Genetic analysis of female infertility with the effect of human bmp15 and gdf9 genes: a review

Infertility is a major health problem now a days and it was described as the condition of healthy individual who is unable to conceive or produce or sustain a successful pregnancy during a one year period. A large number of genes are found on X chromosome and autosomes. Two closely related members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF- β) super family: growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) originates from oocytes are played a very important role in determining follicle growth and these two genes drastically altered fertility and ovulatory rate and early folliculogenesis in humans. In this review, we focused on genetic analysis of female infertility that indicated mutations in these two genes can decrease the inhibin production and increase follicle stimulating hormone levels and lead to ovarian failure causes infertility. Blockage of folliculogenesis in human with a low ovulation rate and the development of monoclonal antibodies may block the activities of these two genes might be useful in the development of novel contraceptive tools for human purposes.