Pertinence des marqueurs moleculaires ssrs et snps pour l’analyse de la diversite genetique des populations naturelles: une meta-analyse

Genetic diversity is considered as a series of differentiation in the genetic composition of species. This diversity is subject to major environmental constraints. For sustainable management, it is necessary to improve species through knowledge of their genetic structure through well-adapted tools, to face new imperatives. This is how molecular markers such as SSRs and SNPs are used to analyze this structure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relevance of SSR and SNP markers in the analysis of the genetic structure of natural populations. The use of the PRISMA approach made it possible to identify the articles considered, through keywords launched in search engines such as Google scholar, PubMed and Hal science. A total of 1125 studies were identified, of which twenty-six (26) were included after applying the eligibility, inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among these included studies, sixty-one percent (61%) favored SNP markers against thirty-nine percent (39%) using SSRs. In addition, studies using plant material predominate with a frequency of sixty-eight percent (68%), compared to those using animal material (32%). According to these biological trends, plant studies clearly prefer SNP markers (46.43%), while animal studies use SNPs and SSRs at comparable frequencies (14.29% and 17.86%, respectively). The analysis revealed that various statistical methods or combinations of statistical methods are used to assess the diversity and genetic structure of populations. Statistical indicators used within this meta-analysis revealed highly significant heterogeneity between studies (12=97.3% and P-value < 0.0001), suggesting publication bias due to the methodological limitations intrinsic to small samples, combined with the specificities of genetic markers, type of biological material and data analysis methods.