The development of domestic and external trade relations of the Emirate of Bukhara in 1756-1868, the growth of the number of cities as major trade and economic centers opened ample opportunities for the production of qualitative and various products for domestic and external markets. The study shows that there could be met all strata’s representatives of society in the Emirate, in particular the Emir, various categories of officials, the militants, big landowners, religious people, artisans, local and foreign traders who were engaged in domestic and foreign trade and poor peasants in the territory of the Emirate. They formed the main part of the urban and rural population due to their place in the socio-economic system of the emirate, their financial opportunities and the types of their business.