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Evaluation Of Skeletal Maturation Using Mandibular Second Molar Calcification In South Indian Population

Author: 
Mithun, K. Dr. Naveen Shamnur, Dr. Gopalkrishna, B. R., Dr. Ashith, M. V. Dr. Deesha Kumari and Dr. Valerie Anithra Pereira
Subject Area: 
Health Sciences
Abstract: 

Background: Assessment of skeletal maturity and dental development is a common clinical practice in many health professions, especially for growth modification in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics and for age estimation in forensic sciences. Generally, dental development can be assessed by phase of tooth eruption or stage of tooth calcification, with the latter being more reliable. An assessment of skeletal development is commonly done using hand-wrist radiographs and lateral cephalograms. Aim: To evaluate the relationships between the stages of mandibular second molar calcification and skeletal maturity, and to evaluate whether second molar calcification stages can be used as a reliable diagnostic tool to determine skeletal maturity. Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiograph and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 200 subjects was analysed. Tooth calcification was rated according to the Demirjian Index, in which one of eight stages of calcification (A to H) was assigned to the tooth. Evaluation of Cervical Vertebrae Maturity on Lateral Cephalogram CVMI was done according to Hassel and Farman. Results: A highly significant association was found between DI and CVMI. DI stage E corresponded to stage 2 of CVMI (pre–peak of pubertal growth spurt) and DI stages F corresponded to stages 3 CVMI (peak of pubertal growth spurt). DI stage G and H was associated with stages 4, 5 and 6 of CVMI (end of pubertal growth spurt). Conclusion: There exists a highly positive correlation between DI of mandibular 2nd molars and CVMI, Stage F of DI with the root length equal to or greater than the crown height, corresponds to stage 3 of CVMI indicating the start of peak in mandibular growth which would be appropriate time to plan for functional appliances. Stage G and H of DI with partially to completely closed apex corresponding to CVMI 4, 5 and 6 indicates that peak of mandibular growth has already occurred and suggests insignificant/no remaining growth.

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