A comprehensive and comparative analysis of union budget 2025

The Union Budget 2025, delivered by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, prioritises economic growth, fiscal prudence, and social welfare (Government of India, 2025). The budget allocates ₹50.65 lakh crore, emphasising infrastructure development, defence, rural employment, and agricultural support, while preserving essential subsidies. Tax reforms seek to enhance middle-class consumption, whereas elevated capital expenditure is anticipated to foster investment and job development. The fiscal deficit aim is a primary concern, maintaining equilibrium between developmental objectives and economic stability. The budget emphasises digitalisation, green energy projects, and manufacturing incentives to promote sustained growth. Sectoral analysis reveals a robust advocacy for public-private partnerships and sustainable economic policies. This study rigorously analyses the budget's influence on inflation, employment, and investment sentiment. The budget establishes a robust basis for economic resilience; nonetheless, its total efficacy will hinge on successful execution and international economic circumstances (Government of India, 2025).