The role of family in old age parent caring-challenges in the structure of modern families and legal safeguards under Indian Law

India is experiencing a significant demographic shift marked by a growing elderly population and the transformation of traditional family structures. The responsibility of caring for aging parents, once seamlessly handled within joint families, has become increasingly complex in the context of modern nuclear and urban family systems. This paper critically examines the emerging challenges in elderly care arising from the weakening of traditional familial support. It highlights the pivotal role of the family in providing emotional, financial, and social support to aging parents. Furthermore, the study delves into the legal and constitutional mechanisms designed to safeguard the rights and welfare of senior citizens, including the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007, relevant provisions under the Constitution of India (Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, and Directive Principles of State Policy), and property rights governed by Hindu personal laws. The paper aims to offer an integrated understanding of the socio-legal framework surrounding elderly care in contemporary India.