May 2018

The sad reality is that we live in an increasingly violent society in which the fear of crime is ever-present. Personal safety has become an issue of importance for everyone, especially for women. Where awareness fails we need efficient devices to assure our safety. Our aim is to create a complete safety features enabled portable device which will give true right for everyone to live their freedom to the fullest. This system consists of 2 sections, one is a smart belt & other is a smart bag both are wearable and user-friendly gadgets .These devices are handy made for portable use in almost any circumstance. Our first line of defense is personal safety feature is that it sends an emergency message to your chosen contacts with the push of a single button, We start by sending text message; one Guardian we designate will receive a message, with a link to a map showing your location via GPS. It will be sending the alert messages continuously for a particular amount of time to the nearby police station (normal mode) and to the railway help line number (train mode). As part of keeping our privacy, the device will contain the Hidden Camera detector. This device utilizes unique and intelligent technique that interferes with the 1.2/2.4GHz signals of wireless camera. I t can disable almost all types of existing spy cameras working at wireless video, in dressing rooms and Bluetooth cams, great for protecting your privacy in today's city life. We have also incorporates an anti theft alarm for the smart bag & also to the belt with NFC technology. As an ultimate form of defense , we have incorporated a teaser section along with belt, that produces shock whenever there is necessary.

The chemical composition and anatomical structure on mature Schizostachyum brachycladum Kurz investigated. Harvested four-year-old bamboo culms segregated into the bottom, middle and top portions. The samples then undergo the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine their structure such as vascular bundle, parenchyma, and sclerenchyma, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to detect and quantify the changes of chemical composition of bamboo under the different variables which were extractive and the free extractive. The anatomical structures and the chemical compositions of the bamboo culms such as the extractive, holocellulose, alpha cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents were analyzed. Standards by the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) followed. Results show the chemical composition especially the extractive, and alpha cellulose were higher at the bottom portion around 5% and 54% respectively, while top portions shows higher in the value of the holocellulose and hemicellulose at 90% and 51%, respectively. The lignin content was higher in the middle portions at 20%. The SEM viewed cell wall structure of vascular bundle, parenchyma, sclerenchyma, and vessel. The different part of mature S. brachycladum Kurz which are top, middle and bottom at the 50X magnification viewed. The FTIR spectroscopy which are applied for the determination, quantify, and detected of chemical composition, lignin distribution, changes in wood properties during wood composites manufacture, wood density and discrimination of wood and non-wood from various species. The O-H stretching absorption bands (around 3600-3200 cm-1) and C-H absorption bands (around 2927 cm-1) have contributions from all these chemical components.

Industrialization and modernization has led to high demand of energy resources thereby increasing the transportation and demand of crude oil and its products via different types of steel products which are prone to wear and tear leading to spillages of all forms in marine, brackish and fresh water habitats. This study is aimed at creating an environmental analysis index corrosion map of the shorelines of Ndoni river, Ahoada river, New Calabar river, Tombia river, Buguma river and Bonny estuary as well as determine corrosion rates of carbon steel coupons on these shorelines. Different methods of shoreline sensitivity were used in this study which includes that of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Nigeria Oil Producing Trade Sector (OPTS). A total of eight ESI types were found in the area and they include 1b, 3a, 4a, 6b, 9b, 9c, 10a and 10b. The most prevalent faunas found in these shorelines include crocodile, iguana, sea turtle, jellyfish, tilapia, frog, snail, toad, white crab, shorebirds, earthworm and millipede. Spearman`s correlation coefficient (r) value of 0.93 was the result of the relationship between the number of socioeconomic features and biological species along the shorelines. The corrosion rates of the carbon steel coupons in the various shorelines of Ndoni river, Ahoada river, New Calabar river, Tombia river, Buguma river and Bonny estuary are 44.068g/yr, 69.912g/yr, 72.435g/yr, 86.559g/yr. 119.420g/yr and 191.591g/yr respectively. The carbon coupons had lower corrosion rates in freshwater habitats followed by brackishwater habitats and highest in the estuarine habitat. Results from this study can serve as a quick reference point for oil spill responders as well as integral component of oil spill contingency planning, corrosion monitoring and decision making on type of steel to use on these various habitats.

Background: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), a highly prevalent malignant disease is a leading cause of death in several regions in Southern China including countries in Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, NPC is a major multi-ethnic problem and it remains one of the most confusing and commonly misdiagnosed disease until advanced stages. Chemotherapy improves treatment but also contribute towards increased risk of thrombosis in cancer. Methods: A total of 12 subjects (males n=8; Stage II n=2; Stage III n=2, Stage IV n=8) were recruited into the study. Blood sampling was performed at pre- and post-chemotherapy cycles 1 to 3 followed by radiotherapy. PT (INR), aPTT, TT ratios were determined together with D-dimer, platelets and platelet aggregation. Results: The mean age of NPC patients was 43.3 ±9.0 years. Pre-chemotherapy ratios of PT, aPTT and TT were <1.0 which indicated a hypercoagulable state. No significant variation in these parameters were seen post-chemoradiotherapy except that D-dimer were elevated postradiotherapy and platelet numbers significantly reduced from cycle 2. However, 4 patients (33.3%) with Stage IV disease had D-dimer levels above the normal level (<500 ng/mL) at post-radiotherapy were further analysed. This suggest a further enhanced hypercoagulable and hyperfibrinolysis state and thromboembolic risk following radiotherapy in this small cohort study. Conclusion: Chemoradiotherapy enhance the risk of thromboembolism in 33.3% of advanced NPC patients in this small study group. These findings indicate that not all NPC patients show enhanced risk of thromboembolism following chemoradiotherapy.

The linoleic acid derivative 8-[2-(2-pentyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-cyclopropyl]-octanoic acid (DCP-LA), with cyclopropane rings instead of cis-double bonds, serves as a selective activator of PKCε. The present study investigated whether PKCε, activated by DCP-LA, phosphorylates PKCε itself and how phosphorylated PKCε affects its own activity. DCP-LA phosphorylated PKCε at the serine residues, but not the threonine residues, in PC-12 cells, which is abolished the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. The plasmids for wild-type and mutant PKCε were transfected into MSTO-211H human malignant mesothelioma cells with very little expression of the PKCε mRNA. DCP-LA enhanced PKCε activity approximately 7 folds in MSTO-211H cells transfected with the wild-type rat PKCε plasmid as compared with that in non-transfected control cells. Such effect was not obtained with cells transfected with the plasmid for mutant rat PKCε replacing Ser234, Ser316, Ser368, or Ser729 by Ala. Taken together, these results indicate that PKCε, activated by DCP-LA, enhances its own activity through serine autophosphorylation

Background: Chronic headache is one of the most common symptoms which are distressing to both patients and physicians. Due to the nagging nature of patients and inability of the physician to diagnose and problems of self-medications, nature of headache remains undiagnosed in spite of many elaborated battery of tests. The aim of the present study is to determine the most commonly associated clinical features of sinusitis. Materials and methods: The present prospective study was conducted in the department of ENT JSS medical college and hospital. The study was conducted from a period of Nov 2012 to June 2014. The study included a total of 50 patients with clinically proven inflammatory sinonasal diseases not responding to medical line of treatment. A complete detail about their signs and symptoms was also recorded in a tabulated form. Data was expressed as percentage of the total information and analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: The most commonly associated symptom was nasal obstruction, it was seen in 40 patients (80%). The next most commonly associated symptoms were headache and nasal discharge seen amongst 74% (n=37) and 72% (n= 36) subjects respectively. There were 36% (n=18) subjects having congested and normal nasal mucosa respectively. The nasal septum was central in 42% (n=21) subjects. Approximately 38% (n=19) subjects had mucoid discharge. Conclusion: Purulent nasal discharge was seen to be the most predominant sign seen in all the patients which was one of the commonest sign seen in cases.

Objective: To assess the occurrence of pulmonary regurgitation and right ventricular diastolic dysfunction in Tetralogy of Fallot after total correction and to correlate its severity with right ventricular diastolic dysfunction in early post operative period after total correction in TOF patients. Methods: We prospectively studied 38 TOF patients who has undergone total correction. Standard 2-Dimentional & doppler Trans thoracic echocardiographic assessment was done at seventh day , three month and six month after total correction . Pulmonary regurgitation severity, right ventricular diastolic dysfunction, right ventricular myocardial performance index, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion were assessed. Results: Most of the patients (50%) were < 5 year of age. 23 (60.5%) had none or mild pulmonary regurgitation while 15(39.5%) had moderate or severe pulmonary regurgitation. At 6 month follow up 86.8% patients had right ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Grade I, II and III right ventricular diastolic dysfunction was found in 31.6%, 31.6% and 23.7% respectively. Mean TAPSE and right ventricular myocardial performance index values at 6 month were 10.9±2.4mm and 39.07±7.8 respectively. The mean RVMPI was normal in none/mild pulmonary regurgitation severity group while it was abnormally high in mod/severe pulmonary regurgitation severity group. Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient value for pulmonary regurgitation severity group and RV diastolic dysfunction grade was 0.438, 0.50, and 0.447 on 7thday, three month and six month follow up respectively. Conclusion: PR severity had moderate positive correlation with right ventricular diastolic dysfunction in early post operative period after total correction in TOF patients.

The aim of the study is to analyze the work environment and problems of public health nurses working within the primary health care system in Turkey, and propose solutions from a societal and nursing point of view. In the world, the need for quality work force in primary health care has increased due to the expansion of health care coverage today. Despite the fact that there are graduate and doctoral programs in Public Health Nursing Departments of universities in our country, nurses and nurse midwives working in community health centers and family health centers carry out the duties of public health nurses within Turkey’s healthcare system. The number of public health nurses employed in primary healthcare institutions is very low and insufficient. The conditions in these primary work environments affect public health nurses negatively in terms of physical, psychological and social aspects. It is necessary to improve the employee personal rights of public health nurses, reestablish the occupational identity of public health nursing, and improve the conditions for providing holistic health care.

Background: Totally Extra Peritoneal (TEP) Approach in strengthening of posterior wall defect by placing a prosthetic mesh by a posterior approach is commonly practiced for hernia repair. There was a paucity of literature on the long term analysis of outcomes using heavy weight and light weight meshes. Objective: To compare the outcomes in endoscopic total extra-peritoneal groin hernia repair using lightweight and heavyweight polypropylene mesh. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital based prospective randomized clinical trial conducted among 66 patients over a period of 5 years to compare the outcomes of patients following laparoscopic total extra-peritoneal technique of tension free groin hernia repair using standard heavyweight (Prolene®) and lightweight (Ultrapro®) mesh prosthesis. A total of 32 participants were included in heavyweight mesh group and 34 in lightweight mesh group. All patients were randomly divided into two groups by computer generated random number tables. The study participants were followed for a period of 5 years to assess occurrence of chronic groin pain, recurrence, operative time, postoperative pain on days 0, 1 and 7 (VAS scores), return to normal daily activities, testicular pain and seroma formation. Results: The mean age + SD of study participants in lightweight meshgroup was 54.14 ± 8.33 yrs while it was 54.84 ± 6.75 yrs in heavyweight meshgroup and all study participants were males except one. The average time for return to normal daily activities was 2.35 days in lightweight meshgroup while it was 3.12 days in heavyweight meshgroup (p value =0.01). Post operative pain on day 7and chronic groin pain was statistically significantly lower in lightweight mesh group than heavyweight meshgroup (p value<0.01). Conclusion: The use of lightweight mesh for groin hernia repair is a safe and viable option. It offers many advantages in terms of decreased chronic groin pain and decreased post operative morbidity

Objective: To compare the accuracy of gender determination using two different techniques - Davidson bodies identification in blood smear and Barr bodies identification in buccal smear. Methods: A blinded study using 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females) was performed. Peripheral blood smear was obtained from each patient and stained with Leishman stain for identification of Davidson bodies. Buccal smears were obtained from each patient and stained with H and E stain for identification of Barr bodies. 100 neutrophils in blood smear and 100 squamous cells in buccal smear were identified and examined for the presence of Davidson bodies and Barr bodies respectively. Result: Our results showed that females had 1-2% of Davidson bodies in neutrophils compared to 0% in males. However, such clear cut differentiation was not obtained using Barr bodies. Conclusion: Davidson bodies and Barr bodies are independent variables. Davidson bodies in blood smear are highly specific when compared to Barr bodies in buccal smear. Thus morphological gender determination using Davidson bodies in hematopathology is easy, reliable, less time consuming and cost effective.

Aims and Objectives: This study was done to compare and evaluate the retention of crown on abutment with polished surface, circumferential grooves, sandblasted and abutment both with grooves and surface abrasion using different cements. Materials and Methods: In this study, 10 test samples each with polished surface, circumferential grooves, sandblasted, both with grooves and surface abrasion were used. The copings were fabricated in conventional way with a wax ring attached to the occlusal portion. Different cements tempbond, Resin modified GIC (GC Fuji Cem), polycarboxlate cement (Harvard Cement) was applied. Each coping was seated and a static load of 50 N was applied. The specimens were assembled in the universal testing machine and subjected to a pullout test. The forces required to remove the copings were recorded in new tons. To compare the mean values between Cements and Models two way ANOVA was applied, for pair wise comparison of mean values Tukey HSD post hoc test were used. Results: The mean peak load was highest 272.85 in grooves and sandblasted surface using polycarboxylate cement .The mean break load highest 40.080 in sandblasted surface. The mean ultimate tensile strength was significantly highest 15.142 in grooves & sandblasted using polycarboxylate cement. Conclusion: The retention of the crown on abutment with the sandblasted Surface and grooves provided better retention under peak load and impart ultimate tensile strength. The break load was maximum in sandblasted surface using definitive cement GC Fuji cem.

Objective: The increased demand for esthetic restorations contributed for their development to adequately meet the clinical requirements of direct and indirect restorations in anterior and posterior teeth. This study was conducted to assess the influence of commonly used types of drinks in Saudi Arabia, on color stability of nano-ormocer bulk filling material compared to nano-hybrid resin-composite. Materials and methods: two types of materials were used Nano-hybrid composite (Filtek Z250) and Nano-Ormocer (VOCO admira fusion x-tra). A total number of 40 cylindrical specimens with dimensions of (4 mm in thickness and 6 mm in diameter) were divided into two equal groups according to the material used. Then each group was subdivided into 4 equal subgroups according to storage media (Arabiana coffee, Nestle classic instant coffee, Pepsi and distilled water as control). For both materials: the initial color was recorded. After three week’s storage, the deviation from initial color was recorded. Results: The results showed significant color change of nano-ormocer compared to nano-hybrid composite in Pepsi and Arbiana coffee storage media. Conclusion: Bulk fill Nano-Ormocer is a serious competitor to conventional Nano-Composite in the battle of esthetics.

Objectives • To define the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in early evaluation of painful hip joints. • To establish a differential diagnosis of the various painful hip joint conditions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). • To assess the severity and extent of the underlying lesion in various conditions of painful hip joint. Materials and Methods • This prospective observational study was carried out over Period of one year in the Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Government Medical College, and associated hospitals Srinagar All patients referred to the Department of Radio-Diagnosis from outpatient department (OPD), in-patient wards or Emergency section with clinically suspected acute or chronic painful hip disorders were included the study. Patients with history of acute trauma were excluded. An adequate history was elicited, followed by a focused clinical examination. All the cases were done on Siemens Magneton Symphony 1.5 tesla (Siemens Healthcare, Germany), Results: among 50 patients of painful hip pathology, 47 (94%) patients were diagnosed accurately by Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) and three pathologies were diagnosed incorrectly. Among these pathologies, one was Transient osteoporosis, second lesion was osteoid osteoma of femoral head, third lesion was septic arthritis Conclusion: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip joint is a rapid, non- invasive, non- ionizing and accurate diagnostic imaging modality for the assessment of hip pain and sufficient imaging modality for delineation of different hip joint pathology.

Aim: In this study, we evaluated the incidence of nutcracker syndrome as a cause of varicocele in young adults and its relation with body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: This prospective study included a total of 30 patients who were referred for high resolution (HR) ultrasound examination of scrotum for evaluation of varicocele. Upper abdominal ultrasonography (USG) and Doppler was done in all cases for assessment of renal vein hilar and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) segment transverse diameter, peak velocities in hilar and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) segments of renal vein. Results: In our study we found Nutcracker phenomenon to be a cause of varicocele in 13.33% of cases of varicocele. We also observed that it was more common in cases with low body mass index (BMI) and higher grades of varicocle. Conclusion: Upper abdominal scan for assessment of status of renal vein should be routinely done in all cases of varicocele, particularly in cases with higher grades of varicocele and low body mass index (BMI)

A colostomy is a surgical procedure in which an opening (stoma) is formed by drawing the healthy end of the large intestine or colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it into place. This opening, in conjunction with the attached stoma appliance, provides an alternative channel for feces and flatus to leave the body. It may be reversible or irreversible depending on the circumstances. Two patients where done to them right hemicoloctomy with end to side ileo- transverse anastamosis with vented colostomy where done to them. Closure of vented colostomy subcutaneously where done to them. The Subcutaneous (extra peritoneal) closure of the vent- colostomy to cormorbidity patients is very save method even if fecal fistula was occured no intraperitoneal contamination was happend because the peritoneal cavity was not opened, and no other complication were occured.

Background: - Physical activity is a major risk factor of the disease which leads cardio respiratory problem, obesity etc. maximal (or peak) oxygen consumption (VO2max) is acknowledge as the best physiological measure of cardio respiratory fitness. Aerobic exercise is associated with improvement in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and cardiovascular fitness. Objective: To determine the Efficacy of Jacobson’s Relaxation Technique in improving the aerobic fitness ((VO2max) in young adults. Participants: Total sixty subjects have been included in the study (aged 18-40 years). The subjects were randomly selected through chit method and divided into two group i.e 30 in Jacobson’s Relaxation Technique Group (A) and 30 in Aerobic Exercise (brisk walking Group (B) respectively. the pre and post intervention SPO2, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and VO2max were noted and compared in two exercise conditions for duration of 4 weeks. The VO2max was measured for baseline and after 4 weeks intervention with the help of Rockport walking test. Result: The statistical analysis revealed significant difference in post 4 week intervention reading of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (t value = 1.928, p= 0.59), but the not significant difference of SPO2 (t value = 0.929, p= 0.358), Diastolic Blood Pressure (t value = 1.307, p= 0.197) Systolic Blood Pressure (t value = 0.412, p= 0.082), Heart Rate (t value = 0.658, p= 0.513) respectively. Similarly, there were significant difference with in Jacobson relaxation exercise Group for pre and post 4 week intervention value of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (t value = 6.146, p= 0.00), SPO2 (t value = 3.633, p= 0.001), Diastolic Blood Pressure (t value = 1.120, p= 0.197) Systolic Blood Pressure (t value = 2.615, p= 0.14), Heart Rate (t value = 19.630, p= 0.00) respectively. Conclusion- This study concluded that the Exercise interventions in form of Jacobson’s Relaxation Technique and Aerobic Exercise can bring improvement in maximal oxygen uptake (vo2max) in normal young adults. It is hypothetically proved that the Jacobson’s relaxation technique is more effective as compared to the aerobic exercise.

Aim and Objectives: To determine the reasons/factors forgetting orthodontic treatment done and the expectations of the rural Maharashtrian population who are undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Method: A structured questionnaire was used for this study.90 randomly selected patients were recruited. The questionnaire comprised of 10questions related to reasons and awareness for seeking orthodontic treatment and the patients’ expectations. The data was collected on an excel sheet and presented in graphical form. Results: Facial and dental aesthetics is a significant determinant in the decision to undergo orthodontic treatment. Thus it is essential to understand subjective motives for undergoing orthodontic therapy and thereby set treatment goals.

Introduction: “The kidneys perform a critical regulatory function within the cardiovascular system.” Burn injury of the skin increase local vascular permeability and and exudates rich in protein and salt leaks from the plasma to produce burn oedema. Prevention, identification and treatment of actual renal failure that occurs when the insult exceeds the capacity of normal protective renal homeostatic response to shock, have to be considered on this background. Material and Methods: 62 cases of both sex and different age group coming to surgical emergency within 48 hours after sustaining burn injury and involoving more than 10 percent body surface in children and more than 15 percent in adults. Results: Investigations was done to evaluate renal function by following tests- PSP excretion on 1st, 3rd and 7 th post op day, level of blood urea, serum creatinine level, serum sodium level, serum potassium level.

An ethno botanical study was carried out to collect evidence on the use of medicinal plants by the people who live in Topslip and Ooty Taluk of Coimbatore and Ooty district, Tamil Nadu. This study designed to identify plants collected for medicinal purposes by the local people and tribals of Topslip and Ooty, located in the Coimbatore and Ooty district of Tamil Nadu and to document the traditional names, preparation and uses of these plants. This is the first ethnobotanical study in which statistical calculations about plants are done by ICF (Informant Consensus Factor) method. Field research was conducted by collecting ethno botanical information during structured and semi-structured interviews with native knowledgeable people in region. A total of 51 medicinal plants belonging to 31 families were identified in the area. These plants, used in the treatment of many different diseases, are freely harvested in this region at abundant amounts. In this assertion, the information collected from the traditional healers was used to compare with the already accessible literature on the ethnobotany of India. Results of the survey showed that leaf materials form the major component of plant parts harvested. The majority of the remedies are prepared in the form of dry powder from freshly collected plant parts. Mst of the remedies are prepared from a variety of species, and are mainly taken orally. Most of the medicinal plants are collected from the wild. Annamalai hills and Chinchona village Ooty an important area for medicinal plants and associated local knowledge; the natural vegetation being the most important reservoir for the majority of the medicinal plants. Environmental and cultural variations are in the course of threatening the resources and this signals the need for thoughtful efforts to create public awareness so that measures are taken to conserve the plants in the natural ecosystems and other suitable environments.

This research on sustainable ecological and environmental education has been realized with students from BIOTERRA University of Bucharest and with high school students from Ion Luca Caragiale (ILC) National Collegium from Bucharest, being used qualitative and quantitative research methods. The research on ecological education and environmental education shows the correlation between them, and for sustainable them are very necessary to develop and complementarity of the three types of education-formal, non-formal and informal. Sustainable formal ecological education and environmental education, realized in framework of the courses, seminars, practical laboratory work, lessons involve numerous educational ways, by applied of practical-heuristic and interactive methodologies based on participation-active methods, student-centered methods, mainly on investigations and projects maked by students in team and group. Also, has been applied and identified as better didactical ways, the SMART methodologies with of aid of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and of numerous modern methods, e.g. Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) through applications of the High School Educational Assistance (HSEA), multi-media demonstration, practical electronic works correlated to modeling of some object models with aid of electronic means, what is constituted in smart methodologies, through which can be realized Smart Sustainable Ecological and Environmental Education. All these methodologies identified, respectively the practical-heuristic and interactive methodology and SMART methodology brings one cognitive and affective plus, contributing to sustainability of ecological and environmental education, to sustainable and SMART education, demonstrated by results of assessment tests.

Helicobacter pylori, a gastric pathogen that colonizes approximately 50% of the world’s population. Infection with H.pylori is the strongest known risk factor for some GI disorders including gastric cancer. Probiotics have considerable potential for preventive or therapeutic applications in various gastrointestinal disorders. So, the aim of this study was in vitro study of the potential inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus strains on H.pylori Growth. The aim of the potential inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus strains on H.pylori by using a standard antimicrobial plate well diffusion assay and liquid media assay. Among the two, L. acidophilus showed maximum zone of inhibition of a diameter of 22 18 mm against H.pylori. When the supernatant of the culture media of L. acidophilus was diluted with PBS, the zone of inhibition was decreased. On the other hand, L. rhamnosus showed maximum zone of inhibition of 23 mm in diameter against H.pylori. Unlike L. acidophilus, supernatant of the culture media of L. rhamnosus did not show any zone of inhibition upon dilution with PBS. Bacteriocins from Lactobacillus strains were found to be heat-stable (1210C for 15 min) and active over a wide pH range of 5.0-9.0. Addition of surfactants (EDTA, SDS, CTAB) up to 1% to crude supernatant containing Bacteriocins showed increase in antibacterial activity; whereas NaCl concentration of 2% increased the antibacterial activity. Study concluded that the growth of the cancer bacteria H.pylori can be controlled by Lactobacillus strain but still requires optimization.

Natural products have been a major source of new drugs. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are a source of many potent and powerful drugs. Medicinal plants are used by 80% of world population as the only available medicines especially in developing countries. Over the past twenty five years, interest in medicinal plants has grown enormously from the use of herbal products as nature cosmetics and for self-medication by the general public for their biological effects. Trigonellafoenum commonly known as Fenugreek used as a spice and the leaves are edible and used as vegetable in many part of India. Fenugreek seed is reported to have anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, anti-fertility, lactation stimulant and hypocholesterolaemic effects. In Ayurveda, both fenugreek seeds and leaves are used to prepare extracts or power for medicinal use.

Genetic relationships between five genotypes (Abrus Precatorius. L) with different seed coatcolours (Red with black eyespot, black, white brown and maroon) were collected from different places of Andhra Pradesh were analyzed using RAPD and ISSR markers. Ten RAPD (decamers) and five (ISSR) primers were prescreened for their amplication potential. Of which 3 RAPD and 3 ISSR primers produced clear and reproducible amplified products. For RAPD analysis, 3 random primers (OPA – 02, OPA – 16 and OPC – 09) were used which amplified 25bandsof which 15 were polymorphic with and ever age polymorphism of 60.00%. the amplified products varied size from 500 – 3000 bp. For ISSR analysis, 3 primers were used which produced 32 bands, 23 of which were polymorphic (71.87%). The size of amplified bands ranged from 500 – 3000 bp. The efficiency of primers in generating sufficient information for genetic diversity analysis was computed using discriminatory power (Di), which ranged from 0.00 – 0.24 for RAPDs and 0.00 – 0.28 for ISSRs. The date analysis based on Jacquard’s similarity coefficient and UPGMA Clusters analysis revealed that genotypes with Red and brown on seed coats were more diverse as compared to other three genotypes (RAPD Clusters) while as in ISSR cluster analysis. Maroon and red seed coats were more diverse as compared to black. Because maroon and coated genotype was collected from Seshachalam Forest, which is located inChittor District, while the rest with four genotypes were collected from east Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh.

Skin which is a collection of layers serves as barrier against external and internal stimuli. In case of any fluctuation, its normal functioning suffers and causes resistance in its regulating and protective role. In current review, skin wounds, their healing and after wards dermal regeneration process was focused. To speed up the process of wound healing them edicinal flora of Pakistan contributes a lot and assists as healing boosters along with recovery of other diverse skin ailments. That is why, future investigations should be made to gain benefit from this local herbal treasure to serve humanity at low cost.

Green synthesis is an effective concept towards ecofriendly synthesis, as chemical synthesis is toxic and harmful. The work focuses on the green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles from red spinach and Aloe vera with magnesium nitrate as precursor of magnesium. The UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were performed for characterization of nanoparticles. The synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles are implemented in the treatment of polluted water. The bacteria were isolated from polluted water and antibacterial susceptibility test was performed to measure the zone of inhibition. Thus, the present study mainly focuses on the treatment of polluted water using magnesium oxide nanoparticles.

Aim: A survey was conducted to develop measures in expansion of dental facilities to rural population. Materials and Method: A questionnaire based study was conducted among the dentists practicing in Karadtaluka and Karad rural area to explore the need and difficulties for extending the dental facilities to the rural area. The survey was conducted on 70 dentists practicing in Karadtaluka in Maharashtra. Results: Out of the total participants, around 41.4% dentists were willing to extend their dental services in rural areas of Karad. 48.6% dentists were not willing for the same,out of which 10% dentists believed that it was not feasible, 14.3% dentists thought it has high input low outcome while 8.6% felt poor dental awareness among the rural population. Conclusion: The genuine problems faced by the dentists in the rural areas should be taken into consideration and dental awareness should be created in the rural areas.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer that affects the head and neck region with highest mortality rate among all malignancies and it is the sixth common malignancy reported worldwide. Aims: To evaluate the level of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: This prospective study was done in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during the period of July 2015 to June 2017. Fifty six patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. After the clinical evaluation, all patients were undergone to either unilateral or bilateral neck dissection. The excised lymph nodes along with fibrofatic tissue were examined histopathologically according to level base to find out the lymph node status. Result: Lymph node metastasis was significantly increased with the increases of tumour size in OSCC. Histopathologically this study showed, 57.1% cases had lymph node metastasis, where 53.1% patients had lymph node metastasis at level-I, 25.0% patient had metastasis at level-II, 15.6% patients had lymph node metastasis at both level-I and II and 6.3% patients had metastasis at both level-II and III. In this study no lymph node metastasis was found at level-IV and level-V. Conclusion: Selective supraomohyoid neck dissection (level I-III) should be done as an elective treatment in T1-T4. Lymph node Level IV should be included only when there is preoperative suspicion of level II or III nodal involvement.

Phenological behaviour of five dominant tree species has been studied in a mixed dry deciduous forest of Orchha, Tikamgarh (M.P.). All five tree species bear new foliage in dry months from March to June. The leaf fall was seasonal and various studied tree species shed their leaves at different intervals during study period. The leaf fall period covered the month from last week of September to end of March. The leaf retention period, in present study, exhibited that A. pendula, C. fistula and T. grandis retained fully mature green leaf for three months and three weeks and B. monosperma retained fully mature green leaf for longest period while L. coromendelica retained fully mature green leaf for shortest period. The leafless period of trees illustrated that L. coromendelica stayed leafless longest period. The flowering was found seasonal and various studied tree species had flower at different intervals during study period and fruit fall occurred from December to first week of July in different tree species

Background and objective: Planting method plays an important role in the placement of seed at proper depth and distance thereby affecting the germination and plant population dynamics. As a result, it ultimately affects crop growth and yield performance through the influence it has on the competition among plants for limited amount of nutrients in the soil with resources. A study was conducted in 2016 cropping season at experimental site of College of Agriculture, Hawassa University to investigate the effect of planting method on growth performance and grain yield of wheat. Materials and Methods: The treatment studied includes two planting methods(i) conventional-broadcasting and ii) drill planting by using 15cm and 20cm row spacing. The treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment means were compared through least significant different test at 5%probability level. Results: Analysis of the results revealed that planting method have a significant effect on plant height, number of tiller, fresh weight, dry weight, and grain yield. However, marked difference was not detected on number of spikelet per spike due to planting methods. A row spacing of 20cm showed higher effective tiller number (8.33), number of spikelet per spike (16.66), dry weight (2.46) and grain yield (3.24) compared with the remaining treatments. Conclusion: Based on the results of the current experiment, it can be concluded that using 20cm spaced row planting is advantageous for wheat crop production for the study area, provided that all the agronomic practices are kept optimal.

High-temperature cooked meat contains NOCs, heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In rodents, a high intake of such compounds induces prostate tumours. In this article the association between heterocyclic amines, a common meat mutagen and prostate cancer is studied. The normal cells from the prostate gland are extracted and are treated with the above mentioned mutagens to study the cell viability, proliferation and the effects of the mutagens on the chromosomes. The cells showing increased proliferation rate and showing some chromosomal aberration in the metaphase plate indicates its conversion from normal to cancerous cells. The rate of conversion of normal cells to cancerous cells by a specific mutagen determines its mutagen city.

The study was carried out in Masasi and Nachingwea districts to provide empirical evidence of how local communities access indigenous knowledge (IK) on management of agro-biodiversity surrounding them. The paper specifically sought to determine how local community’s access and share indigenous knowledge related to agro-biodiversity at local levels. The study employed a mixed method approach (case study and cross sectional survey). The research findings of the present study showed that farmers mainly relied on the local (internal) sources of knowledge to acquire IK, as compared to external and formal sources of knowledge. In terms of frequency of access, the responses showed again the predominance of the parents/guardian/family, neighbour/friends, social groups and village meetings as primary sources of IK they most frequently consulted. Finally the study suggests some recommendations as detailed in the paper.

Background: The most common and difficult aspect of general practice is the diagnosis and treatment planning. One of the commonest complaints presented to the practitioner is pain. This article attempts to account for cases with wrongly diagnosed dental pain as trigeminal neuralgia. Methods: Cases from the nearby Government Hospital, Garhwa under treatment for trigeminal neuralgia in the last 6 months were studied reviewed and followed after dental intervention using radiographs and tests to diagnose as pain from odontogenic origin. Results: The patients found absolute relief from the pain after treatment was rendered to their dental problems. These cases were found to be wrongly treated for neuropathic pain. Conclusions: It is crucial to exclude orofacial pain from odontogenic origin before planning treatment for neuropathic pain emphasizing the importance of differential diagnosis and treatment planning in the patient’s initial visits.

The study was conducted to assess the nutritional value, phytochemical compounds and invitro regeneration in Navara. The major nutrients in dehusked rice were Ca (10.3%), Fe (2.81%), Zn (2.78%), P (197%), VitB1 (0.77%), VitB2 (0.16%), VitB3 (1.26%), protein (8.8%), fat (2.4%) and carbohydrate (72.7%).GC-MS analysis of hexane extract of Navara revealed the presence of 113 phytochemical compounds, of which the major compounds were Cyclotrisiloxane hex methyl (52%), 5,7,9(11)-Androstatriene,3-hydroxy-17-oxo- (64%) and Olean-12-ene-3,16,21,22,28-pentol, 21-(2-methyl-2-butenoate), [3a,16a,21a(Z),22a]- (66%).To observe the callus induction and plant regeneration, different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators were added in MS medium. Better callus induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 1mg/l, while MS medium supplemented with BAP1mg/l+NAA0.5mg/l induced the highest somatic embryogenesis. Better shoot multiplication was observed on MS medium containing BAP 0.5mg/l + IBA 1mg/l. Effective root regeneration was on MS + IBA 1mg/l. Present study provides a protocol to conserve and multiply this nearly extinct medicinal rice variety.

Background: Prophylactic blood component therapy, “A saviour for obstetric patients with non overt DIC”. {Dr Neena Gupta, Dr Shaily Agarwal, Dr Apurva Agarwal, Uruj jahan,Fatima Usmani, Poonam) Aims: To evaluate the role of prophylactic blood component therapy in nonovert DIC patients to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Methodology: This study was conducted on total 274indoor obstetric patients in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of UISEMH Kanpur from January 2016 to August 2017. Results: In Group IB, majority were managed in ward (72.41%) only 13.79 % patients required ICU care but mortality was nil. While in group IA 20.63% needed ICU care and mortality was 1.59%. In group II (overt DIC) all required ICU care and mortality was 59.38%. Patients in group IB (prophylactic blood component therapy) had shorter duration of hospital stay as compared to group IA and II. 40.18% in group II (overt DIC), 33.92% in group IA and 6.92 % in group IB patients had hospital stay for more than 10 days. Conclusion: Prophylactic blood component therapy corrected the coagulation abnormality and prevented them from landing up into established DIC.

Background: The hygiene level of the premise reflect the safety and quality of the food served in the food services kitchen and the poor sanitary condition can contribute to food poisoning outbreaks. Recently, many food poisoning cases reported from food services sector and most of the cases are from institutional food services. These premises sometimes are graded as clean or very clean which can be questioned, mostly at institutions such as schools. Objectives: The aim of this research is to establish mathematical models using multiple linear regression (MLR) technique to determine the food safety level and premise grading of active caterers in Pahang State, using artificial neural network. Methods: In this research, the premises have been categorised into 3 categories namely institutional, event caterers and premise at Rest and Rescue Area (RnR) along the East Coast Highway. A total of 268 premises were involved in this study with 139 (51.87%) institutional, 63 (23.51%) event caterers and 66 (24.63%) RnR. The instrument used in this research is based on the official risk based premise inspection form currently used by Ministry of Health Malaysia. The important focusing items in the inspection form are process control, building and facilities, equipment and utensils, cleaning and maintenance, as well as food handler’s requirements. These items consist of a total thirty (31) elements with respected weight age score based on risk to food safety. In this research, stepwise method is used where several significant models will be developed. Results: The results show that the best and significant model is the 33rd model where the independent variables explain 100% of the dependent variables (R-square=1.00, p-val=0.00). Conclusion: As a conclusion, it is expected that this system will help the related authorities by confirming national standards and create more uniformity in catering inspections. In the future, it is suggested that the result can be improved by revising Part A: Process Control, in the Malaysian premise inspection form where the elements should be elaborated more details by comparing to the ones used in other countries.

Many plant essential oils show a broad spectrum of activity against pests or insects. These oils have a long tradition of use in the production of stored products against pests or insects. Recent investigation indicates that some chemical constituents of these oils interfere with the octopaminergic nervous system in insects. Pure essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Mentha piperita have been investigated for their efficacy levels against mosquitoes (Anopheles). The two aerated jars labeled a and b, were place 40 mosquitoes each and the Cymbopogon citratus oil and Mentha piperita oil was sprayed inside them respectively. The mortality rate of both green insecticides was then recorded, with respect to time. The above procedure was thus repeated using varying doses of the green insecticide and their mortality rate were also recorded. Result showed that both Mentha piperita and Cymbopogon citratus oils have insecticidal properties, comparatively however, Mentha piperita oil achieved greater mortality (2fold) compared to Cymbopogon citratus oils at the same dose application. It can be concluded that both Cymbopogon citratus oils and Mentha piperita oil are promising natural repellents due to its safety advantage over chemical repellents. Result gene optimum level of 1.0 ml and 1.3ml respectively for (PPO) Mentha piperita oil and (LPO) Lemon Plant oil were recorded, showing that at such concentration, the greatest killer of man can be checked.

Introduction & Objective: Cephalometric analysis generates 2D images results which are sufficiently reliable & may be an alternative to 3D imaging in the evaluation of soft tissue and upper airway morphology. In recent years new interrelations between respiratory function and malocclusion have developed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between hard and soft tissues and upper airway morphology in patients with Angle’s Class I, II,and III malocclusion. Material & Methods: 50 Pre-treatment radiographs were taken. ANB and WITS analysis were used to divide the radiographs into skeletal Class I, II, and III. Rickets E-line , Upper and Lower pharyngeal airway space were also measured on these radiographs.. Results: Spearman’s correlation co-efficient was performed to find out the correlation between ANB, Pharyngeal airway space and Ricket’s E-line. It was found that there was strong positive correlation between Ricket’s E-Line (upper) and Pharyngeal space (lower) in Class I sample (p<.05) . In Class II sample there was a negative correlation between Ricket’s E-line (upper) and Pharyngeal space (upper)mm(p<.05) .While in Class III sample it was found that there was strong positive correlation between Ricket’s E-line (upper) mm and Ricket’s E-line (lower)mm.(p<.05) Conclusions: Through this study we conclude that there is a strong positive correlation between Ricket’s E-line(upper) & Pharyngeal space (lower) in Class I & negative correlation between Ricket’s E-line & Pharyngeal space (upper) in Class II While in Class III samples strong positive correlation between Ricket’s E-line (upper &lower ) was found.

Pumpkin is one of the most economically, nutritionally and medicinally important vegetable crops world wide and grown in temperate and tropical region. The purpose of this study was to determine minerals in its leaf and fruit parts. Samples were collected, grineded and dried at 105 0C. Instruments (AOAC official methode: 923.03-Air–Acetylene FAAS, 923.03-Flame Photometer, ESISO 1871:2013) Agilent technology were used to detect the minerals in the samples. Microwave digestion was used by taking1g sample, 6 mL 70 % HNO3, 1 mL 30 % H2O2 to 60 mL vessels. 50 W, 165 0C (10 min); 80 W, 190 0C (20 min); and 0 W, 50 0C (10 min) were adjusted and clear soltions were kept for analysis by FAAS, Flamephotometry EDTA-titration K (5609.72 mg/kg) > Ca (5290.70 mg/kg) > Mg (2500.24 mg/kg) > Fe (249.64 mg/kg) > Na (98.28 mg/kg) > Zn (48.80 mg/kg) > Mn (38.43 mg/kg) > Cu (12.06 mg/kg) in leaves and Ca (4393.95 mg/kg) >K (3869.21 mg/kg) > Mg (2208.93 mg/kg) > Na (132.87 mg/kg) > Fe (89.89 mg/kg) > Zn (14.18 mg/kg) > Mn (12.70 mg/kg) > Cu (9.38 mg/k) in fruits were determined. Leaves of pumpkin had somewhat higher levels of mineral than fruits and comparable with those of common leafy vegetables. Both parts of the plant (leaf and fruit), are rich in minerals and recommended to be taken for healthiness. Higher potasium content could serve as better diets for hypertensive. High concentration of calcium also indicates that the pumpkin diet could be recommended for a person with tooth and bone problems.

To detect and count people, carries on to be a troublesome exercise, this difficulty has been promptly manifested by nearly all the analyses over and done with in the extensiveness of counting a large number of people. Presently very much popular is the monitoring of passages or premises, by the use of traditional systems, putting into service video footage capture. This article demonstrates a solution wherein getting a headcount of crowd will no longer need people to strain their vision; requires two steps: Face Detection and Face Tracking. Our proposed software identifies nearly all the relevant features of likely faces in the frame, and tests have put on display the software is advantaeous when put in applications to maintain count in case of emergencies like earthquakes or fire hazards; or high security places such as Military Base, government banks, etc.

The existing theory about the concept of gravity in outer space is that of MICROGRAVITY. This theory is supported by NASA and has been accepted worldwide. Most of the concepts in science are based on hypothesis and assumptions and sometimes it’s not possible to prove the concept. This hypothesis is based on the assumption that the gravity in outer space is not micro but MACROGRAVITY. This large gravitational force is keeping all the elements including big stars and planets in equilibrium. But, their effect on small objects is negligible causing a feeling of weightlessness. This can be best explained by Tyndall effect on dust particles, as they move in the atmosphere like weightless due to tiny weight compared to the large gravity of earth.

The author describes the problems that the patient has to face and compare them to experiences of vulnerability which can be particularly intense and lead to a serious coercion of the resumption of living, far beyond and reasonable limitation imposed by objective conditions. Depression is also biggest untreated risk factor in heart disease after heart attack.The depressive elaboration of the situation after the heart attack can enable the individual to reorganize his\her investments starting from the upset caused by the eruption of death anguish.

Background: India faces the biggest newborn health challenge of any country in the world as one fourth of global neonatal deaths occur in India. The common cause of neonatal mortality in India are asphyxia, prematurity and low birth weight, infections like pneumonia and gastroenteritis and a variety of surgical problems. It has been observed that improved level of newborn care can bring down the mortality rates. A study of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) was undertaken at SKIMS Srinagar to determine the case fatality among the neonates at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Jammu & Kashmir. Material and Methods: A descriptive case series hospital based prospective study was conducted over a period of one year from with effect from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2013 in NICU of SKIMS Srinagar by administering a predesigned standardized questionnaire proforma to one or both parents of admitted neonates in a NICU of Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir-India. Results: Neonatal Jaundice (NNJ) (26.7%) was the most common cause of morbidity and admission to NICU followed by Septicemia (19.1%) Prematurity (12.5%), Birth Asphyxia (7%) and Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) (5.7%). It was observed that out of 1017 neonates admitted most were discharged (90.07%) whereas as 9.73% expired and only 0.2% left against medical advice (LAMA). Being insignificant in numbers the two neonates that left against medical advice (LAMA) were excluded from further analysis for the case fatality rate. It was observed that the case fatality rate was maximum in MAS (33.3%) followed by Congenital Anomalies (23.1%), Prematurity (18.9%), Birth Asphyxia (15.5%), RDS (15.5%), & Septicemia (9.3%). TheChi-squared test (χ2) static value was 89.49585 and the p-value was less than 0.0001 indicating that type of disease is very strongly associated (p<0.0001) with the case fatality of a neonate. Conclusions: The case fatality rate was maximum in MAS (33.3%) followed by Congenital Anomalies (23.1%), Prematurity (18.9%), Birth Asphyxia (15.5%), RDS (15.5%), & Septicemia (9.3%) and thetype ofdisease is very strongly associated (p<0.0001) with the case fatality of a neonate.

Posterior fossa head injury is relatively less common and accounts for less than 3% of total head injuries. Among traumatic posterior fossa head injuries Extra Dural Hematoma is the most common, accounting for 10% of all Extra Dural Hematomas followed by sub dural haemorrhages (1% of head injuries) and sub-arachnoid haemorrhage with cerebellar contusion. In the days before the advent of CT scan, Posterior Fossa head injuries often escaped diagnosis in alive patients. It was very difficult to diagnose based on clinical examination alone. It is unfortunate as it is an easily preventable cause of mortality. The history of posterior fossa operations, as compared with the entire history of neurosurgical procedures, is relatively brief. This is not surprising, considering the vulnerability of the vital neural structures found in the posterior fossa. Surgical manipulation of the cerebellum, brainstem, and cranial nerves resulted in forbiddingly high mortality prior to the sophisticated techniques and operative environment available in the modern neurosurgical era. Even with the diminished risk associated with contemporary technological advancements, surgical procedures involving the posterior fossa continue to carry higher morbidity than elsewhere in the central nervous system.

Background: Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. Normal pregnancy is associated with high metabolic demand and elevated requirement for tissue oxygen. There is increased production of reactive oxygen species and increased oxidative stress. Plasma Ascorbate, Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane Redox System and Ascorbate Free Radical Reductase System are some of the antioxidants. Objectives: In our study we wanted to evaluate the change in these antioxidents’ levels in different trimester of normal pregnancy in respect to non pregnant women. Methods: The methodology includes measurement of PMRS activity by Avron and Savit’s procedure; Vitamin C by Teitz and AFR reductase activity by guidline of May et al. Results: In respect to control group there was no significant difference in 1st trimester and 2nd trimester, but there was significant difference in 3rd trimester in PMRS values. Vitamin C levels showed no significant difference in 1st trimester but there was significant difference in 2nd and 3rd trimester compared to controls. In respect to control group there was significant difference with 1st,2nd and 3rd trimester in AFR Reductase activity. On correlation study NADH Values ( AFR reductase activity was measured in terms of NADH oxidase) had negative correlation with PMRS and positive correlation with Vitamin C in both non pregnant and pregnant women. Conclusion: In present study it can be concluded that as the trimesters progress there is increase in PMRS level, AFR activity and decrease in Vitamin C level with increase in oxidative stress.

Background: Different patterns of childhood neglect and abuse are related with the level of seriousness of mental issue in adulthood. An investigation of this nature is essential to understand developmental trajectory of neglect and abuse and to base any intervention plan for affected individuals and to build up a risk alleviating techniques as primary prevention. Aim: To examine relationship of Childhood Neglect and Abuse with Emotion Regulation and Emotional Recognition in adolescents. Method: A purposive sample of 140 children studying in English and Hindi medium schools located in Delhi and NCR region (India) was taken to test the hypotheses. Willing individuals of age range from 16 to 18 years of either sex were administered a set of self-administered questionnaires, viz., General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and The Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA) for collecting the data. Results: The analysis indicated that GHQ cut-off score did not differ significantly on any of the study variables; and the examined constructs (sexual abuse, physical abuse, parental loss with difficult in emotion regulation and neglect, physical abuse with alexithymia) were positively correlated with Difficulty as measured on Emotion Regulation Scale and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Results also indicated that sexual abuse and physical abuse were significantly predicting difficulty in emotion regulation (R2 = 0.38, p = 0.01) and alexithymia (R2 = 0.35, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Deficits in emotion regulation and emotion recognition were ubiquitous in children reporting of adverse childhood experience such as neglect and abuse. Sexual and physical abuse emerged as significant variables, accounting for maximum variance in criterion variables viz. emotion regulation and recognition.

The keratinized oral gingival epithelium provides effective protection against both mechanical trauma and bacterial invasion. The horny cell layer acts like a film of plastic wrap, allowing the body to retain moisture and protecting it from invasion by foreign substances and comprises various substances such as keratins, produced by the epidermal keratinocytes and lipids. The epidermal keratinocytes divide in the basal layer, produce keratins and differentiate, and migrate to the upper layers as they mature by a process called keratinization. The present review discusses the structure of keratin, the process of keratinization and their distribution in gingival epithelium.

Endocarditis in heart transplanted: While heart transplant recipients are immunosuppressed, the development of endocarditis is a relatively rare event compared to other infections. Infective endocarditis (IE): In patients without Transplantation is a rare and serious complication with high morbidity and mortality. More than 15 percent of patients with chronic kidney disease who receive central venous access catheters have complications such as infection, arterial puncture, thrombosis and pneumothorax (McGee and Gould, 2013). Right-sided infective endocarditis: (RSIE) is less common than left-sided infective endocarditis (IE), encompassing only 5–10% of cases of IE and is classically related to intravenous drug use (Habib et al., 2009). We review a case reports of 60 years old woman with cardiac transplantation for 10 years ago which developed chronic renal failure with hemodialysis 3d/weekly. She developed symptoms as endocarditis. We discuss even the etiologic agents, clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of infective endocarditis in solid organ transplant recipients.

The cardiomyopathy is often observed after intense stressful events such as a major surgical procedure. In a recent study, demographic and clinical course data in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy were compared between the United States and Japan. Few Japanese patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy had a history of overt coronary disease (CAD) and family history of early-onset CAD (Kazuo Komamura et al., 2014). Methods: An Iranian 78 years old woman with Hypertension and IDDM, with previous CVA suddenly showed a greatly increased heart rate, and an electrocardiogram revealed elevated ST-segments. After preoperative examination she accepted for emergency CABG. We diagnosed the condition as takotsubo cardiomyopathy (acute left ventricle apical ballooning syndrome), possibly caused by catecholamine release and regional stress-induced ischemia. We reviewed the literature on takotsubo cardiomyopathy as a complication of major cardiac surgery procedures. Core tip: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) occurs more often in postmenopausal elderly women, is characterized by a transient hypokinesis of the left ventricular (LV) apex and is associated with emotional or physical stress. TCM is an important disease entity that differs from acute myocardial infarction. Wall motion abnormality of the LV apex is generally transient and resolves within a few days to several weeks. The prognosis of TCM is generally good. It has been suggested that coronary spasm, coronary microvascular dysfunction, catecholamine toxicity and myocarditis might contribute to the pathogenesis of TCM. However, its pathophysiology is not clearly understood.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. With a rising rate, it is a prominent source of mortality. Patients with advanced fibrosis, predominantly cirrhosis and hepatitis B and C infections are predisposed to developing HCC. Genes of Synovial sarcoma X chromosome (SSX) are one of cancer testis associated genes; which are a subgroup of tumor antigens with a restricted expression in testis and malignancies. Limited studies were done about SSX genes expression in Egyptian HCC patients. Objectives: Therefore this study aims to estimate the SSX-1 and SSX-5 mRNA expression in the blood of Egyptian HCC patients and to evaluate any probable association between the expression of these genes and other clinical and biochemical parameters. Methods: A case control study was done on 40 patients with HCC, 20 patients with post HCV liver cirrhosis and 20 healthy persons. Assessment of SSX1 and SSX5 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood was done by reverse transcription real-time PCR. Results: SSX -1 and SSX-5 mRNA were expressed in 47.5 % and 42.5 % of HCC patients respectively. Both genes were not expressed in cirrhotic patients and healthy controls. There was no considerable association between SSX-1 and SSX-5 gene expression and alpha fetoprotein level (P = 0.09& 0.29), size of the tumor (P = 0.56& 0.08) and tumor stage (P = 0.28& 0.22). Conclusion: SSX-1 and SSX-5 mRNA are exclusively expressed in peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, thus both genes are considered as a tumor-specific markers to detect HCC in Egypt.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess examiner or observer reliability and to correlate the diagnostic accuracy of proximal caries detection by digital bitewing and panoramic radiographic images. Methods: In this study, digital bitewing and panoramic radiographs of 168 subjects were used. The radiographs were evaluated for the depth of proximal caries by two examiners. Diagnostic accuracy of two modalities was analyzed by means of percentage agreement and discrepancy index. Examiners reliability was assessed using Kappa statistics and Chi Square test. Results: Digital bitewing radiographs were more efficient in diagnosis of dental caries involving enamel and outer third of dentin. However, digital panoramic radiography had comparable accuracy with bitewing radiographs when lesion involved inner portions of dentin. Conclusion: Panoramic survey alone was not sufficient for the diagnosis of proximal caries of the entire dentition, but it showed significant diagnostic value in the detection of dentinal carious lesions. Hence, panoramic radiography can be endorsed for detection of proximal carious lesions with moderate to advanced tooth structure loss.

Introduction: Resistance to broad-spectrum antimicrobials is a well recognized problem among Enterobacteriaceae. Carbapenems have served as an important antimicrobial class for the treatment of these organisms. The emergence and dissem¬ination of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in recent times represents a serious threat to public health. Aim: The study was conducted to detect the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in members of Enterobacteriaceae and to detect the enzymes Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) and Metallo-Beta lactamases (MBL) in resistant isolates Material and methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, at Bhagat Phool Singh Govt. Medical College for Women, Haryana. The bacterial isolates, obtained from various clinical samples, were identified according to standard microbiological procedures. All isolates belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family like Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Citrobacter species were included in the study. All these isolates were screened for carbapenem resistance by disc diffusion method according to CLSI. Results: A total of 54 (13.77%) isolates of CRE or¬ganisms were obtained among 392 Enterobacteriaceae isolates. The carbapenem resistance rate was highest among ward patients. Maximum CRE was cultured from urine samples (50.0%), followed by pus samples (24.0%). The most predominant species among CRE isolates was Escherichia coli in the present study. Conclusion: Over the past decade, the emergence of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae has become a formidable threat to public health. As a first step towards control, the capacity for resistance detection and surveillance in low-resource countries needs to be improved in order to collect more reliable data on the worldwide distribution of CRE.

The root canal treatment of a mandibular molar with aberrant canal configuration can be diagnostically and technically challenging (1). Normally the permanent mandibular first molar has two roots, mesial and distal. However it may sometimes have an additional root located lingually (the radix entomolaris) or buccally (the radix paramolaris).This case report discusses endodontic treatment of a mandibular first molar with a Radix Entomolaris (RE), which poses an endodontic dilemma for the clinician with respect to diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Clinicians should be aware of these unusual root morphologies in the mandibular first molar which needs strategic treatment as unfilled canals remain a nidus for infection and can compromise treatment outcome (2).

Background: Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) have been applied in the treatment of many diseases including injured articular cartilage. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used to treat everything from plantar fasciitis to rotator cuff repair. But its effects differ, depending on the musculoskeletal structure and the composition of the PRP itself. The objective of this research was to compare the efficacy of single intra-articular injections of Preconditioned BMSCs with PRP and BMSCs without PRP in the treatment of surgically induced articular cartilage defect in animal model. Methods: 18 adult dogs of both sexes, in good general health condition, weighing between 25-35 kg and aged 3-4 years were used in this study. BMSCs were isolated, cultured and expanded from canine bone marrow aspirate. PRP was collected and activated from canine peripheral blood. BMSCs preconditioned with or without PRP were transplanted into canine with surgical induced articular cartilage defect. Real time PCR was used to quantify transforming growth factor--β (TGF-β), collagen II and aggrecan genes expression in transplanted cartilage defects. Histopathology was performed to assess cartilage regeneration. Results: PRP promoted BMSC differentiation into chondrogenic cells that highly significant expressed (P-value ≤ 0.001) TGF-β, collagen II and aggrecan compared to BMSCs transplantation alone. As a result, PRP-preconditioned BMSCs improved healing of surgical induced articular cartilage defect in canine models compared with that of unconditioned BMSCs. Conclusion: Preconditioning of BMSCs with PRP transplantation is an efficient and important preclinical step toward the use of autologous BMSCs with PRP in the treatment of articular cartilage defects. Glossary of abbreviations: BMSCs: Bone marrow-derived stem cells DMEM: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium ECM: extra cellular matrix FBS: fetal bovine serum IGF-1:insulin growth factor-1 IL1: interleukin 1 OA: Osteoarthritis PBS: phosphate-buffered saline PRP: Platelet-rich plasma RT–PCR: Real time PCR TGF-β: transforming growth factor TMJ: Temporomandibular joint TMJ –OA: temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis TNFα: tumor necrosis factor α

Boxing is one of the most severe branches of contact sports. For this reason, boxing athletes have a very high injury rate. Epidemiologically, they may sustain permanent injuries in their sports lives. In our study, we aimed to find out the anatomical characteristics of amateur boxing athletes, their hand paw muscle strengths, the region and frequency of injuries they encountered during their sports lives. We investigated whether there is a relationship between anatomical region, anthropometric features and muscle strength. The physical characteristics, anthropometric features and hand paw muscle strength of 69 amateur boxing athletes (age:25.03 ± 10.6) that consist of 15 female and 54 male were measured. In order to determine the injury region and frequency, the data were obtained by a sportsman questionnaire. This study examines the correlation between these data. The most injured regions were the hands and the wrists. We found that boxers were injured during training rather than during competitions (p<0.05). Statistically, we found a positive correlation between extremity length and hand paw muscle strength. We found a significant correlation between injury type, recovery time, right hand strength, and left hand strength with sport age. Knowing the anatomical regions and frequency of injuries will help the boxers to avoid them by taking necessary measures.

Diabetes is very common disease in Pakistan and abnormalities in lipid profile is one of the most common problems. Many oral hypoglycemic are available for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study is conducted on drug which is used for the management of diabetes that is Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor, Sitagliptin. In this study hypolipidemic effect of combination of sitagliptin and Szygium cumini seed is compared with sitagliptin alone administration. The effect of drugs was observed on diabetic rabbit models. In animal models diabetes was induced by induction of alloxan. In comparision of combination of sitagliptin and Szygium cumini seed effects were examined on the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and plasma lipoproteins (HDL, LDL and VLDL). It may be concluded that cholestrol HDL ratio, triglyceride, VLDL value reduced in combination as compared to sitagliptin alone in which these values are increased, that is dangerous for health. HDL reduced in sitagliptin alone but in combination, its value increased that is a good marker.

Background: Physiotherapy is also known as rehabilitation science, which helps to improve an individual’s ability to lead an active and a healthy lifestyle. Physiotherapists especially in india, are relying on the physicians as their primary source of reference. A physician can help the patients by timely referring them to a physiotherapist, which can help in proper and effective rehabilitation of the patient. Therefore this study was conducted, in order to know how aware the physicians are in terms of need of physiotherapy for their patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Jalandhar city, a district in Punjab state, involving 102 physicians of the city by a questionnaire format, over a period of 6 months from February 2017 to July 2017. All willing general practitioners from various streams along with super specialists were included in the study. Results: There was awareness regarding physiotherapy among general practitioners of Jalandhar city. With respect to various branches of physiotherapy, Neurology was the most known to physicians accounting for 84(82.3%) out of 102 physicians knowing about it, followed by orthopedic physiotherapy known to 82(80.3%) physicians, followed by awareness of Sports rehabilitation in 54(52.9%) physicians. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is lack of awareness regarding need of physiotherapy in Ayurvedic, Homeopathic physicians. Allopathic physicians and surgeons are very much aware of the need of physiotherapy in improving the quality of life of the patients.

Sugarcane i Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) represents an alternative method to optimize conditions for wound healing. Delayed wound closure is a significant health problem, which is directly associated with pain and suffering from patient's aspect, as well with social and financial burden. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is used to promote wound healing in a wide range of difficult to manage acute and chronic wounds. This data review reports the results of 10 patients who were treated with Vacuum-Assisted Closure Ò (VAC) negative pressure therapy system.

By our suggestion the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance have been divided in two parts as A part and B part. The specifity of A part of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductanceis distinguished by electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane as at first : complex I-NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase, two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to ubiquinone (UQ) - complex I also translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient -NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step-FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one - electron steps, each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q) - during this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, at second: Complex II-succinate-CoQ reductase, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space, at third: Complex III -cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase, two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and total four protons are translocated, at fourth: Complex IV-cytochrome c oxidase, four electrons are removed from four molecules of cytochrome c and transferred to molecular oxygen (O2), producing two molecules of water, and eight protons are removed from the mitochondrial matrix, only four are translocated across the membrane, at fifth: Complex V of the electron transport chain. The FO component of ATP synthase acts as an ion channel that provides for a proton flux back into the mitochondrial matrix. The efflux of protons from the mitochondrial matrix creates an electrochemical gradient (proton gradient). In such way, all biological events, which have been occurred within first 7 stages of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance are conditioned by reaction equation as “Donators (glucose, aminoacids, fatty acids) + membrane redox potentials three-state line system + acceptor as O2 + ADP + Pi + H+ + nH+memb.space = (ATP + heat energy) + H2O + nH + matrix + CO2” The specifics of B part of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance is distinguished by involvement of such reactions as Hb-4O2+nH+<=>Hb-nH++ 4O2 and CO2 + H2O <=> HCO3-+ H+ in last 8 stage and 9 stage of the membrane redoxy potential three state dependent 9 stepped full cycle of proton conductance .

Introduction: This study is aimed at finding the incidence of IGBC in RIMS, Ranchi. This will help us to lay down guidelines for histological examination of gallbladder specimen after cholecystectomy. Material and methods: 120 Gall-bladders obtained after cholecystectomy in study population was sent for histopathological examination. HPE reports were analyzed and documented. Result and conclusion: In our study 2.5% cases of cholecystectomy were diagnosed as incidental carcinoma of gallbladder. Based on the findings it can be concluded that all GB specimens should be sent for HPE examination after cholecystectomy.

Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) are rare tumors of the ovary, arising from sex cord stromal cells and account for 3-5% of all ovarian tumors. These tumors were first described by Rokitansky. There are 2 types- adult variety and juvenile variety. Adult GCTs are 95% of total GCTs and are most commonly found in age group of 50-55 years. Juvenile GCTs are rare tumors occurring in young girls usually before menarche and account for 5% of all GCTs. These are functional tumors which secrete estradiol which leads to various manifestations like isosexual precocious pseudopuberty in juvenile type and abnormal vaginal bleeding (menometrorrhagia) in perimenopausal & postmenopausal women in adult types. Due to prolonged hyperestrogenic state, there is evidence of endometrial hyperplasia leading to well differentiated endometrial carcinoma in 5 % of patients. We are reporting case of an 80 years postmenopausal female with moderately differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma endometrium with less than 50% myometrial invasion with stage 1A granulosa cell tumor of left ovary in final histopathology post surgery. These tumors have different biology and clinical presentation than that of epithelial ovarian cancers that are stage III at diagnosis in most of the cases. Most of GCTs are stage I at diagnosis (80-90%). There is delayed recurrence potential in these tumors. There are 4 times increased risk of developing breast cancer as well as due to hyperestrogenic state. There are very few cases of synchronous GCT and endometrial carcinoma in literature and with best of our knowledge, no such case has been reported from India.

Introduction: Family caregivers of cancer patients provide extraordinary uncompensated care that is physically, emotionally, socially, and financially demanding and results in the neglect of their own needs. Satisfaction of caregiving need of family caregiver is important for quality care the patient. In this direction present study was aimed at identifying the level of satisfaction with perceived need-fulfillment related to cancer caregiving among family caregivers of cancer patients. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the level of need-fulfillment among 225 conveniently selected family caregivers of cancer patient receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy in a tertiary care hospital of Punjab by using socio demographic data sheet and Family inventory of Needs (FIN) scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation. Results: The family caregivers were predominantly male (61.8%), married (80.9%) and belonged to Sikh religion (75.6%). Two third (64%) family caregivers had their perceived important needs only partially met. Mean (SD) of need-fulfillment was 39.22 (9.2) and it had significant association with gender of family caregivers (p= 0.028), distance of subject’s residence from hospital (p= 0.032) and provision of unpaid help in caregiving activities (p= 0.019*). Conclusion: Majority of family caregivers had their important needs only partially met. Health care system needs to focus on the family caregivers and their perceived needs. Study recommends that oncological nurses should regularly assess the need-fulfillment of caregivers of cancer patient so that appropriate interventional strategies can be planned.

The delivery and consumption patterns of healthcare services have undergone a sea change over the past decade. One major change is movement of people across national borders in pursuit of medical treatment and good health. Developing nations including India are moving to the forefront of world health tourism sector. This paper highlights the Indian scenario, advantages and government initiatives regarding the health tourism sector. The work is based on review of literature from various secondary sources.

Effective organizational communication plays a fundamental role for the attainment of organizational goals. This study determined the levels of organizational communication, work pattern and teaching efficiency among the JRMSU faculty, determined the significant relationship between the profile and the level of organization communication and determine the significant difference between the level of organizational communication, work pattern and teaching efficiency of college instructors. The research design used in this study was descriptive-correlational utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approach to determine the organizational communication, work pattern and teaching efficiency. Results showed that majority of the respondents are 21-30 years old, female, married, Master’s Degree Holder, faculty with an income of Php26,000 – 30,000 and belong to the CAS. There is a high level of organizational communication, very high level of work pattern and teaching efficiency among faculty. Further revealed that there is no significant difference of the organizational communication, work pattern and teaching efficiency. The perceived factors affecting organizational communication, work pattern and teaching efficiency is centered on experience, attitude, dedication, commitment and continuing education. It is recommended that proposed measures must be implemented.

This paper is an attempt to explore the fictional forte of E.M. Forster who has skillfully picturized the relationship between reality and symbolic vision in his The Longest Journey and show how he talks about the comradeship and truth which is the main vision focused in the novel. It neatly focuses on the conflict between men and women as well as truth and falsehood. Bringing back home, all the elements focused in this novel visualize the reality of characters.

Today’s finicky banking customers will settle for nothing less. The customer has come to realize somewhat belatedly that he is the king. The customer’s choice of one entity over another as his principal bank is determined by considerations of service quality rather than any other factor. He wants competitive loan rates but at the same time also wants his loan or credit card application processed in double quick time. He insists that he be promptly informed of changes in deposit rates and service charges and he bristles with customary rage if his bank is slow to redress any grievance he may have. He cherishes the convenience of impersonal net banking but during his occasional visits to the branch he also wants the comfort of personalized human interactions and facilities that make his banking experience pleasurable. In short he wants financial house that will do more than just clearing his cheque and updates his passbook: he wants a bank that cares and provides great services. So does HDFC bank meet these heightened expectations? What are the customer perceptions of service quality of the banks? Which dimension of service quality of HDFC bank is performing well? This research paper tries to find out answers to these questions. A lot of surveys have been done in the past to understand the aspect of customer satisfaction and to find out the customer friendly banks but the main purpose of this paper is to find out the service quality of HDFC Bank.

This research seeks to explore environmental awareness and practices among University students. In order to carry out the objectives of the research, qualitative methodology was employed and primary data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires. The researcher tries to find the answers to the problem whether undergraduates are aware of environmental issues and following habitual practices towards environmental sustainability. The research concluded that the awareness level on the environment and environmental issues of participants were moderate. Both female and male students are having environmental friendly habitual practices towards the environment. According to their native places (urban and rural), there are some differences in environmental awareness level. University students who live in urban areas have more awareness on waste disposal, motor vehicle pollution, water pollution, air pollution, deforestation and natural disasters but less awareness of biodiversity. Contrary, University students who live in rural areas have more awareness of deforestation and soil erosion.

The paper examined the training needs of rural women farmers on small ruminant production in Abia State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was distributed to one hundred and eighty small ruminant women farmers using multi-stage random sampling techniques. Data obtained were analysed using simple descriptive statistics (mean and percentage) and multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the analysis shows that, majority of the women (57%) were married, 34.4% were within the age range of 40 – 50 years and 45% of them is within 15 – 20 years of enterprise experience and 36.1% had between 15 – 20 flock size. Majority of the farmers practiced extensive system of management. The study revealed that the training needs in order of priority, treating of animal disease (x ̅ = 3.55), oestrus/birth synchronization (x ̅ = 3.45), prevention of animal diseases (x ̅ = 3.66), product disposal (x ̅ = 3.37), feeding of animals (x ̅ = 3.37), ration formulation (x ̅ = 2.23), waste management (x ̅ = 2.27), improve carcass quality (x ̅ = 2.13), artificial insemination (x ̅ = 2.17) and use of modern technology (x ̅ = 1.92). Regression result reveals that accessibility to market, educational level, farming experience, membership of association and access to credit were significantly related to small ruminant production (R2) = 0.863. The findings suggest that improved small ruminant production could be achieved by giving considerations to those training needs and significant variables, and also by creating enabling environment through provision of micro-credit, and regular training of the women organised by extension agents in the study area.

The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of using PowToon in classroom where students learn English as a foreign language (EFL). After the researchers noticed problems in comprehending new concepts due to poor language skills, PowToon seemed a great tool to both promote active reading and engagement and integrate project-based learning (PBL). The implementation of the study has showed positive effects on the learners’ level of engagement, comprehension and developing reading strategies.

The origin of the idea of modern social care traces back to Western Europe, to the age of enlightenment and the concept of bio-power introduced by the French philosopher, Michel Foucault. I will track the development of social rights by trying to provide a meaningful insight into their history and conceptualization in Western Europe. This theoretical and historical introduction will be followed by an analysis of the general social conditions of the modern West. During this evaluation we will see the tendencies and typical social problems that the states in Europe have to cope with. Also, I try to summarize the means by which the social care programs intend to tackle the newly emerging problems. To balance my analysis, unsuccessful attempts and constant problems of the contemporary society is also worth mentioning. This essay intends to define a fundamental idea and form of activity, namely the social care and find its historical focus points. It is a challenging task to do so owing to the diversity of historical records, therefore my narrative necessarily contains a certain amount of reduction. This analysis aims to describe the governmental and communal forms of social responsibility and does not intend to shed light on the individual forms of care connected to social history. My aim is first to follow the historical developments of social care from its beginnings in the Early Modern Age until the formation of the European Economic Community and then the European Union that intends to extend the system to an international level.

The status of farming practices in five municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines is the point of interest on this study. It further identified the determinants that affect the farming preferences and their choices based on efficiency, cost efficiency, accessibility (personal or financial) and availability of raw materials and its substitutes. Through government interventions, problems were also solicited. A descriptive-purposive method was employed. The data were gathered with the use of validated questionnaires that were distributed to the 3293 registered farmer-respondents through on site survey. Percentage and weighted mean average were used to analyze the data. Results showed that in Rizal, 65% of the respondents (107) resorted to organic farming, the 35% applied inorganic practice. In Piňan, 41 % of the respondents (108) applied inorganic practice, 54% utilized the organic practice and 5% used the sustainable practice. In Roxas, 66.4% of the respondents (125) were applying inorganic farming, 27.2% utilized sustainable farming, and 6.4% applied organic farming. In Manukan, out of 125 respondents (125), 55.2% used inorganic farming, 33.6% used sustainable farming, and 11.2% used organic as their farming system. In Liloy, 49.55% of the total respondents (2828) applied inorganic practice, 32.77 % applied the sustainable practice and the remaining 17.65% used organic practice. The inorganic farming practice is the most preferred choice among the farmer-respondents as they claimed that this practice is efficient in diminishing the pests in the farm. Jose Rizal Memorial State University (JRMSU) College of Education Extension Unit would collaborate with the Local Government Units (LGUs) and Department of Agriculture (DA) on the proper training on organic farming method to attain efficiency in production and transform the farmers as environmental-friendly users.

Pineapple is widely known by Indonesia people because the plants are widely grown in tropical climates Indonesia. Pineapple is often used as meat diggers because it contains a component of bromelin enzyme which has a sulfhidril (-SH) protease that can hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins into bundles of amino acid compounds are simpler so that it can make meat softner and help the process of digestion. The aim of this study was to isolate bromelin enzyme from pineapple tubers and pineapple skin which is pineapple waste with ammonium sulphate salt with four treatments (40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) and three repetitions for having rendemen and activity enzyme. Calculated rendemenanalyzed by one way Anova. The most optimal ammonium sulfate concentration for isolate enzyme is at 60% concentration, with rendemen of 1.67% and enzyme activity of 3.33 U/mL. The concentration of 40% has a rendemen of 0.37% with enzyme activity of 6.67 U/mL, 80% concentration with 0.91% rendemen with 1.67 U / mL enzyme activity, and 100% concentration has 0.94% rendemen with activity enzyme 1.67 U/mL.

Government should be give special attention for healthcare sector. Admistriative of hospital should take step to improve the overall quality of service give to patientcare. On daily basis take feedback from patient. This study examines the stratifications level of patient from service quality they received from hospital. The main focus in this study satisfaction is measured in both government and private hospital. Therefore, 200 respondents were selected for this study. Results showed that private hospitals are giving better quality if service to their patients as compare to government hospital. The government sector institution should increase the quality of service in healthcare sector.

Agriculture is becoming increasingly ‘feminised’ globally as men move out of the sector more quickly than women. The reasons for increasing female representation in agriculture vary from voluntary and involuntary withdrawal of men from farming, to growing wage opportunities for women in export-oriented non-traditional crops and activities. An attempt has been made in paper to discuss the condition of women working in agriculture sector in India with special reference to Haryana. The women working in agriculture sector have to face much more problems as compared to women in any other sector. The central focus of the paper is to throw light on the state of women while critically analysing their condition in terms of their socio- economic status in contemporary globalised society. Generally, there is lack of formal education, skills and knowledge among women working in agriculture sector. Beside lack of proper legislations, there is also lack of awareness of rights among women working in agriculture sector. The problem of improving the condition of women working specially in agriculture sector seems to be extremely complex in developing nations like India. Very little efforts are made in for the women working in agriculture sector. It calls for serious attempt on improving their financial and social condition. Actions such as recognition of labour; more facilities to poor rural women for land, agricultural and livestock extension services; separate education policy to enhance women's literacy rate; Priority to women in accessing credit on soft terms from banks and other financial institutions for setting up their business, for buying properties, and for house building and involvement of women in decision-making bodies that have the potential to introduce structural changes could bring some changes in the gender relations in the society.

Drosophila punjabiensis is as such common pest reported from India. Pesticides induce minor changes in the structure of reproductive organ of Drosophila, Here we examined the effect of Malathion and Chloropyrifos on Drosophila at 50% lethal concentration and control condition and influence results were obtained. Thus this study can be used for similar different common pests and induce effective pest management by using Drosophila as model organism.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of moral intelligence and self-efficacy on achievement motivation among Saudi Middle Schools' Gifted Students. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among Saudi middle schools' gifted students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The study explored the moral intelligence, self-efficacy and achievement motivation of gifted students using validated and piloted self-administered questionnaires. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 122 out of 733 male gifted students in 89 schools in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Data was analysed using SPSS. Results: The study included 46, 42, and 34 first, second and third level middle school students respectively. The results indicated that the respondents had moderate score in the self-control (4.225 ± 0.463), tolerance (3.899 ± 0.515), conscience (3.625 ± 0.453), respect (3.666 ± 0.535) and empathy (3.418 ± 0.484) dimensions, whereas fairness (2.665 ± 0.664) and kindness (2.570 ± 0.721) had low mean scores. The students demonstrated moderate levels of self-efficacy and achievement motivation. Regression analysis showed that overall score of moral intelligence (OR: 1.069; 95% CI: 1.039 – 1.100; P < 0.001), and self-efficacy (OR: 1.081; 95% CI: 1.044 – 1.120; P < 0.001) were significant predictors of achievement motivation among the students. There was no significant impact for interactions of moral intelligence dimensions and self-efficacy on achievement motivation. Conclusion: Saudi middle schools' gifted students demonstrated moderate level of self-efficacy; achievement motivation, and moral intelligence. Overall score of moral intelligence and self-efficacy are significant predictors of achievement motivation. Self-efficacy had no moderating influence on achievement motivation among Saudi middle schools' gifted students.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of academic achievement on moral intelligence dimensions, leadership skills, achievement motivation and self-efficacy among Saudi Middle Schools' Gifted Students. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among Saudi middle schools' gifted students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The study explored the moral intelligence, leadership skill achievement motivation and self-efficacy of gifted students using a validated and piloted self-administered questionnaire. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 122 out of 733 male gifted students in 89 schools in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Data was analysed using SPSS. Results: The study included 46, 42, and 34 first, second and third level middle school students respectively. The highest academic achievement was A+ which represents 60.7%, followed by A- (27.9%), B+ (9%) and B- (2.5%). The students demonstrated moderate level of moral intelligence dimensions, leadership skills, achievement motivation and self-efficacy. The leadership skills are as follows: B- (156.33 ± 26.690); B+ (163.27 ± 13.951); A- (171.32 ± 19.957); A+ (174.04 ± 17.983). ANOVA tests revealed that there were no significant differences based on the academic achievements (P = 0.140). Self-efficacy mean rank for B-, B+, A- and A+ academic achievement were (23.50); (52.82); (64.76) and (62.83) respectively. This implies that students who had A- academic achievement had higher self-efficacy than others; however, this difference was not significant (0.210). Similarly, there were no significant (P = 0.452) differences in the achievement motivation. Students who had A+ had higher mean rank (64.24), followed by A- (57.26), B- (49.83) and B+ (48.91). The overall score of moral intelligence domain was similar across the four levels of academic achievement. Students who had A+ had the highest mean rank (63.75), followed by A- (61.46), B+ (56.18) and B- (26.00); P = 0.311. Conclusion: Academic achievement had no significant impact on moral intelligence dimensions, leadership skills, achievement motivation and self-efficacy among Saudi Middle Schools' Gifted Students.

Growth of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) is fundamental to the Kenyan economy. These enterprises play a pivotal role in Kenya’s overall economic growth. In spite of the role that MSEs play, their growth is usually constrained by a host of factors. One avenue through which enterprises enhance their growth and survival is through technological innovation. In Kenya, the knowledge on how technological innovation can be harnessed to facilitate MSEs growth is nascent and inconclusive at best. This paper uses a knowledge production function approach to analyze factors that can be used to drive the innovation capability of MSEs. It uses a bivariate probit model and data from World Bank Enterprise Survey data for 2013 to examine some of the key drivers of process and product innovations amongst MSEs. Results from the study identified enhanced capital intensity, increased foreign partnership, listing in the capital markets and a focus beyond local markets as some of the factors that influence technological innovations. Meanwhile policies aimed at enhancing technological innovation should target more of the newly established MSEs.

Information Quality is the main factor in assessing the success of an information system. Poor information may lead companies to make wrong decisions while good information could help companies to assess the company's condition, understand what the company needs, help company to set appropriate target and help decision maker to make right decisions. This study aims to assess the quality of information from new accounting information system technology used by one of the 4 star hotel chain in Bali using AIMQ methodology. AIMQ methodology is a method to assess the quality of information and consists of three components: PSP / IQ model, Questioner and Gap analysis. AIMQ evaluate IQ from four dimensions: sound, dependable, useful, and usable information. Through this research, the company will be able to identify which quality dimensions requires improvement and assess the overall performance of the quality of information generated by the new AIS.

This study aims to identify the factors of resistance to change among drug dealers in Côte d'Ivoire. Becker's economic theory of crime (1968) and Cusson's theory of social control (1983) validated the results of this study. The survey sites are Abidjan, Grand Bassam and Abengourou. 189 people were interviewed on the basis of a network sample. The survey of the actors of the traffic makes it possible to provide the following results: The financial advantages drawn, the low probability of arrest and condemnation and the social recognition offered constitute all elements to explain the persistence of the actors in the sales activities of drugs. Actions focused on increased political will, job creation and effective treatment of drug users could contribute to retraining dealers.

This article considers the Coriolis acceleration’s impact on lateral corrosion which slightly affects this process. On the base of calculations digital value of river beds’ displacement is approximated in a definite time. The results of conducted work allow to come to practical conclusions on alluvial placers search.

The PKCε activator 8-[2-(2-pentyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-cyclopropyl]-octanoic acid (DCP-LA) stimulates vesicular transport of α7 ACh receptor. The present study was conducted to explore the underlying mechanism using rat hippocampal slices. DCP-LA enhanced serine phosphorylation of the motor protein myosin Va, that moves on the actin filament towards the plus-end (the plasma membrane) and carries cargos, and the effect was abrogated by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. DCP-LA increased an association of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and myosin Va, but not myosin VI, in a PKC-dependent manner. Moreover, DCP-LA increased an association of myosin Va and α7 ACh receptor in a PKC-dependent manner. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that PKCε, activated by DCP-LA, phosphorylates myosin Va, to increase assembly of NSF/myosinVa/α7 ACh receptor. This may account for DCP-LA-induced stimulation of vesicular transport and exocytosis of α7 ACh receptor.

The assumption that sex buyers and sex workers are exclusively men and females respectively has for a long time informed societies, researchers and policy makers. As such, prostitution or sex work theories, research, policies, laws and interventions targeting the sex industry have exclusively focused on males as consumers of sexual services offered by females. However, with the emergence and expansion of sex tourism and female sex tourism, other categories of sex workers and sex buyers have been recognized: men who sell sex to men, men or women who sell sex to female clients and women who exclusively buy sex from or sell sex to women. Unfortunately, there is scanty information on this scenario in Tanzania and the study area in particular. We conducted a qualitative study that sought, among other objectives, to establish the typologies of sex workers and sex buyers to inform health promotion and communication interventions targeting the sex industry in the Tanzania-Uganda borderlands. Findings include 17 categories of sex workers and six categories of sex buyers. We believe the typologies presented will be user-friendly and adequately comprehensive to inform health intervention programs aiming at improving the health status of individuals in the sex industry in the Tanzania-Uganda borderlands and elsewhere.

Objective: Stress causes the disruption of the physical and mental well-being of people. Stress is triggered when an individual is expected to perform tasks beyond the prescribed levels of mental intake and physical execution. The circumstances, the causes and the perpetuators of stress are called stressors, that may drastically change a person’s attitude and behavior towards a specific task or objective. However, in certain circumstances, stressors also stand to motivate as they positively contribute towards the well-being of people (Darshani, 2014). Positive stress, also called eustress, is caused when a stressful situation is perceived as an opportunity to perform and yield an advan-tageous outcome; whereas, negative stress, also called distress, is caused when a stressful situation is perceived as a threat often re-sulting in disadvantageous results. Eustress enables an individual to perform extraordinarily and achieve outstanding results whereas distress causes psychological imbalance that leads to various health related disorders. Every individual has his/her own endurance levels for withstanding stressful conditions in which some people perform well and excel under stress, while some people buckle under pressure and fail to achieve outcomes expected from them (Krishnan, 2014). The characteristics, attitudes and mental approaches of individuals play an important role in the management of stressful circumstances. The effective procedure of identifying and handling stressful events depends on the personality and characteristics of the concerned people and this fact is affirmed by various studies that suggest that a person experiences harmful stress only if the situation is perceived as a threat and not as a challenge or a stimulant (de Jong and Emmelkamp, 2000). With regards to above concept an effort has been made to do comparative analysis and its impact of organisational stress level among corporate and academic sector by using t-test.

Leukemia one of the malignancies starts in blood but extend to other body organs as blood is the major of body supply of oxygen and nutrients. Leukemia can be divided according to many considerations but the important on is the set of the disease to acute and chronic and then type of cell involved in its occurrence to myeloid and lymphoid type. This study concerned about acute leukemia in Khartoum state and the status of renal and liver function tests. The study involved 100 patients 42% females and 58% males. After approval and formal consent obtained by Alneelain University, Khartoum Nuclear and Radiology hospital and patients of acute leukemias, blood samples were used to measure urea and creatinine as renal parameters and liver function tests included bilirubin, protein and enzymes. All parameters among acute leukemia patients presented increased than normal range. Patients were in different age levels and still abnormality of measured parameters presented

The adoption of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001:2008 Quality Management Systems in education has become a debated issue on whether or not the certification is appropriate for the Education sector. Some scholars consider its adoption as a strategic decision by educational institutions to ensure delivery of quality service therein while others do not. Complaints by some academic staff in public universities in Kenya on the impact of ISO 9001:2008 quality management systems on teaching casts doubt on their level of satisfaction with it based on non conformities. For instance between 2012 and 2015 one of the public universities recorded 340 non-conformities and another 360 which were higher than those recorded in other certified public universities. That is, the other certified public universities recorded below 270 non-conformities in teaching. The objective of this study therefore was to establish the influence of ISO 9001:2008 quality management system on academic staff’s service delivery in teaching in public Universities in Kenya. The two public universities that had the highest non conformities were used as the site for the study. The study established that ISO 9001:2008 quality management systems had significant influence on teaching on academic staff’s delivery in teaching such that for every one unit increase in ISO 9001:2008 quality management system conformity in teaching, improved service delivery in teaching .882 units. This means that when non conformities decline there is improvement in academic staff’s service delivery in teaching in public universities. ISO 9001:2008 QMS was a significant predictor of academic staff’s service delivery in teaching (F (1,252) = 32.328, P<.05). The study concluded that ISO 9001:2008 quality management system improved service delivery in teaching in public universities. The study recommended that public universities should strive to minimize non conformities for excellent service delivery. The findings of this study provides information to lecturers, Kenya Bureau of Standards and University management on the way forward in improving teaching in public Universities.

Collaboration between dietetics and dental professionals is necessary for oral health promotion and disease prevention and intervention.. Oral health and diet of a person have a synergistic bidirectional relationship. Oral infectious diseases, as well as acute, chronic, and terminal systemic diseases with oral manifestations, impact the functional ability to eat as well as diet and nutrition status. Likewise, nutrition and diet may affect the development and integrity of the oral cavity as well as the progression of oral diseases. A balanced diet is correlated to a state of oral health (periodontal tissue, dental elements, quality, and quantity of saliva). Vice versa an incorrect nutritional intake correlates to a state of oral disease As we advance in our discoveries of the links between oral and nutrition health, practitioners of both disciplines must learn to provide screening, baseline education, and referral to each other as part of comprehensive client/patient care. Dietetics practice requires registered dietitians to provide medical nutrition therapy that incorporates a person's total health needs, including oral health.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess diabetes disease management in AlMadinah's primary health care sector. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at all primary health care centers in AlMadinah City from 2nd February until 27th February 2016. This study utilizes the chronic care model (CCM) framework to examine the extent to which diabetes healthcare services are implemented. Seventy-five physicians representing chronic care clinics participated in this study by responding the Assessment of Chronic Illness Care questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were derived as instructed by the instrument's guidelines. Results: The overall Assessment of Chronic Illness Care mean is 6.12 (SD=2.4) and the highest subscale mean is 7.2 (SD=2.2) for the organization of the health care system while the lowest mean is 5.5 (SD=2.4) for the self-management subscale. Lowest items scores were community programs and partnership with community organizations, 4.3 (SD=3) and 4.8 (SD=2.2) respectively. Conclusion: The study results revealed reasonable implementations of the chronic care model with questionable community participation effectiveness in managing diabetes. However, further studies are needed to provide more in-depth assessment of each component of the CCM including patients' perceptions and nurses' roles in managing chronic illnesses.

Objective: The aim of this study was to calculate the incidence of pulmonary hypertension and its age distribution in isolated atrial septal defect (ASD) patients in our population. Methods: A total of 124 ASD (secundum type) patients were included in the study. The diagnosis was made with echocardiography. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was obtained by Doppler echocardiography. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was estimated with the relation of MPAP to PASP as (mPAP = 0.61×PASP + 2 mm Hg). Results: Severe PA hypertension (mean pressure > 40 mm Hg) was found in 12 patients (9.67%), age range was neonate to 60 years but most of them were less than 30 years old. Conclusion: It was seen that pulmonary pressure increases with age.

Anaemia is a potential hazardous hematological disorder that may occur in pregnancy. It is important risk factor for uteroplacental insufficiency and is associated with late abortions, prematurity, low birth weight and stillbirths. The present study aimed to assess the histological changes of placentas associated with maternal anaemia (mothers with Hb level < 11 g/dl) were fifty (50) and those collected from control mothers were fifty (50). All the deliveries were at full term (37-41 weeks) periods and without any obstetric complications or diseases. Microscopic analyses of the placentas were done and these findings were compared. Statistical analysis was performed by using t-test for comparing the mean values of fetal weights, placental weights and placental indices of the maternal anaemia group with those of control group. It was observed that the mean fetal weight of pregnancy with anaemia group was less than those of the control group. The mean placental weight in pregnancy with the anaemia group was more than the control group. Also, the mean placental index of the maternal anaemia group was higher than that of the control group. Histopathology study revealed decreased villous vascularity, excessive syncytial knots, increased fibrinoid necrosis of the villi, increase in villous stromal fibrosis in placentas of anaemic mothers as compared to those of the controls. Incidence and severity of the above lesions increases with increase in severity of anaemia. We concluded that maternal anaemia resulted into bigger, heavier placentas and smaller fetuses, whereas placental morphological changes showed signs of chronic hypoxia and placental insufficiency.

The human papilloma virus (HPV) has a high potential for transmission and contamination among the population. HPV infection is closely related to host cell differentiation and remodeling. The virus changes the proliferative capacity of the epithelium, the more superficial stratified layers remain proliferative, including the most differentiated strata, generating exophytic epithelial growth. The oncogenic potential is related to the insertion of viral DNA into the host genome. HPV integrates into the genomic DNA of the host epithelial cell and mediated by two viral proteins from the E6 and E7 viral region, prevents cell cycle arrest. HPV 16 and 18 subtypes have a high incidence in detections of malignant neoplastic lesions. This work assisted a case of HPV detection in a preventive process of malignant neoplasias, being part of the research supported by the Brazilian PROSUP / CAPES program. Clinical dentistry and laboratory procedures are described in detail in order to understand the possible relation between HPV and carcinogenesis in the oral region. The key role of patient follow-up after the appearance of an HPV lesion is highlighted.

Odontogenic tumors are the lesions that are derived from the tooth-producing tissues or their remnants that remain entrapped either within the jawbones. The assumption of being Odontogenic in origin derives from the fact that they are only found in the jaws having a relation to teeth and teeth-bearing tissues. Further their relationship to the teeth is fairly clear-cut, both histologically and radiographically. The pathogenetic mechanism of Odontogenic tumors is close¬ly related to the developmental processes of teeth. As a result, the molecular signaling mechanisms for normal enamel organs and Odontogenic tumors have been closely compared. With advances in the elucidation of molecular signaling mecha¬nisms in cells, the cytodifferentiation of epithelial tumor cells in ameloblastomas can be identified using different biomarkers. Therefore, it is suggested that comprehensive pathological observation including molecular genetic information can provide more reliable information for the propagation and prognosis of ameloblastomas. This article is aimed to re¬view the current concepts of ameloblastomas and to discuss their clinico-pathological features relevant to tumorigenesis and prognosis.

Ranula is a non-cancerous cyst like space in mouth that contains mucus; usually caused by obstruction of a salivary gland. The term ranula is derived from Latin word “Rana” meaning frog,as the swelling may resemble a frog’s translucent under belly. It occurs usually in the floor of the mouth. Clinical types of ranula- • The simple ranula-it has an epithelial lining • The plunging ranula-it is an extravastion pseudocyst.

Its great potential to improve the overall performance of data transmission with its dynamic and adaptive spectrum allocation capability in comparison with many other networking technologies, cognitive radio (CR) networking technology has been increasingly employed in networking and communication infrastructures for smart grids. However, a secondary user (SU) of a CR network has to be squeezed out from a channel when a primary user reclaims the channel, which may occur in a randomized fashion. The randomness of the appearance of licensed users, disruptions to both licensed and unlicensed communications are often difficult to prevent. So traffic may cause packet losses and delays for secondary user’s data. Primary users (PU) are the users who are licensed with certain bands of the current spectrum, while secondary users (SU) do not have the licenses for the utilization of those spectrum bands. SU sensed channel state is either free or occupied by other users based on checking ON or OFF state of communication channel using Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of smart grid. It implement two implementations logic. 1. Request to the server where resource is allotted to the secondary user if primary user is not available. Handoff scheme is implemented when primary user comes in the picture. 2. Request to the primary user here main server plays a role in fixing the optimum cost & identification of best primary user based on recommendation scheme incentives are provided to the best primary user as well as secondary user who have given the feedback.

In this paper, a new method of finding solutions of a solvable standard quadratic congruence of composite modulus which is a product of two different odd primes and also as a product of twin primes are discussed. Actually, a new formula is discovered to find all the solutions of the congruence. It is found that the method is simple and takes less time as compared to the existed method. A comparative study is made by giving suitable numerical examples.

Ficuscarica L. fam. Moraceae is one of the most important horticulture crops in the arid and semi-arid regions in the world. In order to study the drought resistance in two fig varieties (Soltani and Abiad), experiment has been conducted to achieve a method for multiple-shoot induction under drought stress using polyethylene glycol with apical buds collected from mature trees of Ficuscarica L., using Morashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with different growth regulators benzyl adenine (BA). Growth factors were affected by presence of PEG in media and there were negative relationship in survival percent, shootlets number, shootlets length, fresh weight, dry weight and rooting percent with 8% PEG concentration in media, while the root length was longer and thick at the high concentration of PEG in media. Proline content as drought genes expression increased positively with PEG. The shootlets number decreased to 19.88% and 20.18% in soltani and abiad respectively at 8% compared with control. Plantlets that generated from study can tolerate drought with healthy growth to 4% PEG.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insensitivity to insulin, which is linked with many pathological alterations leading tocardiovascular diseases. Consequently, enormous studies indicated that patients with T2DM are significantlyassociated withblood vascular diseases, in particularthromboembolic complications. Aim of study: This study was designed to study the prevalence of thromboembolic complications among Saudi patients diagnosed with T2DM andidentify the most common types of thromboembolic complications in patients with T2DM. Methodology: Retrospective cohort study was performed onmedical records of 150 Saudi patients diagnosed with T2DM at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabiabetween January 2015 and January 2017. Review included demographic data, biochemical, hematology, coagulation profilesand thromboembolic complications. Results: A total of 150 patient records with T2DM were interrogated in this retrospective study. All patients showed significantly increased fasting glucose and HbA1c levels. Around18 diabetic patients (7.33% males and 4.66% females)developed thrombotic events between January 2015 and 2017. Hematological results demonstrated that most subjects were diagnosed with anemia based on levels ofhemoglobinand red blood cell count. Reduction in platelet counts were observed among T2DM patients suffering from thrombosis compared tocontrol subjects, which suggests increased consumption of platelets in patients with thrombotic complications..Consequently, coagulation profiles showed hypercoagulability state in T2DM patients with thrombosis in comparison to controls. We also observed deep vein thrombosis in 38.9% of T2DM patients with thrombotic events. This observation infers that deep vein thrombosis is the most common type of thromboembolicevents amongT2DM patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of thromboembolic complicationsis greater among Saudi patients who are diagnosed with T2DM in which represents a major clinical health problem and a healthcare burden. Although the high incidence and serious nature of thethrombosis, anational prevention program should be developedto understand the risk factors of thromboembolic eventswithin T2DM patients and to find out a proper management and treatments.

Aim: To present a case with variation in the canal configuration and morphology of maxillary third molar, which was diagnosed and endodontically treated successfully. Knowledge about root canal anatomy and morphology of root canal system plays an important role in the prognosis of endodontic treatment and its success. There are many variations in number of roots and canal configuration in maxillary molars. Undetected anatomical variations of roots or root canals which remain untreated are one of the main reasons for endodontic failure. Moreover, treating the third molars present a great challenge for endodontists because of their known inaccessibility and variability. The present paper describes a case of a right maxillary third molar with a canal configuration rarely reported in the literature. The tooth had four different roots with four root canals, two individual palatal roots one mesiopalatal and one distopalatal.

Background: HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis-Bare major health problems worldwide. The number of infected people are liable to increase day by day. Awareness towards prevention and control of these diseasesare necessary among both educated and illiterate people. This study is concerned with a special branch of folk medicine in Tamilnadu, India which is formerly peripatetic hunter community settled all over South India. Objectives: This study is aimed at assessing the awareness and knowledge about HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis-B among the Narikuravar population residing at Thirunelveli district. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire based study was conducted amongst the Narikuravar Gypsies population residing at Valliyur, Thirunelveli district. Out of 212 members of both the sex, 108 respondents who were above 18 years of age were included in the study. A close ended questionnaire of 20 self-administered questions was given. Results were statistically analyzed using chi square test. The level of significance was set at p value <0.05. Results: A total of 108 subjects of 52 male and 56 female were recruited. Out of 108 participants all were aware regarding HIV/AIDS and that it transmits through Blood. But still almost 50% of participants had superstitions regarding sharing food and hugging or shaking hands with HIV/AIDS patients. Conclusion: This showed the level of awareness about HIV/AIDS among the Narikuravar Gypsies population residing at Valliyur, Thirunelveli district. The awareness regarding the HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis-B was less and superstition regarding the same was more compared to other population. Thus it is necessary to break such superstition about the disease in order to bring a complete awareness of the disease.

Hernia repairs are day to day procedures performed by General surgeons. Mesh hernia repairs have brought significant improved outcomes than primary hernia repairs. A limiting aspect associated with mesh hernia repair is chronic mesh infection. Such patients pose management challenge and are difficult to treat. Here we report our experience in treating one such a patient with chronic mesh infection after 10 years of initial laparoscopic Hernia surgery

The paper discusses the immunosuppressive effects of pharmacological drugs. The task is to reduce the possible side effect of drugs due to annually increasing public access to medicines as a result of a large number of OTC drugs available for sale accompanied by a lack of objective information about their possible negative consequences. Here, we present information on the study of immunosuppressive effects of various pharmacological groups and their impact on public health. To a certain extent, this information allows predicting the effect of drugs on the body’s responsiveness, and their contribution to aggravation or elimination of initial immune disorders in patients.

Background: Dengue a mosquito borne viral fever is caused by Dengue virus of family Flaviviridae. It has a wide spectrum of sign and symptoms ranging from acute self-limiting infection to fatal complications in few cases like Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Several Rapid immuno-chromatographic and ELISA based diagnostic kits are available for laboratory diagnosis in clinically suspected cases. Due to threat of developing fatal complications, rapid diagnosis becomes important in order to prevent such complications. Objective: Evaluation of Rapid immuno-chromatographic test kits taking ELISA (NS-1 Ag and IgM Antibody) as reference. Materials and Method: Cross-sectional study. ELISA and SD BIOLINE- Dengue Duo Rapid immunodiagnostic test kit as per manufacturer’s instruction. Result: Sensitivity and Specificity for NS1 antigen 89.6% and 98% and for IgM antibodies 94.7% and 100% respectively were observed using SD BIOLINE- Dengue Duo Rapid immunodiagnostic test kits taking NS-1 antigen and IgM anti-dengue antibody ELISA as reference. Conclusion: During an outbreak where rapid diagnosis is needed, rapid diagnostic kits are good alternative to ELISA based tests.

Objective: Renal artery resistive index evaluation in patients with diabetes mellitus and control group along with its correlation with microalbuminuria. Materials and Methods: This study comprised of 50 cases of diabetic mellitus (NIDDM) in age group of (40-60 years) and 50 cases of age match control of non-diabetic patients. Total 100 cases underwent duplex ultrasonography. Both groups of 50 cases each were tested for blood urea, serum creatinine, urine proteinuria and microalbuminuria. Results: In our study 50 diabetics were further divided into two groups based on their RI values. Group 1 were the patients with RI value above 0.7 and group 2 with RI less than 0.7. 30% patients had RI value more than 0.7 and 20% patients had RI value less than 0.7. mean age of the patients in group 1 was 55.73 years and 54.05years in group 2.66% patients with diabetes were male and 34% female. 77% of group 1 patients and 20% in group 2 had overt proteinuria. 23% of group 1 and 60%of group 2 patients had microalbuminuria. There were 20% patients in group 2 which showed normal RI values and no overt or microalbuminuria. Patients with overt proteinuria had mean RI of 0.75. Microalbuminuric patients with mean RI of 0.69 and patients with no proteinuria had mean RI value of 0.64. Among diabetics, patients with RI more than 0.7 had mean blood urea of 34.5 mg/dl and 30.2 mg/dl in group 2. Among diabetics mean serum creatinine value in group 1 patients is 2.28 mg/dl and 0.99 mg/dl in group 2 patients. Mean RI of control group was 0.62 and 0.71 in diabetics. Conclusion: High RI is significantly associated with micro and overt proteinuria. Thus, RI value can be used as an additional parameter for early detection of diabetic nephropathy similar to that with microalbuminuria. There is potential role of renal RI in identifying diabetic patients who are developing diabetic nephropathy.