The review contains information on preclinical and clinical studies of cell therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. It includes an analysis of 53 scientific publications devoted to this issue. It is important to remember that cell therapy for BPD is at the stage of experimental and clinical trials. Currently, there are no standards of its use in infants with this disease. When deciding on the use of stem cells for therapeutic purposes, in addition to drug therapy, the physician should take into account the medical legislation of the country regarding cell therapy and comply with all legal formalities.