General approach to rosacea

Rosacea is a common chronic recurrent inflammatory dermatosis of the face that affects more women than men. It is characterized by paroxysmal flushing, persistent erythema and cheek, perioral or nasal telangiectasia, papules or pustules. Ocular involvement is found in more than 50% of rosacea patients, with symptoms including dryness, irritation, blepharitis, conjunctivitis and, more rarely, keratitis that may ultimately compromise eyesight. The specific pathogenesis of this disease is still unknown. It may be a chronic inflammatory disease with natural immunity and abnormal vasomotor function induced by multiple factors on the basis of a certain genetic background. Despite its severe, potentially devastating impact, and its epidemiologic richness, rosacea is incurable. The diagnosis is made clinically, and management consists of education, the avoidance of triggers that can exacerbate the condition, skin care measurements, and various topical and oral treatment options.