6-28 years with a median age of 12 years. 6 patients underwent bilateral anterior levator resections, whilst 14 underwent unilateral surgery. Results: Total of 26 eyes of 20 patients were operated upon. Out of 20 patients, 12 were males and 8 were females. The mean age of patients was 12 years (range: 6-28 years). Out of 20 cases, 6 had bilateral and 14 had unilateral ptosis. In majority (75%), results obtained were good to excellent with a well defined symmetry in lid height and shape. In four (20%), results were cosmetically acceptable and patients were satisfied and graded as fair. However residual ptosis occurred in 1 case (5%) and required further surgical procedure at a later date. Conclusion: Levator resection via anterior approach in congenital ptosis achieved good ptosis correction with cosmetically acceptable upper lid crease.

We conducted a short report on the topic: Superficial Tension (ST) and Icterycea Processes (IP). Basically the strength that acts on the surface of the liquids is named ST, the IP is characterized by the yellow coloration of the skin, and mucous membranes that occurs as a consequence of liver diseases (increased bilirubin level). The collected data expose how much ST is important to IP considering that the intermolecular forces on the surface can be broken by increasing the concentration of substances that lower ST, thus releasing more bilirubin in the current Blood.