Paper reviewed article on the physiology and adaptive mechanism of camel /dromedary/ in semi-desert and arid environment

The camel is an important animal component of the fragile desert eco-system. With its unique bio-physiological characteristics, the camel has become an icon of adaptation to challenging ways of living in arid and semi-arid regions. The camelidus inhabit the most extreme climates on the globe and their process of multiplication is determined by the availability of food and protection for the newborn, consequently their reproduction is governed by these factors. The physiological mechanisms, which allow the camel to survive periods of over two weeks without drinking water and to eat the most unpalatable plants, all have to do with the conservation of water and Up to 30 per cent of its body weight can be lost by loss of water - amounts that would be fatal in the case of other farm animals or even man. All the functions of the dromedary organism are conceived to be physiologically adapted to “water and food restrictions” and to a very hot climate. More specifically as with all mammals, camel reproduction is adapted to its specific behavioural, anatomical, physiological and endocrinological peculiarities and in addition to this review will deal with the reproductive performance of the dromedary/ the one-humped, hot-desert camel. The camel is one of the most important desert animal and the following points discussing how the camel copes with the desert environment. Knowing the peculiar characteristics of camel physiology is essential for researcher and breeders for Better selection, disease control, improved husbandry could not only improves production but also could improve productivity and quality of camel herds general, Whereas Improving reproductive capacity of the female and males camels through proper selection and best husbandry practice could improves the economic benefits from camel.