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Spectrum and antibiogram of bacteria in chronic suppurative otitis media and biofilm formation

Author: 
Asima Banu, Samhitha Venkatesh, Karthik Shamanna and Presteena Mathew
Subject Area: 
Life Sciences
Abstract: 

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common infection having a high prevalence rate of 7.8-16% in India and is one of the leading causes of conductive deafness particularly in the adolescent age group. CSOM is frequently associated with multidrug-resistant organisms with the ability to form biofilm, which is an important virulence factor and results in treatment failure. Aim: The main objectives of the study are to identify the spectrum of bacteria associated with CSOM, their antibiotic sensitivity pattern, and to detect the biofilm formation. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital conducted from 2016-2019. Patients up to the age of 80, having otorrhea for more than 6-12 weeks and attending the ENT outpatient department were included. Samples of pus were collected from the deeper aspect of external auditory meatus and processed using standard techniques for culture and sensitivity. Biofilm detection was done. Results were compiled and statistically analysed. Results: 120 samples were processed and 86 yielded positive cultures. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm formation was seen in 38 (44.18 per cent) of the organisms. Biofilms were formed predominantly by Staphylococcus aureus (47.36 per cent). Conclusion: Multidrug resistance has become increasingly common amongst the causative organisms of CSOM, this trend being particularly evident among biofilm producers. Therefore, screening for biofilm formation, along with the usual antibiogram, needs to be performed as a routine procedure in CSOM to effectively manage the situation by choosing an appropriate modality of treatment.

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