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The ocular pathology of the child: about 751 cases

Author: 
Chantal MAKITA, Geraud Charles Fredy NGANGA GABOU, Reinette Christelle KOULIMAYA and Bénédicte DIATEWA
Subject Area: 
Health Sciences
Abstract: 

The objective of this study is to determine the profile of ocular pathologies observed in children under 15 years old. Methods: This retrospective study included 4307 children aged from 0 to 15 years old, consulted in Ophthalmology Department of Teaching University Hospital of Brazzaville (Congo) from January 2014 to December 2016. Results: During this period, 751 children had unilateral or bilateral ocular involvement. They were 409 boys (54.5%) and 342 girls (45.5%) for a ratio of 1.19. The middle age was about 8.2±4.6 years (range: 6 days-15 years). The age group from 6 to 15 years was the most representative with a total of 591 children (78.7%) and 160 from 0 to 5 years (21.3%). The clinical symptoms involving a consultation were dominated by the decline in visual acuity (34.8%), followed by itching (20.9%), pain (10.9%), and redness (9.3%). The main pathologies were represented by ametropia (38.2%) among which astigmatism accounted for a prevalence of 29.9% of all types, followed by conjunctival pathology represented largely by 27.9% of tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis (LCET) and 14.4% of infectious conjunctivitis, orbitopalpebral diseases (7.4%) and corneal affections (2.8%). Binocular blindness was reaching 1.2% of children (n = 9), low vision accounted for 0.8% (n = 6).

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