A study of serum urea, creatinine and proteinuria in hypertensive patients

Introduction: Hypertension is defined as sustained increase at or above 140 mmHg of Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 90 mmHg of diastolic blood pressure (DBP).Hypertensive nephropathy or renal disease occurs as a result of high blood pressure in hypertensive patient. This disease is characterized by damage to the vasculature of the kidneys as blood pressure increases. Proteinuria is closely associated with hypertension, presumably reflecting the severity of hypertension induced renal damage. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were A study of serum urea, creatinine and proteinuria in hypertensive patients. Material & Methods: Total 118 Hypertensive patients, of age group 25-55 years were included in this study. Detailed history was taken and renal function tests were done in all the patients. Results:-In the present study, Serum urea (p<0.01) and creatinine (p<0.01) levels were found to be significantly higher in cases as compared to those normal subjects. In hypertensive patients with renal failure, significant correlation was found between SBP and level of serum urea (correlation coefficient -0.4). Conclusion: Proteinuria with high BP is an indicator of declining kidney function. It is simple,accurate, and convenient measurement which is not only quatitative, but also semiquantitative as it can predict the total amount of protein loss through kidneys.It is a good replacement for tedious, time consuming 24 h urine protein estimation, especially in countries like India where hospitals cannot cope up with a large number of in-patients. We can also use other parameters as random urine albumin-creatinine ratio for the prediction of significant proteinuria in HTN patients.