The article analyzes the composition and conservation significance of the plants protected by the global and national “Red Lists” in the specific diversity of the Ajara floristic region. The article discusses the peculiarities of growth-development and reproductive biology of the plants of the tertiary period relict species of wingnut - Pterocarya pterocarpa growing at the Batumi Botanical Garden, protected by the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Georgian “Red Book” and Georgian “Red List”. The study of the development biology and elaboration of the effective methods of propagation is the basis for elaboration and implementation of conservation measures for ex situ – in the Batumi Botanical Garden, and in situ – in the natural Colchis conditions – conservation.