Study of conjugate plasmid among antibiotic resistant of bacteria isolated from typhoid fever

Typhoid fever is one of the major problems in India due to the emergence of MDR strains of Salmonella spp. Blood samples collected from 252 presumptive typhoid fever patients from different localities of Allahabad region were tested by Widal test and then cultured for Salmonella species followed by identification using standard procedures. Susceptibility pattern of the isolates against 16 antibiotics were determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Conjugative experiment was carried out with selected multidrug resistant isolates of Salmonella species.A total of 30.53% samples were positive by culture method in contrast to 66.26% blood samples tested positive by Widal test. The isolates were identified as S. typhi (52.94%), S. paratyphi A (27.45%), S. typhimurium (15.68%) and S. bongori (3.92%). Majority of isolates showed resistance to Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Nitrofurantion, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid while all the isolates were found resistant to Kanamycin. The isolates showed maximum sensitivity towards Streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Ofloxacin. The multidrug resistant isolates demonstrated various drug resistance patterns. Conjugation studies showed transfer of resistance pattern (ACCoT) for majority of Salmonella isolates tested. Changing drug sensitivity pattern suggests need for continuous evaluation of sensitivity and resistance pattern of Salmonella isolates so as to make rational use of antibiotics in the management of enteric fever cases in future.