Impact of water bodies on yield of cotton crop

The second largest producer of cotton in the world after china is India, accounting for about 18% of the world’s cotton production. In the world 12.2 million hectares area is under cotton cultivation. Per hectare yield is low. From 2002-2012 the range of yield of cotton kilogram per hectare was 350-500. The yield of cotton in India is low due to traditional methods used in the cultivation of cotton. Textile sector is the second largest provider of employment after agriculture (Maheshkumar, 2013). Most of micronutrients are present in the water when we supply the water after sowing the seeds, water soluble micronutrient increase the cell wall strength and preventing it from wilting (Zhang F.S., et al. 1991); pH of water is 7.0-7.5 which maintained the pH of soil and increases the yield of cotton crop from 740 kg/acre to 1260 kg/acre; the hardness of river water is 600-624 ppm due to the presence of chlorides, sulphate, carbonates, nitrates and phosphates of calcium, magnesium and other metal ions which play vital role in the yield of cotton crop. Zinc is an essential component of various enzyme systems for energy production, protein synthesis and growth regulation. A primary function of boron is related to cell wall formation, Sugar transport in plants, flower retention, pollen formation and germination. Seed as well as grain production are reduced with low boron supply. Iron is involved in the production of chlorophyll and iron chlorosis is easily recognized on iron sensitive crops growing on calcareous soils. Iron is also a component of many enzymes associated with energy transfer, nitrogen reduction, fixation and lignin formation. Iron is associated with sulfur in plants to form compounds that catalyze other reactions.