This study was performed to determine the effect of two polishing system ,Aluminum oxide disk (opti-4dental AZ) and Silicon rubber bur (SJK dent) on the surface roughness of two color restorative materials (Microhybrid composite (Filtex Z 250 USA) & Nanofilled composite (Supereme XT). Sixty samples were prepared (A,B,C, Microhybrid) & (D,E,F, Nanofilled). Groups (A, D) with no surface treatment as a control groups, while (B,E) were polished by SJK dent system and(C, F) polished by Opti4 dental AZ system. Surface roughness of each samples were investigated by Digital Portable Tester (RP-100Instrutherm, pocket).Then the result were analysis by Mean value of each group, bar chart, and comparison between groups by using student t test. In relation to the tooth color materials used the result showed less surface roughness for nanofilled composite than that of Microhybrid composite in all groups, while it were less in roughness for both controlled groups than other treated groups, and although the comparison were non-significant in differences between Silicon rubber system and aluminum oxide system but it were less in surface roughness for Aluminum oxide than that of Silicon rubber. The result of this study give information that the Nanofilled composite is better than the Microhybrid composite in relation to the surface roughness, also the aluminum oxide polishing system give more acceptable smoothness than the Silicon rubber system.
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