Influence of blood groups, sleep quality and physical activity levels on the cardiovascular profile of teachers of the university of douala (Cameroon)

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are influenced by emerging risk factors like sleep quality and blood groups. However, regular physical activity (PA) may have positive impacts on cardiovascular health and sleep. The aim of this research was to study the influence of blood groups, sleep quality and physical activity levels on the cardiovascular profile of teachers of the University of Douala. Material and methods: The present study was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. A structured questionnaire was developed taking into account socio-demographic and professional characteristics and family history. PA level was assessed using the international physical activity questionnaire and sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Anthropometric (mass, waist and hips circumference, height and body composition), cardiovascular (blood pressure, heart rate and blood sugar level) parameters were measured and blood types determined. Results: A total of 200 teachers (38 women and 162 men) participated in the study. Their mean age was 40 ± 8 years. More than half (76%) were overweight/obese ,52% were abdominally obese and 35% had a high waist circumference/hip circumference. Less than half (46%) of the teachers had a poor quality sleep meanwhile 29% had a sleep duration less than 6 h. Overweight/general obesity and hypertension was significantly (p=0.029 et p=0.008 respectively) present in those with a poor quality sleep. The most represented blood group to the least was as follow; O>A>B>AB (44.5% 32.5% 18.0% 5.0% respectively). Those with blood group AB presented a higher frequency of cardiometabolic factors. Less than half (33.5%) of the teachers had a low physical activity level. Conclusion: To sum up, poor quality sleep had a negative impact on the cardiovascular profile of teachers. Blood group AB was most at risk. The high level of physical activity was the one with the most positive effect on cardiometabolic risk factors.