Catalogue of medicinal plants used in the region of al-haouz rhamna (central morocco) as a diuretic and anti-gallstone

This study fits into the framework of the valorisation of the resources of the region of Al Haouz-Rhamna (central Morocco), medicinal plants and their traditional uses. Also, this ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants has been carried out in this region, with a view to establishing the catalog of medicinal plants to diuretic property anti-gallstones and used in traditional medicine in the said region. The information requested have focused on the plant, its local name, its parts used, its toxicity and medical practices relating in the region studied. Has the help of 1700 sheets questionnaires which have been carried out of the field during two campaigns (2012 and 2013). The results allowed us to identify 100 Medicinal plants divided into 84 genera and belonging to 41 families among which four predominate including Apiaceae (14 species), the Lamiaceae (10 species), the Fabaceae (7 species) and the Rosaceae (6 species). Among the species surveyed, 61 species are traditionally used as anti-gallstones, 12 are used as diuretics and 27 are used both as diuretics and anti-gallstones. The results also show that among these species, 35 are toxics and 11 species are more used in the region namely: Petroselinum sativum, Zea mays, Opuntia ficus-indica, Herniaria hirsuta, Lavandula dentata, Citrus limetta, Ziziphus Lotus, Cynodon dactylon, Hordeum vulgare, Crocus sativus and Juncus maritimus. Also, the results showed that the leaves (31%), the roots (25%) and seeds (23%) are the main parties used to prepare the recipes. Alone or in combination, these parties are involved in the development of revenue by processes using mainly the decoction. The revenues are administered by the oral route via the water. Furthermore, the diversity of therapies identified in the region concerned is a cultural wealth. The data reported by this study could constitute a source of information that is very valuable to this region and they could be a basis for a comprehensive study in the field of phytochemistry in order to produce and identify new natural drug that could be endowed with therapeutic properties interesting in the prevention of the formation of the urinary lithiasis.