Insecticide residues level in tomato fruits wash collected from wad medani market using mosquito larvae (Anopheles Arabiensis Patton) as a bio-indicator

The aim of the present study was to assess the level of pesticide residues in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) fruits collected from Wad Medani market brought from three different location in Gezira state (Alhoush, Alrahad and Almadina Arab) by using mosquito (Anopheles arabiensis Patton) larvae. The 3rd or early 4th instar as a bio-indicator tool instead of high technology and costly analytical equipment was used. A total of 27 samples of tomatoes from market were collected. First the mortality was evaluated by taking 10 larvae/replicate (3 replicates/concentration), and each experiment was repeated three times to obtain the Probit model of insecticides used to control insects and then used later in the study to calculate the residues. The insecticide residues in tape water fruit wash of tomato fruits collected from the market from three localities were investigated by using the mosquito larvae. The mortality results were subjected to the equation of the regression line for each insecticide used to control the insect pest, as the Probit model, to calculate the concentration of the insecticides used in tomato fruits collected from the market. The residues were measured from 500 g and 1 kg of fruits as mg/g tomato fruit. The results provided important information on the current pesticide contamination status of the tomato consumed vegetables and pointed an urgent need to control the use of plant protection products applied. These results also show that the detected pesticides may be considered a public health problem. Malathion and cypermethrin residues in the 0.5kg and 1kg of tomatoes batches brought from the three localities Alrahad, Alhoush and Almadina Arab were found below the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.02mg/kg body weight and 0.05mg/kg body weight, for the two insecticides malathion and cypermethrin respectively. Although, that not means the tomatoes fruit brought to the market free of human health risk. Therefore the organic farming is highly needed to minimize the harmful risk of pesticides to human health.